Os estudos de sambaquis estão entre os mais recorrentes na Arqueologia Brasileira. Entretanto, poucos se dedicaram a uma abordagem sistemática das indústrias líticas destes sítios. A presente pesquisa tem como objeto o Sítio do Mar Virado, localizado na Ilha do Mar Virado, município de Ubatuba, São Paulo. Trata-se de um sítio cemitério, onde intensa atividade de lascamento era realizada. O trabalho pode ser dividido em três partes: primeiramente buscou-se compreender os processos formativos do sítio e o histórico das ocupações regionais. Em seguida faz-se a caracterização da indústria lítica. Por fim os resultados da análise foram abordados em sua dispersão espacial, sendo a associação aos sepultamentos a principal variável testada, com o intuito de compreender se haveria diferenças entre o material lítico que acompanhava os mortos e aquele oriundo das demais atividades realizadas no local. / Studies of sambaquis are among the most recurring themes in the Brazilian Archaeology. However, only a few of them are devoted to a systematic approach to the lithic industries of these sites. The present research focus on Mar Virado Site, located in Mar Virado Island, Ubatuba, São Paulo. It is a cemetery, where intensive flaking activity was performed. The research can be divided in three parts: first it attempts to build an understanding of the site formation processes and the regional history of human occupations. Then it seeks to characterize the lithic industry. Finally, the results of the analysis have been approached in their spatial dispersion, testing the association with burials to understand if there are differences in the lithic material accompanying the dead and the lithic material from other activities undertaken by those groups in the island.

Este trabalho compreende uma abordagem teórico-metodológica para o estudo dos processos de formação (culturais e naturais) da camada preta que recobre o sítio Jabuticabeira II (Santa Catarina). A partir da adaptação da análise de fácies sedimentares foi desenvolvido um método para a descrição, classificação, caracterização e interpretação de sedimentos arqueológicos em sítios estratificados. Tal método foi desenhado para envolver numa mesma abordagem analítica os processos culturais e naturais como agentes ativos na configuração de corpos arqueossedimentares. Na camada preta do sítio Jabuticabeira II, a análise de arqueofácies proposta permitiu aproximar aos comportamentos deposicionais e processos naturais responsáveis pela conformação deste complexo fenômeno de deposição cultural. / This work represents a theoretical and methodological approach for the study of formation processes (both cultural and natural) of the black layer that covers the Jabuticabeira II site (Santa Catarina). From adaptation of sedimentary facies analyses a method for classification, characterization and interpretation of archaeological sediments in stratified sites was developed. Such method aims to embrace in the same analytical approach both cultural and natural processes as active agents in the configuration of archaeosedimentary bodies. In the black layer of Jabuticabeira II, the proposed archaeofacies analyses allowed the approximation of depositional behaviours and natural processes responsible for the conformation of this complex phenomenon of cultural deposition.

Foraminifera are single cell protozoa that are ubiquitous in marine environments. The hard casings, or tests, of foraminifera are routinely studied in the earth sciences, particularly for palaeoenvironmental information. Foraminifera have been little studied by archaeologists, however, despite their potential to contribute to understandings of coastal site formation processes and localised palaeoenvironments. In this study techniques and methods of foraminiferal analysis are developed and applied to the problem of distinguishing between natural and cultural marine shell deposits, using the Mort Creek Site Complex, central Queensland, as a case study. Results allow unambiguous demarcation of the natural and cultural deposits studied based on patterns of foraminiferal density. Natural deposits were found to have more than 1000 foraminifera per 100g of sediment, while cultural deposits exhibited less than 50 foraminifera per 100g of sediment. The range of taxa represented in the foraminiferal assemblage is consistent with a shallow water sub-tropical marine ecosystem, indicating general environmental stability throughout the period of deposit formation. Findings are applied to re-evaluate previous models of site formation at the Mort Creek Site Complex.

