Syftet med studien är att genom sensoriska analyser sammanställa ett doft- och smakbibliotek för hampfrö-presskaka, gula mjölmasklarver, texturerad veteprotein, ärtproteinisolat och ärtprotein koncentrat. Metoderna pilotstudie, konsensustest och in-house intensitetstest används i studieprocessen. Pilotstudiens syfte är att få en ökad förståelse för produkternas doft och smak. Konsensustestet är en central punkt för uppbyggnaden av doft- och smakbiblioteket, eftersom övervägande attribut som genererats under testet används till produktbeskrivningen i doft- och smakbiblioteket. Inhouse intensitetstestet avsikt är verifiera attributgenereringens validitet från konsensustestet. Resultatet från pilotstudien bidrar med referenser till konsensustestet. Det finns även gemensamma egenskapsord för produkternas doft- och smak i pilotstudien och i konsensustestet. Resultatet från konsensustestet visar att det är svårt att särskilja smak från munkänsla, där till exempel olja kan fastställas som en smak från hampfrö-presskaka. Resultatet från inhouse intensitetstestet har ett större bortfall, vilket gör det svårt att fastställa attributen på grund av differentialen i minimum- och maximum värdet. Attribut som gav en beskrivande text till biblioteket visar att hampfrö-presskaka har en doft av gräs och tång där smak påminner om doft. Ärtproteinisolat doftar framför allt spannmål och smaken påminner om frön och majs. Gula mjölmasklarver doftar cerealier och valnötter, där smaken utgår från grundsmaken umami. Texturerad veteprotein har en doft som kan härledas till rostade vetepuffar och havregryn, där smak påminner om doft. Sista produkten ärtprotein koncentrat, har en doft av ärtskott och en besk smak. / The purpose of the study is to construct a fragrance- and flavour library for sensory analyses for hemp seed press cake, yellow mealworms, textured wheat protein, pea protein isolate and pea protein concentrate. The methods pilot study, consensus test and inhouse intensity test are used to be able to execute the study. The purpose of the pilot study is to gain an increased understanding of the fragrance- and flavour of the pre-products. The consensus test is a central point for the structure of the fragrance- and flavour library, since predominant attributes generated during the test are used for the product description in the fragrance- and flavour library. The purpose of the inhouse intensity test is to verify the validity of the attribute generation from the consensus test. The results from the pilot study contribute with references to the consensus test. There are also common attributes for the products' fragrance- and flavour in the pilot study and in the consensus test. The results from the consensus test show that it is difficult to distinguish between taste and mouthfeel. For example, can oil from hemp seed press cake be determined as a flavour. The result from the inhouse intensity test has a large statistical error, which makes it difficult to determine the attributes due to the differential in the minimum- and maximum value. Attributes that gave a descriptive text to the library show that hemp seed press cake has a scent of grass and seaweed where the taste is reminiscent of the scent. Pea protein isolate mainly smells of grain, the taste is reminiscent of seeds and corn. Yellow mealworms smell like cereals and walnuts where the taste is based on the basic taste umami. Textured wheat protein has a scent that can remind of roasted wheat puffs and oatmeal, where the taste is reminiscent of the scent. The last product is pea protein concentrate, which has a scent of pea shoots, and the taste is bitter.

Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of personal care products as parfums, cosmetics, detergents, in-house cleaning and washing agents. Given their large area of applications and their ability to be persistent, they leaked into all parts of ecosystem, especially aquatic one. There have been a big focus on studiyng these compounds, their properties and fate in the different parts of ecosystems in the last years. The aim of master's thesis was carry out the determination of five representatives (habanolide, exaltolide, ambrettolide, musk MC4 and ethylene brassylate) of macrocyclic musk compounds in waste water samples from influent and effluent of three water treatment plants (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Lednice and WWTP Mikulov). One of the main tasks was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected musk compounds in waste water and evaluation and interpretation of the results. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes, consequently gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for analysis of selected analytes. Following evaluation the removal efficiency of musk compounds in the waste water treatment plant was assessed.

