Ability to forgive can change depending on various factors, some of which might be constant like gender and some situational. It can change during different periods of human life. The aim of this study was to investigate different aspects of ability’s to forgive development in groups of healthy participants and oncological patients. There were 310 participants in this study: 145 males and 165 females, whose age varied from 18 to 70 years. Participants were divided in two groups: healthy participants and oncological patients. A group of healthy participants consisted of 209 people, oncological patients – 101 participant. Their ability to forgive, empathy, awareness of grievances and acceptance of God‘s forgiveness were investigated. After data analysis the following hypotheses were confirmed: items of forgiveness scale in healthy participants were scored higher than in oncological patients; items of empathy scale in healthy participants were scored higher than in oncological patients; healthy females’ item “degree of awareness of grievances to self” was scored higher than scores of males. Other significant differences comparing ability to forgive, empathy, awareness of grievances and acceptance of God‘s forgiveness were found in groups of healthy participants, oncological patients, male and female. Significant correlations between age and ability to forgive, empathy, awareness of grievances and acceptance of God‘s forgiveness were found in groups according to health status... [to full text]

The subject of the present thesis is an analysis of the ditransitive verbs envy and forgive in the ditransitive/double-object constructions, i.e., either the S-V-Oi-Od or S-V-O-Oprep argument structure, in which both objects are explicitly expressed. Envy and forgive represents marginal ditransitive verbs, whose accounts in major grammars and various studies are far from uniform. Occasionally considered idiosyncratic, the ditransitive use (i.e., the indirect pattern) of the two verbs is expected to decrease in frequency. Thus, the research aims to investigate the postverbal complementation preference of envy and forgive, and the way the preference changes over time. However, it is not the relative frequency of the S-V-Oi-Od pattern with respect to all remaining constructions that is of interest here, but its ratio to the frequency of the other available double object construction, the prepositional S-V-O-Oprep pattern. Additionally, the thesis provides a systematic overview of syntactic and semantic differences between envy and forgive as well as an account of their shared features and aspects. Particular attention is paid to the Oi/O realisation (e.g., the substantival or pronominal realisation) and the Od/Oprep realisation (namely, the substantival realisation, the pronominal realisation, the...

Abstract Aim: this paper is a report of a concept analysis of forgiveness and its practice within the social work area. Background: worldwide interest in and funding for forgiveness research has brought about a body of knowledge from many disciplines that could be clinically useful to social work. At this time forgiveness interventions are used in social work in other countries, primary in the USA. The social workers in the Scandinavian countries need to focus on this important area of inquiry. Method: forgiveness was explored from a philosophical perspective and from forgiveness interventions from a variety of areas suitable for social work. Concept analysis was used to identify the concept of attributes, antecedents and consequences. A total of twelve works from both disciplines was included in the analysis. Findings: a clear definition of forgiveness emerged from the analysis. Forgiveness has three primary attributes. First, is the forgoing or letting go of a negative response (resentment) that resulted from a hurt. Secondly, is the giving of a positive response to the offender, that is, changing a negative judgement of the offender to a more positive one. Thirdly, forgiveness is not the same as reconciliation. Forgiveness is within the victims control but reconciliation needs the cooperation of the offender. Forgiveness is also different from forbearance, pardoning, excusing and forgetting. Forgiveness is suitable as a method in the Scandinavian social work, within a variety of areas; with children, families, alcohol abusers among others. Conclusion: a clear definition and understanding of forgiveness is needed to educate social workers on beginning interventions in this area. Conceptual and theoretical work is needed in social work to promote knowledge development in this area.