Foraminifera are single cell protozoa that are ubiquitous in marine environments. The hard casings, or tests, of foraminifera are routinely studied in the earth sciences, particularly for palaeoenvironmental information. Foraminifera have been little studied by archaeologists, however, despite their potential to contribute to understandings of coastal site formation processes and localised palaeoenvironments. In this study techniques and methods of foraminiferal analysis are developed and applied to the problem of distinguishing between natural and cultural marine shell deposits, using the Mort Creek Site Complex, central Queensland, as a case study. Results allow unambiguous demarcation of the natural and cultural deposits studied based on patterns of foraminiferal density. Natural deposits were found to have more than 1000 foraminifera per 100g of sediment, while cultural deposits exhibited less than 50 foraminifera per 100g of sediment. The range of taxa represented in the foraminiferal assemblage is consistent with a shallow water sub-tropical marine ecosystem, indicating general environmental stability throughout the period of deposit formation. Findings are applied to re-evaluate previous models of site formation at the Mort Creek Site Complex.

The thesis presents a comparison of the neologisms found in selected works of two fantasy series, namely those from the books Last Continent and Jingo (both by Terry Pratchett, they belong to the Discworld series) and A Game of Thrones (by George R. R. Martin, an installment of the A Song of Ice and Fire series). The neologisms gathered from the three books are firstly dealt with separately and subcategorized according to the word-formation processes that were employed in their creation. Subsequently, the data from respective categories in each series are compared with attention paid equally to possible disparities on one hand as well as to significant similarities on the other hand. An attempt at interpreting thus obtained results has been made, mostly with respect to the subgenres of the books and the roles they might have played in the creation of the acquired neologisms. The comparison reveals both differences and similarities, some of them quite striking. The word-formation processes that demonstrate the most intriguing results are compounding and miscellaneous processes, which are utilized to vastly different degrees in each of the series. The other processes display mostly similarity of use or just slight differences. Key words: word-formation process, neologism, comparison

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is linked to the research line Professional Formation, Knowledge and Development of the Post-Graduation Program of Federal University of Santa Maria and focuses on the Life History of a training teacher with 30 years in the training class. The general objective is to investigate formation processes and life cycle of a training teacher and the elements that have influenced her permanence for 30 years in the training class . In a qualitative approach, through the Biographical Method Life History, the methodological proceedings for the information production are defined from oral autobiographical narrative and semi-structured interview. The autobiography contributes by giving visibility to the life histories, since, when the professor rememorizes her work, the meeting with her personal life helps her to understand, according to Moita (1992), the professional role in life and the role of life in the profession . The interlocutor of this research is a teacher who works for 30 years in the class. From her life history, her memories of becoming a training teacher and keep teaching how to read, mobilize in founding out competences and experiences that were being built throughout her schooling, her formation processes and all her professional life cycle. To perceive the Life History as a possibility of reflecting about memories related to transformation times brings us the opportunity of going to training practices, as well as the elements that guides this teacher to keep 30 years training. In the final considerations, it is highlighted the elements that influence the interlocutor of this research in being and keeping working in training classes in many phases of her professional life cycle, as a satisfied and motivated person with the teaching profession. Besides that, such considerations highlights the importance of Life History as a methodology that reveals many knowledge, experiences that constitute the life of those ones who do the education. / Esta pesquisa está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa intitulada Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e tem como foco a História de Vida de uma professora alfabetizadora com 30 anos na classe de alfabetização. O objetivo geral é investigar os processos formativos e o ciclo de vida de uma professora alfabetizadora e os elementos que influenciam sua permanência por 30 anos na classe de alfabetização . Dentro de uma abordagem qualitativa, através do Método Biográfico História de Vida, os procedimentos metodológicos para a produção de informações definem-se a partir do relato autobiográfico oral e entrevista semiestruturada. A autobiografia contribui no sentido de dar visibilidade às histórias de vida, pois, quando o professor rememora seu trabalho, o encontro com sua vida pessoal e profissional ajuda-o a compreender, conforme Moita (1992), o papel da profissão na vida e o papel da vida na profissão . A interlocutora desta pesquisa é uma professora que atua há 30 anos na classe de alfabetização. A partir de sua história de vida, suas lembranças do tornar-se alfabetizadora e permanecer alfabetizando, vão se mobilizando, na descoberta de competências e experiências que foram sendo construídas ao longo de sua escolarização, seus processos formativos e todo o seu ciclo de vida profissional. Perceber a História de Vida como uma possibilidade de refletir sobre as memórias que percorreram o tempo das transformações nos traz a oportunidade de percorrer as práticas de alfabetização, bem como, os elementos que levam essa professora a permanecer 30 anos alfabetizando. As considerações finais destacam a afetividade e a reflexão como elementos que influenciam a interlocutora desta pesquisa em ser e permanecer atuando nas classes de alfabetização por diversas fases do seu ciclo de vida profissional, como uma pessoa realizada e motivada com a profissão docente. Além disso, tais considerações destacam a importância da História de Vida como uma metodologia que revela muitos saberes, experiências que constituem a história daqueles que fazem a educação.

