Este trabalho propõe o estudo da ideia de “fim da História”, conforme apresentada pelo cientista político norte-americano Francis Fukuyama. Em um primeiro momento, delimitamos seu conceito de “fim da História” a partir do artigo original The End of History?, de 1989, e de suas publicações seguintes, até o livro The End of History and the Last Man, de 1992. Na segunda parte, após contrastar a ideia ao paradigma de “choque de civilizações”, de Samuel Huntington, aproximamos a estrutura conceitual proposta por Fukuyama de tópicos da teoria da história e história da historiografia relacionados ao conceito moderno de História e sua eventual exaustão identificada por diversos autores. No terceiro momento, o trabalho aborda o percurso da obra de Fukuyama após a repercussão inicial de sua proposta de “fim da História”, até os dias de hoje, buscando eventuais novidades à estrutura conceitual delimitada anteriormente. A título de conclusão, abordamos o cenário atual dos debates da historiografia para especular acerca do futuro do campo do conhecimento e do ofício do historiador. / This work proposes the study of the idea of the “end of History“, as it is presented by the North American political scientist Francis Fukuyama. At first, we delimit the concept from his original article The End of History?, published in 1989, and from his following publications, up to his 1992 book The End of History and the Last Man. In the second part, after contrasting Fukuyama’s idea to Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” paradigm, we put the conceptual structure proposed by Fukuyama alongside topics regarding theory of history and history of historiography related to the modern concept of History and its eventual exhaustion, already signaled by several authors. The third part approaches the long course of Fukuyama’s work regarding “the end of History”, after the repercussion of his initial article up until the present days, looking for eventual innovations in the conceptual structure previously designed. For the sake of conclusion, we approach the current debates around the topic, to speculate about the future of the field of knowledge and the role attributed to the professional historian.

The thesis traces the evolving attitudes towards rhetoric in the highly-rhetorised English-language prose of the late sixteenth century by focusing on a term that was itself subject to significant change: 'wit'. To wit's pre-existing denotations of intellectual acumen, capacity for reason and good judgement was added a novel meaning, related to the capacity for producing lively speech. As a term encompassing widely divergent meanings, many Elizabethan and early Stuart works explored 'wit' as a central theme or treated the term as significant to explorations of the human mind, its capacity for rhetoric, and the social and moral dimensions of this relationship. The research centres on how 'wit' is seen and how it corresponds to rhetorical wittiness as produced in practice, and questions the implications of this for understanding the social and moral dimensions of the authorial wit. By focusing on the early vernacular manuals of rhetoric by author such as Thomas Wilson and Roger Ascham, on Lyly's and Greene's euphuist prose, and on Thomas Lodge's and Sir Philip Sidney's prose defences of poetry, the first half of the thesis explores the term's conceptual ambiguity. Potentially both reformative and deceptive, this ambiguity becomes a useful tool for the author looking to construct a profitable persona as a Wit, or a brilliant-yet-unruly master of rhetoric. The second half of the research notes how 'wit' tends to outlive its usefulness as a multivalent term in later writings when these seek to move away from the social commodification of an author's rhetoric. Examining Sidney's theological and political aims in The New Arcadia, Thomas Nashe's carnivalesque questioning of the idea of profit, and Francis Bacon's systematic interpretation of Nature, the research suggests that rhetoric and 'wit' maintain both their significance and their ambiguity into the seventeenth century. A meta-rhetorical signpost, 'wit' comes to reflect through its use and disuse both the issues at hand and the inherent self-reflexivity of any attempt to deal directly with rhetoric.

