Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yara Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 763129 bytes, checksum: dcc976abda95e96a81c0f1ca981b8ece (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Since the French Revolution, nation became a strong theoretical reference to the organization of the human communities in Europe and, arriving at the 20th century, this idea was disseminated to other continents. In many countries, the debates about nation as reality or project were performed in racialist terms. This happened in Brazil, in a very peculiar way, because marked by the long existence of the slavery. Guided by theories of inferior races, many Brazilian thinkers have doubted that a country of mestizos and mulattos would be feasible. This research, exploring the set of the age, aims to emphasize and compare the studies of two authors on national things and themes. We intend to verify the influence of the European doctrine in their reflections and understand the conception that each author has of nation in general and about the possibility of a nation be constituted in this country situated on the tropics. This work has three chapters. In the first, there is a brief account of some of the principal outlooks about nation and, next, we insert the conceptions of Manoel Bomfim e Paulo Prado. In the second chapter, is examined the influence of the notion of race in the Brazil s process of constitution and how it was interpreted by both authors. In the last chapter, we search to examine the prominence given to the Paulistas by the two authors inhabitants of the Brazilian state of São Paulo , personified by the Bandeirantes, which would act to consolidate the new nation redesigning the map of Brazil and including the native in the rising society / Since the French Revolution, nation became a strong theoretical reference to the organization of the human communities in Europe and, arriving at the 20th century, this idea was disseminated to other continents. In many countries, the debates about nation as reality or project were performed in racialist terms. This happened in Brazil, in a very peculiar way, because marked by the long existence of the slavery. Guided by theories of inferior races, many Brazilian thinkers have doubted that a country of mestizos and mulattos would be feasible. This research, exploring the set of the age, aims to emphasize and compare the studies of two authors on national things and themes. We intend to verify the influence of the European doctrine in their reflections and understand the conception that each author has of nation in general and about the possibility of a nation be constituted in this country situated on the tropics. This work has three chapters. In the first, there is a brief account of some of the principal outlooks about nation and, next, we insert the conceptions of Manoel Bomfim e Paulo Prado. In the second chapter, is examined the influence of the notion of race in the Brazil s process of constitution and how it was interpreted by both authors. In the last chapter, we search to examine the prominence given to the Paulistas by the two authors inhabitants of the Brazilian state of São Paulo , personified by the Bandeirantes, which would act to consolidate the new nation redesigning the map of Brazil and including the native in the rising society

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Leite Mantovani.pdf: 1026146 bytes, checksum: d25ed33f8d2a620323064b413db32d2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Despite the attempt of ideologists to formulate the nationalist spirit, according to Benedict Anderson, European nationalities were also created by the bombastic and non-intentional interaction between capitalism, the beginning of the editorial effort, and the linguistic diversity. The New World, like Europe, depended on ideologues to build the nations' imaginaries. The processes of independence were crucial to the configuration of the type of elites who would determine the ethics, that is, what would be the cause of the nation. Each independent State wasn't limited to a single nation project. The 19th century saw the struggle of many groups which fought for the legitimacy of speech, and consequently, for the offices in the (Brazilian) royalty or (Spanish-American) republics. The ideologues who had given the basis of Brazilianness to the Empire were called Grupo de Paris, who were protected by the emperor and and who had systematized the facets of what should have been the pride of the new nation. On the other hand, the winning project of 19th century Argentina was the Asociación de mayo s, people who valiantly fought the Argentinean political system which was based on caudillaje and a kind of federalism , isolating each province and privileging Buenos Aires. Consequently both projects were diametrically opposed to what would be regarded as protection and persecution by the State. Although some ideas were confluent, the posture of the Brazilian group was suitable to the ruling class, and that of the Argentinean group was antagonistic with the authoritarian and fragmented political system of Argentina. These differences can be factually demonstrated: the way in which these people inserted themselves in their respective fields; the proximity of the court or distance of the country as a result of exile; the way they prepared their biographies; how they organized their literary salons; the insistence on writing about fine-arts and literature in Brazil and the essays on government and laws in Argentina. Both generations launched magazines: Niterói, by the Grupo de Paris, and La moda, by the Asociación de mayo. Comparing the first delineation of those intellectuals is one of this dissertation s aims. Another purpose of this paper is to compare the work that provides the greatest evidence of the Brazilian generation s ethos, Confederação dos Tamoios, financed directly by D. Pedro II, Brazil s emperor, with the most influential Argentinean book from this period, Facundo: civilización y barbarie, a Sarmiento s criticism to the Argentinean politics. Both works determined who were to be included and excluded in the national projects, notwithstanding, in a very different way. It is the main goal of this dissertation to investigate the legitimization of these artists and ideologists in their respective fields, and also to analyze the promotion of patriotism in these works: in each period with its own peculiarities; in each field with its own demands; and in each institution with its own interests / Apesar de contar com ideólogos para a formulação do espírito nacionalista, a Europa, segundo Benedict Anderson, teve as nacionalidades criadas também por meio da interação explosiva e não intencional entre o capitalismo, o início do esforço editorial e a diversidade lingüística. O Novo Mundo, assim como a Europa, contou com ideólogos para a construção de imaginários de nação. Os processos de independência foram cruciais para a formatação do tipo de elites que iriam determinar qual seria o tipo de valor ético a ser abraçado, ou seja, qual seria a causa da nação. Não houve apenas um projeto de nação em cada Estado independente. O século XIX assistiu ao embate de alguns grupos que lutaram pela legitimidade da palavra e, conseqüentemente, pelos cargos da coroa (brasileira) ou das repúblicas (hispano-americanas). Os ideólogos que deram as bases da brasilidade ao Império foram o chamado Grupo de Paris, que foi resguardado regiamente e sistematizou as facetas daquilo que deveria ser o orgulho da nação recém-nascida. Já o projeto vencedor da Argentina do XIX foi o da Associação de maio, os homens que lutaram ferreamente contra o sistema político argentino pautado no caudilhismo e em um federalismo que isolava cada província, entregando privilégios a Buenos Aires. Portanto, ambos os projetos foram diametralmente opostos no que diz respeito à proteção e perseguição por parte do Estado. Alguns pontos confluem; contudo, a posição do grupo brasileiro era condizente com a realeza, e a do argentino foi antagônica com o autoritário e fragmentado sistema político platino. Como se inseriram nos campos, como foi a relação de proximidade da corte ou de distância do país devido ao exílio, a forma de preparar suas biografias, como organizaram os salões literários, assim como a insistência em escrever sobre belas-artes e literatura no Brasil e tratados de governo e de direito na Argentina são fatores que demonstram tal diferença. Como marco inicial, as duas gerações lançaram revistas: Niterói, pelo Grupo de Paris, e La moda, pela Associação de maio. Comparar o primeiro esboço destes intelectuais é um dos objetivos deste trabalho. O próximo intuito aqui estabelecido é comparar o trabalho máximo que evidencia o etos da geração brasileira, Confederação dos Tamoios, financiado diretamente por D. Pedro II, e o trabalho máximo argentino desta geração, Facundo: civilização e barbárie, uma crítica de Sarmiento à política argentina. Ambas as obras determinaram incluídos e excluídos dos projetos nacionais, contudo, de maneira bastante distinta. Visa-se investigar as formas de legitimação dos artistas e letrados nos seus respectivos campos, assim como analisar o enaltecimento dos seus projetos nacionais; em cada período com as suas peculiaridades, em cada campo com as suas exigências, em cada instituição com os seus interesses