No description available.

The size of archaeological data collection units and provenience controls affect data resolution, types of analyses, and the interpretations that archaeologists draw from the spatial patterning of material evidence. This research examines the use of fine-grained data collection units and the analyses that they support in the study of two Pennsylvania rockshelters to: 1) provide a better understanding of rockshelter use and the importance of rockshelters in Pennsylvania and Middle Atlantic region prehistory and, 2) reveal the impact that archaeological units can have on the reconstruction and interpretation of human behaviors in general. Insights from behavioral theory, ethnoarchaeology and previous archaeological research influenced the units and methods employed in the excavation of the Mykut and Camelback rockshelters. This analysis reveals the range of behaviors that can be reconstructed from these data, which can then be compared and contrasted with interpretations of other rockshelters and site contexts in the region. / Anthropology

The presented study focuses on the processes involved in the formation of words in contemporary English slang. The aim of the study is to determine which patterns of word building are the most frequent, also compared to the general word stock of contemporary English, based on the analysis of a representative sample of contemporary slang expressions. In addition, the study attempts to determine if there are any phenomena that have been given little or no attention so far. The study consists of two parts. The theoretical part describes the phenomena that are relevant to the scope of the research and the study in general. The first section of the theoretical part includes a description of slang, also pointing out the differences in the treatment of slang between the English-speaking and Czech linguistic tradition. The second section contains a description of the source of the data used in the research, namely, the open Internet repository of slang expressions Urban Dictionary, which is one of the most widely used slang dictionaries on the Internet. The third section provides an overview of word- formation processes that are productive in contemporary English and relevant to the source material of slang lexemes. They include affixation, compounding, conversion, shortening, semantic change, borrowing or...

Pesquisas recentes apontam para o fenômeno construtivo de sambaquis fluviais na região do médio Vale do Ribeira de Iguape, São Paulo, mais precisamente em três regiões, Itaoca, bacia do rio Jacupiranguinha e bacia do Juquiá, durante, pelo menos, o período de 9000 anos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo definir o perfil de um sambaqui fluvial, sítio Moraes (6000-4000 anos a.P.), no município de Miracatu, SP, com a finalidade de criar a compreensão intra-sítio dos processos formativos envolvidos para a elevação desta estrutura monticular, através de diferentes abordagens: distribuição espacial intra-sítio, tecnologia, subsistência, isótopos estáveis, estudo sedimentológico e análise de proporção componencial volumétrico. Os resultados destas análises associados aos dados advindos de outras pesquisas nos permitiram ampliar a discussão sobre o processo formativo do sítio Moraes e abordar a questão sobre as relações genética e cultural entre sambaquieiros fluviais e os demais grupos vizinhos. / Previous research at the Ribeira de Iguape valley, at the southern part of the State of São Paulo, Brasil, has revealed a long cultural sequence (ca. 11 to 1,2 kyBP) characterized by small shellmound sites generally designated as riverine, or fluvial, sambaquis. Besides the conspicuous presence of a terrestrial gastropod (Megalobulimus sp.) shells, these little mounds also share relevant amounts of human burials and similar technological patterns as regards lithic and bone industries, among other compositional elements. The principal aim of this thesis is to describe one of these mounds, Moraes, investigating the cultural and post-depositional formation processes implied on the long duration (6 to 4 kyBP) construction phase of such mound structure and after its abandonment, by means of zooarchaeological, technological, geochemical and isotopic analysis of its various deposits and cultural components therein, as well as their spatial distribution and articulation. This thesis also discusses the cultural and historical relationships of this fluvial shellmound culture with other cultural patterns and populations found at the same and nearby areas.

A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

A presente dissertação pretende analisar a terminologia da Economia Internacional, mais especificamente, estudar sua constituição morfológica e a presença de relações sinonímicas. Para tanto, além de um embasamento teórico inicial referente à Terminologia, aos processos de formação de palavras e às relações sinonímicas, foi necessária a elaboração de um corpus de análise, formado por termos coletados de livros utilizados na disciplina de Economia Internacional da FEA-USP. Em seguida, realizou-se a análise dos processos de formação morfológica das unidades terminológicas coletadas. Conforme foi possível perceber, num domínio especializado, o falante utiliza os mesmos recursos oferecidos pelo sistema para nomear a realidade. Entretanto, alguns processos, como a formação sintagmática, destacam-se pela produtividade. De fato, este estudo demonstra que o processo de formação sintagmática é extremamente fecundo na terminologia da Economia Internacional. Ademais, observou-se também a presença de relações sinonímicas entre os termos e verificamos que esta é bastante recorrente e expressiva. Com isso, comprova-se a existência da sinonímia no léxico especializado, o que era negado pelos adeptos da Terminologia tradicional. Com base na análise dos dados e nas reflexões teóricas apontadas, é possível demonstrar que as palavras de âmbito especializado funcionam como as demais palavras do léxico da língua. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the terminology of International Economics, more precisely, to study its morphological constitution as well as the presence of synonymous relationships. In order to do so, besides an initial theoretical grounding relating to Terminology, to the word formation processes and to the synonymous relationships, it was necessary the elaboration of a corpus of analysis, which was composed of terms collected from books used in the subject of International Economics at FEA-USP. Subsequently, an analysis of the morphological formation processes of the collected terminological units was carried out. As it has been possible to notice, in a specialized domain, the speaker uses the same resources as in the general language to name the reality. Nevertheless, some processes, such as the syntagmatic formation, stand out because of their productivity. Indeed, this study shows that the process of syntagmatic formation is extremely prolific in the terminology of International Economics. Furthermore, the presence of synonymous relationships was also observed and we have confirmed that synonymy is remarkably common and expressive in terminology, which was denied by the former adepts of traditional Terminology. Finally, based on the analysis of the data and on the theoretical reflections, it has been possible to demonstrate that the terms of specialty areas work in the same way as the other words of the lexicon of a given language.