Este trabalho compreende uma abordagem teórico-metodológica para o estudo dos processos de formação (culturais e naturais) da camada preta que recobre o sítio Jabuticabeira II (Santa Catarina). A partir da adaptação da análise de fácies sedimentares foi desenvolvido um método para a descrição, classificação, caracterização e interpretação de sedimentos arqueológicos em sítios estratificados. Tal método foi desenhado para envolver numa mesma abordagem analítica os processos culturais e naturais como agentes ativos na configuração de corpos arqueossedimentares. Na camada preta do sítio Jabuticabeira II, a análise de arqueofácies proposta permitiu aproximar aos comportamentos deposicionais e processos naturais responsáveis pela conformação deste complexo fenômeno de deposição cultural. / This work represents a theoretical and methodological approach for the study of formation processes (both cultural and natural) of the black layer that covers the Jabuticabeira II site (Santa Catarina). From adaptation of sedimentary facies analyses a method for classification, characterization and interpretation of archaeological sediments in stratified sites was developed. Such method aims to embrace in the same analytical approach both cultural and natural processes as active agents in the configuration of archaeosedimentary bodies. In the black layer of Jabuticabeira II, the proposed archaeofacies analyses allowed the approximation of depositional behaviours and natural processes responsible for the conformation of this complex phenomenon of cultural deposition.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre a arqueofauna e os grupos humanos que ocuparam os sambaquis fluviais - Estreito (4124±27), Caraça (1607±24), Lageado IV (1460±60) e Tatupeva (3990±70), situados em Itaoca, no Vale do Ribeira de Iguape e, assim, contextualizar esses restos com os demais vestígios da cultura material. O emprego das abordagens - arqueofaunística, lítica e bioarqueológica - permitiu-nos discorrer sobre os processos de formação desses sítios e compreender as diferenças e semelhanças intra-sítio, envolvendo as três áreas do médio vale. / This research aimed to investigate the relationship between the archaeofauna and human groups that occupied the sambaquis fluviais (riverine sambaquis) - Estreito (4124±27), Caraça (1607±24), Lageado IV (1460±60) and Tatupeva (3990±70), located in Itaoca, Ribeira de Iguape Valley and thus contextualize these remains with the remaining traces of material culture. The use of approaches - archaeofaunal, lithic and bioarchaeological - allowed us to discuss the formation processes of these sites and understand the differences and similarities intra-site, involving the three areas of the middle valley.

The “Lower Town” archaeological site in Mycenae, Argolis, Greece has been excavated since 2007 and multiple periods of occupation and abandonment are represented in the stratigraphy uncovered. Sedimentary deposits were grouped into two general categories during excavation and these categories shaped fieldwork decisions: yellow-orange sediment with denser artifact concentrations representing potential occupation and red sediment with sparser artifacts representing abandonment. The distributions of point locations of artifacts within these bodies of sediment are analyzed statistically for spatial homogeneity using Ripley’s K in a GIS environment to test these site formation assumptions. Statistically significant spatial clustering in artifacts is assumed for autochthonous occupation deposits. These analyses were designed to be used to explicitly test otherwise implicit assumptions during fieldwork in future fieldwork. Results are mixed, with several factors complicating the interpretation of results without the hindsight of postieldwork artifactual and geoarchaeological analyses.

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