This thesis explores the disciplinary relationship between natural philosophy (the study of nature or body) and theology (the study of the divine) in seventeenth-century England. Early modern disciplines had two essential functions. First, they set the rules and boundaries of argument – knowledge was therefore legitimised and made intelligible within disciplinary contexts. And second, disciplines structured pedagogy, parcelling knowledge so it could be studied and taught. This dual role meant disciplines were epistemic and social structures. They were composed of various elements, and consequently, they related to one another in a variety of complex ways. As such, the contestability of early modern knowledge was reflected in contestability of disciplines – their content and boundaries. Francis Bacon, Thomas White, Henry More and John Locke are the focus of the four chapters respectively, with Joseph Glanvill, Thomas Hobbes, other Cambridge divines, and a variety of medieval scholastic authors providing context, comparison and reinforcement. These case studies offer a cross-section of seventeenth-century thought and belief; they embody different professional and institutional interests, and represent an array of philosophical, theological and religious positions. Nevertheless, each of them, in different ways, and to different effect, put the relationship between natural philosophy and theology at the heart of their intellectual endeavours. Together, they demonstrate that, in seventeenth-century England, natural philosophy and theology were in flux, and that their disciplinary relationship was complex, entailing degrees of overlap and alienation. Primarily, natural philosophy and theology investigated the nature and constitution of the world, and, together, determined the relationship between its constituent parts – natural and divine. However, they also reflected the scope of man’s cognitive faculties, establishing which bits of the world were knowable, and outlining the grounds for, and appropriate degrees of, certainty and belief. Thus, both disciplines, and their relationship with one another, contributed to broad discussions about, truth, certainty and opinion. This, in turn, established normative guidelines. To some extent, the rightness or wrongness of belief and behaviour was determined by particular definitions of, and relationship between, natural philosophy and theology. Consequently, man’s place in the world – his relationship with nature, God and his fellow man – was triangulated through these disciplines.

The aim of the present thesis is to analyze the works of the composers belonging to the groupe referred to as Les Six (G. Auric, D. Milhaud, L. Durey, A. Honegger, F. Poulenc a G. Tailleferre), with particular reference for the compositions written for flute. In the opening part of the text, we concentrate on delimiting the cultural and artistic context in which the group in question was established, including the musical (collaboration with E. Satie) and literary (J. Cocteau) influences. In the following part, we present a brief individual chapter on each of the members, provide a fundamental information on his/her life and work and propose a more detailed analysis of the compositions for flute.

- Educators in the Service of the Throne. Private Teachers of the Austrian- Hungarian Imperial Heirs Several potential successors were growing up during the lengthy reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I. But two of them, the Emperor's own son Crown Prince Rudolph and his nephew Franz Ferdinand, could never ascend to the throne due to their premature deaths. His grandnephew, Archduke Charles Franz Joseph, claimed the throne in the tense times of the First World War. For a would-be successor, not only military education was essential, but also language skills and such subjects as history, law and economy that the future ruler of a vast and ethnically diverse state was expected to have a good command of. This paper focuses on the lives of teachers who attended both the Emperor's and the Archduke's courts.

The diploma thesis deals with the medieval controversy over the stigmata of Francis of Assisi. The religious phenomenon of the stigmata is viewed from the point of view of the general development of the spirituality in the High Middle Ages. The work tries to respect the chronological development of the polemics and, accordingly, also focuses on the progress of the Franciscan reflection of the stigmata. One of the chapters is dedicated to the analysis of the origins of the Franciscan tradition of the founder's stigmata. Subsequently, the work describes the resistance against the cult of the stigmatized saint from the point of view of the Franciscan sources and papal bulls, defending the authenticity of the stigmata. The penultimate chapter is dedicated to the development of the Franciscan theology of the stigmata, which resulted in the exaltation of the founder and his order. On the grounds of this development, the stigmata became the subject of rivalry between the Franciscans and the Dominicans, as discussed in the last chapter.

In this doctoral thesis, The Spirituality and Mysticism of Nature in the Early Franciscan Tradition, I have begun with an attempt to clarify the notions of spirituality and mysticism. The former, was seen as an approach to God embodied in outlook, practice and lifestyle, and the latter, mysticism, was defined as a felt awareness and knowledge of the presence of God. My hypothesis is that nature played a very important part in both the spirituality and mysticism of Saint Francis of Assisi, and in the spirituality of the movement he founded. In a systematic attempt to investigate my theme, I began with a study of the chief places associated with Francis. They present a kind of mirror of his soul and reveal, I believe, a good deal about his outlook and way of living. They tend to be remote and solitary places, often high in the mountains or near water, often desolate and harsh and usually beautiful, and what was later to become known as `romantic'. I turned then to the world of nature, beginning with the celestial bodies, sun, moon and the stars, and the elements of the sub-lunar world. The world of living things, fruits and flowers, animals, wild beasts and tame, fish and birds was examined. Nearly all the evidence here came from that collection of Franciscan stories and anecdotes which forms one of the great treasuries of stories in world literature. The fourth chapter was devoted to the poetry of Francis, above all to the Praises of God and The Canticle of the Creatures. After examining the circumstances of its composition, I took the stanzas one by one and examined them in the light of what they reveal of Francis spirituality and mysticism. The purpose of chapter five was to gather the fruits of my research and evaluate the hypothesis I proposed. I concluded that Francis, incorporated nature into his spirituality and mysticism in a very original way. I hold that Francis was a great nature mystic, and that his nature spirituality is still full of vigor and potential for the future. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / (D.Th. (Christian Spirituality))