This thesis deals with questions on various applications using soils and sediments as sources of information in archaeological research. Human environmental impact on soils and sediments, in terms of pollution, is a well known phenomenon as the industrialisation intensified during historical times and onwards and has left strong pollutive marks. However, humans have always accumulated or emitted matter and various compounds in connection to their habitats for subsistence, but these earlier traces are not always detectable, depending on soil and sediment state of preservation. Bioessential elements are intimately linked to humans and their dwellings and especially phosphate has been evident in this respect. It was established already in the 1930s, that even Stone Age settlements could be located through elevated phosphate content in extensive soil phosphate mappings. This thesis is a compilation on results from several sites and excavations from the southern to the northern parts of Sweden. There is a wide variety of soil types and chronological setting in the material, from highly acid podzols to calcareous soils, and sediments dated to Younger Dryas to current top soils. Sites from the Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Early and Late Iron Age and Medieval are all represented. Methods that have been implemented are firstly various forms of analysis in regards to soil phosphate, magnetic susceptibility and organic matter. Furthermore, metal and non-metal elements have been considered, as well as lead isotopes. A multiproxy approach is applied in some examples where biological and chemical data is combined to interpret past events. In this thesis there are also five papers presented. The first paper deals with methodological issues concerning multi-element analyses of various soil samples (off-site to feature) from an archaeological excavation. The second paper is about the possibilities that may be used when analysing the soil organic phosphate in relation to prehistoric agriculture. Paper three and fourth are compilations of large scale contract archaeological project. These papers deal with theoretical, methodological and practical issues concerning environmental archaeology in relation to contract archaeology. Studies on landscape development and erosion are among the cases presented. The last paper deals with a late Mesolithic - early Neolithic settlement in Vuollerim, N. Sweden, and spatial dimensions on the human use of settlement (off-site to on-site) and house floors (intra-site), are discussed.

The study of archaeological site formation processes, although commonly undertaken in prehistoric sites, is only carried out in historical archaeological sites in a limited way. Understanding the processes which formed the archaeological record of a site is an important first step towards developing justifiable inferences about past behaviour and past societies regardless of the age of the site. This thesis identifies and examines the cultural and noncultural processes that formed the archaeological record at the Commissariat Store, in Brisbane, Australia. The history of the site, from its construction in 1829 as part of the Moreton Bay penal settlement to the present, is examined and the expected impacts and processes on the archaeological record are identified. The archaeological evidence from the salvage excavation of the site undertaken in 1978/79 is analysed to identify the cultural and noncultural site formation processes. This study identified the presence of the cultural formation processes of discard, loss, abandonment and re-use from an examination of the historical and archaeological evidence. Non-cultural formation processes at work in the site include faunalturbation, floralturbation, flooding and aquaturbation. This research also identified deficiencies in Schiffer's model for identifying and categorising cultural formation processes. The activity of construction of the site's drainage system did not clearly fit within a single type of formation process. Water as a formation agent is only discussed in the literature as a non-cultural formation process, while at this site water can be seen as a cultural formation process. This thesis demonstrates the value and importance of understanding site formation processes as a firm basis for future interpretation of the archaeology of the Commissariat Store site.

Nominalisation is being considered as one of the tendencies of the contemporary German. The diploma thesis focuses not only on noun derivatives. This diploma thesis deals with the nominal style in general, which is rich on the derivative nouns and different kinds of noun-verb combinations. In contrary to verbal style, the nominal style occurs primarily in the written and professional language. However, some features are to be found even on level A1 and A2 and are used in everyday spoken language. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the textbooks for children and young adults and to find in what level occur the features of the nominal style in textbooks for secondary schools.