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-09T13:48:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1805485 bytes, checksum: 005e64449c363605379785e0de65008a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-09T13:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1805485 bytes, checksum: 005e64449c363605379785e0de65008a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation has the objective of create an explicative model of the willingness to forgive, using implicit and explicit questionnaires. The human values and the belief in a just or unjust world was the independent variables, considering a cross-cultural sample. In this sense, two empirical studies was performed. The Study 1 considered a sample of 723 subjects, with mean age of 26.5 years old (DP = 9,10), mostly composed by women (73,3%), and distributed on 5 countries: Argentina (n =54), Brazil (n =330), Spain (n = 154), Mexico (n = 83) and Portugal (n = 102). They answered to General Just World Scale, Unjust Word Scale, Willingness to Forgive Scale, Basic Values Questionnaire and demographic questions. The results pointed to the formulation of a theoretical model involving the Personal goals (excitement and promotion) and beliefs in just and unjust world, predicting the explicit willingness to forgive. This model looks satisfactory by the empirical data observed: [χ²/gl = 7,26, GFI = 0,98, AGFI = 0,94, CFI = 0,91 e RMSEA = 0,09 (0,063 – 0,013)]. The Study 2 aimed: a) adapt an implicit measure of willingness to forgive (IAT- Forgiveness) for the five countries; b) know the implicit correlates of willingness to forgive and c) develop a alternative model to explain this willingness, involving the values and beliefs. Was counted with a sample of 449 participants, from five different countries. These had a mean age of 25.5 years (SD = 8.40) most female (72.6%). In order to achieve the objectives, the sample was divided by country: Argentina (n = 41), Brazil (n = 200), Spain (n = 84), Mexico (n = 76) and Portugal (n =48). The IAT - Forgiveness was given together with the same questionnaires of Study 1. The results showed that the implicit measurement presented predictive validity. It also revealed that people in five countries showed implicit willingness to forgive, and that this willingness correlaciou positively with social goals (interactive and normative) and with the beliefs in a just world and inversely with the belief in an unjust world. The second theoretical model also presented appropriate indices: [χ²/gl = 3,09, GFI = 0,99, AGFI = 0,96, CFI = 0,93 e RMSEA = 0,07 (0,27 – 0,11)]. It is estimated that the objectives were achieved, with the adaptation of of an implicit measure of willingness to forgive for five countries, with preliminary evidence of its validity, and increasing the understanding that has been around willingness to forgive from the relationships it establishes with other constructs. / Esta dissertação objetivou elaborar um modelo explicativo da disposição para perdoar, utilizando instrumentos explícito e implícito, tendo, como variáveis independentes, os valores humanos, a crença no mundo justo e injusto, considerando uma amostra transcultural. Neste sentido, dois estudos empíricos foram levados a cabo. O Estudo 1 considerou uma amostra total de 723 participantes, cuja idade média foi de 26,5 anos (DP = 9,10), em maioria mulheres (73,3%), distribuídos em cinco países: Argentina (n = 54), Brasil (n = 330), Espanha (n = 154), México (n = 83) e Portugal (n = 102). Estes responderam à Escala Geral de Crença no Mundo Justo, Escala de Crenças no Mundo Injusto, Escala de Disposição para Perdoar, Questionário de Valores Básicos e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados apontaram para elaboração de um modelo teórico envolvendo os valores pessoais (experimentação e realização) e as crenças no mundo justo e injusto, predizendo a disposição para perdoar explícita. Este modelo se mostrou satisfatórios aos dados empíricos: [χ²/gl = 7,26, GFI = 0,98, AGFI = 0,94, CFI = 0,91 e RMSEA = 0,09 (0,063 – 0,013)]. O Estudo 2 teve os seguintes objetivos: a) adaptar uma medida implícita de disposição para perdoar (TAI- Perdão) para os cinco países; b) conhecer os correlatos implícitos da disposição para perdoar e c) elaborar um modelo alternativo para explicar essa disposição, envolvendo os valores e as crenças. Contou-se com uma amostra de 449 pessoas dos mesmos países do Estudo 1. Estes tinham idade média de 25,5 anos (DP= 8,40) em maioria mulheres (72,6%). A fim de realizar os objetivos, a amostra foi dividida segundo os países: Argentina (n = 41), Brasil (n = 200), Espanha (n = 84), México (n = 76) e Portugal (n = 48). O TAI – Perdão foi administrado em conjunto com os mesmos instrumentos do Estudo 1. Os resultados mostraram que a medida implícita apresentou validade preditiva. Revelou também que as pessoas dos cinco países apresentaram disposição implícita para perdoar, e que esta disposição se correlaciou positivamente com os valores sociais (interativa e normativa) e as crenças no mundo justo e inversamente com a crença no mundo injusto. O segundo modelo teórico também apresentou índices adequados: [χ²/gl = 3,09 GFI = 0,99, AGFI = 0,96, CFI = 0,93 e RMSEA = 0,07 (0,27 – 0,11)]. Estima-se que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, com a adaptação transcultural de uma medida implícita de disposição para perdoar, apresentando evidências preliminares de sua validade, além de aumentar o entendimento que se tem em torno da disposição para perdoar a partir das relações que ela estabelece com outros construtos.