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_pa_me_arafcl.pdf: 1021283 bytes, checksum: 06b15fe29eb57b6663ed2afffa881c59 (MD5) / O muriliano Poliedro (1972) e o pongiano Le parti pris des choses (1942) conformam as bases deste trabalho. Com efeito, a pergunta que se faz, quando da menção às obras e aos autores, é da alçada mesmo de sua natureza e da de seus criadores: em que se afinam ou se distanciam Murilo Mendes e Francis Ponge? Considerando as duas obras, é visível o embate entre prosa e poesia, a vontade do (in)acabamento do poema, as inclinações dicionarescas, a presença da coisa, do objeto (como fundador daquilo que ali se instaura), a aparição do natural, o humor muito marcado, dentre tantas outras aproximações. Todavia, mais importante é o distanciamento entre os dois poetas: um Murilo Mendes que ainda traz muito da doutrina católica, que ainda deve ao Surrealismo e suas técnicas, um essencialista, um crítico da bomba atômica e do momento presente; e um Francis Ponge, poeta das coisas (que vai às coisas, para falar com a fenomenologia), da linguagem enxuta que mostra (esconde) o objeto, que estabelece o jogo entre palavra e objeto, um declarado anti-poeta. Este trabalho tem por objetivo uma leitura comparada entre Poliedro e Le parti pris des choses e o fim último de que três pontos sejam analisados: a relação entre eu-lírico e coisa e suas implicações (em que pese o grau de objetividade ou subjetividade); a tese de que, em tais universos poéticos, o poema é objeto entre outros objetos – tornando-se um texto-coisa, um poema-objeto; e, finalmente, como este se coloca no mundo, na realidade em que se insere / Murilo Mendes’ Poliedro (1972) and Francis Ponge’s Le parti pris des choses (1942) are the base of this paper. The question efectively made when both works and authors are mentioned concern the same nature and its creators: in what aspects are Murilo Mendes and Francis Ponge brought close and apart? Considering both works it is clear the collision between prose and poetry, the willing of an (un)finished poem, the disposition towards the dictionary meaning, the presence of the thing, the object (as the founder of what is installed there), the appearance of the natural, a very distinguished humor, among other similarities. Nonetheless, what brings the authors apart is more important: Murilo Mendes is still very connected to the Catholic believes that is still a reflection of Surrealism and its techniques, a essencialist, a critic of the atomic bomb and the present moment; and Francis Ponge, poet of the things (that goes to things to talk about phenomenology), with a clean language that shows (hides) the object, that establishes a game between word and object, a stated anti-poet. This work aims a compared reading of Poliedro and Le parti des choses and the analysis of three subjects: the relation between lyric self and thing and its implications (considering the level of objectivity and subjectivity); the theory, in these poetic universes, that the poem is the object among other objects, becoming a text-thing, a poem-object; and, finally, how it is placed in the world, the reality in which we can insert it