This research was developed and presented to the Postgraduation Program in Education, Master‟s Course of the Education Center of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in the Line Formation, Knowledge and Professional Development, considering the perspective of university teaching and of the formation of professionals that participate of such education process. The main aim of such investigation was to understand and analyze the professional trajectory and the formation processes of teachers who participated of the Institutional Program of Professional Development and Formation of Teachers and Managers CICLUS of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Facing a reality in which university teaching is not ruled under a specific course, but developed through postgraduation courses, I focused, since my undergraduate studies, on the perspective of issues regarding the process of formation of the formation teacher and his/her formation processes. My starting point, as regards the construction of the thesis, was such concern, as well as my trajectory in researches, readings, events and writings about such theme. Thus, the research was planned believing in the possibility of thinking about a kind of university pedagogy which contemplates the epistemological complexity required by such level of education, considering university teachers who are self-conscious about their role, as well as agents of other teacher‟s formation. Such investigation intended to create new senses to university teaching reality, and was constituted from imaginary meanings built by teachers who participated in CICLUS, throughout their trajectories. The biographical methodological approach was used, through semi-structured interviews, aiming to evidence the educational experiences of the subjects, understanding different processes and mechanisms underlying their formation. Such reports convey that the participants detect contradiction regarding the demanded formation to work with university teaching, and constituted their manner of teaching based on the references of teachers that were important for them at school, and in higher education level. I observe the need to search for other meanings regarding knowledge built through experience, in the light of theories, reflections and matching other kinds of knowledge, allowing building ways of being and acting considering one‟s own profession. Concerning narratives about CICLUS, I see the importance given to such experience, and the need to keep building such formation pathway. The need for formation focused on pedagogical questions was highlighted, and such support was perceived as part of the program, as a space dedicated to the teachers, in which they can relate problems experienced daily. It is indispensable to stimulate a formation movement, qualifying the processes of teaching and learning regarding university institutions, its achievement depending on institutional responsibility and on public policies. The research reaffirms that university pedagogy needs recognition as a field of knowledge inherent to the formative teacher. Thus, the formation of such professional might be redimensioned, and quality of higher education might be assumed as a social commitment. / Com um olhar direcionado para a temática da docência universitária e da formação do profissional que atua neste nível de ensino, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida e apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Mestrado do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, na Linha de Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional. O objetivo central desta investigação foi compreender e analisar a trajetória profissional e os processos formativos dos docentes que participaram do Programa Institucional de Formação e Desenvolvimento Profissional de Docentes e Gestores - CICLUS da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Diante de uma realidade em que a docência universitária não encontra-se regulamentada sob a forma de um curso específico, encontrando nos cursos de pós-graduação o seu desenvolvimento, comecei a direcionar meu olhar, desde a graduação, para as questões referentes à formação do professor formador e seus processos formativos. Partindo destas inquietações e de minha trajetória em pesquisas, leituras, eventos, escritas sobre esta temática, fui construindo este trabalho. Encaminhei-me para esse tema acreditando na possibilidade de pensar uma pedagogia universitária que contemplasse a especificidade epistemológica que este nível de ensino requer, com docentes conscientes de sua atuação como professores e formadores de outros profissionais. Com o intento de criar novos sentidos para a realidade da docência universitária, esta investigação foi constituindo-se a partir das significações imaginárias construídas pelos professores, participantes do CICLUS, ao longo de suas trajetórias. Neste sentido, encontrei na abordagem metodológica biográfica, a partir de uma entrevista semi-estruturada, essa possibilidade de evidenciar as experiências educacionais dos sujeitos, compreendendo os diferentes mecanismos e processos relativos à sua formação. Por entre esses relatos, percebi que os colaboradores detectam a contradição que existe entre a formação exigida para atuar na docência universitária e foram constituindo a sua maneira de dar aula se baseando em referenciais de professores que lhes produziram marcas em sua vida escolar, na graduação e também na pós-graduação. Observo a necessidade de (re) significar esses saberes construídos na experiência, a luz de teorias, reflexões e no entrelaçamento com outros saberes, que permitam a construção de um modo de ser e agir na profissão, própria da pessoa que a exerce. Em relação às narrativas sobre o CICLUS, visualizo a importância dada a estes encontros e a emergência de continuar com este movimento formativo. Foi constatada a necessidade de uma formação voltada para as questões pedagógicas e no programa foi percebido este amparo, como um espaço dedicado aos professores para que estes pudessem trazer as problemáticas vivenciadas em seu cotidiano. É imprescindível que se estimule um movimento formativo, qualificando os processos de ensino aprendizagem no interior das instituições universitárias implicando na responsabilidade institucional e nas políticas públicas a sua concretização e funcionamento. Reafirmo a partir da pesquisa que a pedagogia universitária necessita de reconhecimento como um campo do saber inerente ao professor formador, afim de (re) dimensionar o lugar da formação desse profissional e que se assuma a qualidade da educação superior como um compromisso social.