This work was focused on the determination of musk compounds in various components of the environment. Synthetic musk compounds are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of detergents, perfumes, cosmetics and other personal care products (PCPs). These compounds contaminate the aquatic environment through municipal wastewater from sewage treatment plants. The result is accumulation of these analytes in the environment and their occurrence in food chain. Synthetic fragrances are commonly detected also in human body; these substances generally belong among relatively new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. The aim of this work was to optimize the methods for the determination of selected synthetic fragrances in wastewater (municipal, industrial) and in fish muscle. These analytes were determined in wastewater [the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Brno – Modřice, cosmetic manufacturing plant] and in fish Squalius cephalus that had been caught in the river Svratka. The selected analytes (14 substances) originate from the group of nitromusk, polycyclic musk and linear musk compounds. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) [for wastewater samples] and pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) [for fish samples] were used for isolation of analytes from real samples. The identification and quantification of analytes were carried out by high resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). The results show that galaxolide (g.L-1) and tonalide (tenths of g.L-1) were polycyclic musk compounds which were found at the highest concentration level in influent and also in effluent samples from the WWTP Brno – Modřice. The most extended nitromusk compound was musk ketone (hundredths of g.L-1). Linear musk compounds were detected in all influent samples (g.L-1). The overall removal efficiency of synthetic musk compounds from wastewater in the WWTP varies within the following ranges: nitromusk compounds 34.4 % – 85.4 %, polycyclic musk compounds 36.7 % – 53.3 % and linear musk compounds 90.5 % – 99.9 %. On the basis of the results it can be stated that wastewater (effluent from the WWTP) is the primary source of musk compounds, especially of the polycyclic ones in the environment. It has been also shown that ultrafiltration used in a cosmetic plant is a highly efficient technology for removing nitromusk and polycyclic musk compounds from industry wastewater. The results from evaluation of the fish contamination by musk compounds show that galaxolide was the substance which reached the highest concentration levels (tens of g.kg-1 l.w.). The results corroborate ubiquitous occurrence of musk compounds in the environment and reduction of using of nitromusk compounds due to their potential toxic properties. It has been shown that the insufficiency of the purifying procedures used in the WWTP Brno – Modřice has a significant influence on the concentration level of polycyclic musk compounds (tonalide, galaxolide) in fish caught from the river Svratka.

This theses deals with methods of making meaning of visual signs that appears most often in fragrance advertisement. This will be worked out through analysis of these visual signs. The aim of my theses is to find the most common and most frequent semiotic visual signs and stereotypes and to find out how these signs are trying to show us imagination of the smell of fragrance and also what they express. The hypothesis is a thought that contrasting of visual signs in a fragrance advertisement for women and in a fragrance advertisement for men contains different sign stereotypes and emphasizes different elements. In the theoretical part, which is, however, supported by concrete examples from practice, I describe semiotics in advertisement, advertisement in general, differences between promotional strategies of products for women and men. In the practical part the main subjects are examples of specific fragrance advertisement. I will show both denotative and connotative meanings of signs, their disposition in the room of an advertisement, the most common elements and I will also focus on differences between the advertising for both women and men. Key words: semiotic analysis, semiotics in advertisement, advertising, stereotypes, visual signs, gender difference, denotation, connotation, codes, fragrance.

This thesis addresses key issues of scientific realism in the philosophy of biology and chemistry through investigation of an underexplored research domain: olfaction theory, or the science of smell. It also provides the first systematic overview of the development of olfactory practices and research into the molecular basis of odours across the 19th and 20th century. Historical and contemporary explanations and modelling techniques for understanding the material basis of odours are analysed with a specific focus on the entrenchment of technological process, research tradition and the definitions of materiality for understanding scientific advancement. The thesis seeks to make sense of the explanatory and problem solving strategies, different ways of reasoning and the construction of facts by drawing attention to the role and application of scientific representations in olfactory practices. Scientific representations such as models, classifications, maps, diagrams, lists etc. serve a variety of purposes that range from the stipulation of relevant properties and correlations of the research materials and the systematic formation of research questions, to the design of experiments that explore or test particular hypotheses. By examining a variety of modelling strategies in olfactory research, I elaborate on how I understand the relation between representations and the world and why this relation requires a pluralist perspective on scientific models, methods and practices. Through this work I will show how a plurality of representations does not pose a problem for realism about scientific entities and their theoretical contexts but, on the contrary, that this plurality serves as the most reliable grounding for a realistic interpretation of scientific representations of the world and the entities it contains. The thesis concludes that scientific judgement has to be understood through its disciplinary trajectory, and that scientific pluralism is a direct consequence of the historicity of scientific development.