Submitted by Patricia Aparecida Antonio (gafinha@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-20T19:00:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patricia.antonio.tese.2016.pdf: 9361254 bytes, checksum: c219c8de22a557bfc62e6962d2bc67d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-21T16:54:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_pa_dr_arafc.pdf: 9361254 bytes, checksum: c219c8de22a557bfc62e6962d2bc67d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T16:54:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonio_pa_dr_arafc.pdf: 9361254 bytes, checksum: c219c8de22a557bfc62e6962d2bc67d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo observar como opera a pendularidade entre poesia e crítica da poesia na obra de Murilo Mendes (1901-1975) e Francis Ponge (1899-1988). O brasileiro e o francês procedem à fusão de discurso da obra e discurso sobre a obra num movimento em que sujeito lírico e crítico (eles mesmos ficcionais) se encontram em permanente tensão. Entendendo poesia e crítica como atividades reflexivas fundamentadas na linguagem, as questões principais às quais pretendemos nos lançar são: a) Como se configura e opera pendularidade e indistinção entre discurso poético e crítico em Murilo Mendes e Francis Ponge? b) Como se configura a voz poético-crítica para se adequar a um ato de dupla face como esse? c) O que se depreende da aproximação ou do distanciamento da conduta lírico-crítica, levando-se em consideração subjetividade e objetividade? Nesse sentido, esta Tese busca ler comparativamente os dois poetas tendo por horizonte poesia e crítica enquanto atos indistintos, de caráter inacabado, em que autor e leitor participam ativamente. Assim, os poemas aparecem como atos que configuram uma prática literária, que é lírica, crítica e criativa, a um só tempo. No centro dessa prática, os sujeitos lírico-críticos manipulam a criação partindo de um corpo-a-corpo com o texto, como fica claro com as obras que selecionamos para este estudo: de Murilo Mendes, O discípulo de Emaús (1945), Convergência (1970), Poliedro (1972) e Retratos-relâmpago (1973); de Francis Ponge, Proêmes (1948), Méthodes (1961), Pour un Malherbe (1965) e La table (1981). Poesia e crítica, então, podem ser compreendidas no sentido da poiesis, de uma construção que coloca em crise (cuja raiz etimológica é a mesma que a da palavra crítica) o lírico, o crítico, a prosa, a poesia, bem como uma ideia fechada de literatura e de gêneros literários. / This study aims at observing how the pendularity between poetry and poetry criticism operates in the work of Murilo Mendes (1901-1975) and Francis Ponge (1899-1988). The Brazilian and the French merge the work’s speech and the speech about the work into a movement in which the lyrical and the critical subject (fictional themselves) find each other in constant tension. Having the understanding of poetry and criticism as reflective activities based in language, the main questions we intend to present are: a) How is the pendularity and indistinctness between poetic and critical speech designed and operated for Murilo Mendes and Francis Ponge? b) How is the poetical and critical voice designed to fit a double-sided act as this one? c) What is interpreted from the approach and distancing from the critical and lyrical behavior, taking into consideration subjectivity and objectivity? On this regard, this Thesis seeks a comparative reading of both poets, having as an outlook, poetry and criticism as indistinct acts of unfinished character in which author and reader are active participants. Thus, the poems are shown as acts that design a literary practice which is lyrical, critical and creative, all at the same time. At the center of this practice, the lyrical and critical subjects manipulate the creation by jostling with the text, as seen in the pieces we have selected for this study: Murilo Mendes’ O discípulo de Emaús (1945), Convergência (1970), Poliedro (1972) and Retratos-relâmpago (1973); and Francis Ponge’s Proêmes (1948), Méthodes (1961), Pour un Malherbe (1965) and La table (1981). Therefore, poetry and criticism can be understood in the same meaning as poiesis, a construction that sets into crisis (whose etymological root is the same as the critical word) the lyrical, the critical, the prose, the poetry as well as an idea of closed literature and literary genders. / Ce travail a pour objectif d’observer comment opère le pendule entre poésie et critique de poésie dans l’œuvre de Murilo Mendes (1901-1975) et Francis Ponge (1899-1988). Le Brésilien et le Français procèdent à la fusion de discours de l’œuvre et discours sur l’œuvre dans un mouvement dans lequel le sujet lyrique et le critique (eux-mêmes fictionnels) se trouvent en une permanente tension. En comprenant poésie et critique comme des activités réflexives fondées sur le langage, voici les questions principales auxquelles nous prétendons nous lancer : a) Comment se configure et opère le pendule et l’indistinction entre discours poétique et critique chez Murilo Mendes et Francis Ponge ? b) Comment se configure la voix poétique-critique pour s’adapter à cet acte à double-face ? c) Qu’est-ce qu’on peut conclure de l’approximation ou du recul de la démarche lyrico-critique, quand on considère subjectivité et objectivité ? À cet égard, cette Thèse cherche une lecture comparative de poètes, en ayant pour horizon la poésie et la critique comme des actes indistincts, de nature inachevée, dans lesquels auteur et lecteur participent activement. Ainsi, les poèmes apparaissent comme des actes qui configurent une pratique littéraire critique, lyrique et créative en même temps. Au centre de cette pratique, les sujets lyrico-critiques manipulent la création par un corps à corps avec le texte, comme nous pouvons le voir nettement dans le corpus de ce travail : de Murilo Mendes, O discípulo de Emaús (1945), Convergência (1970), Poliedro (1972) et Retratos-relâmpago (1973) ; de Francis Ponge, Proêmes (1948), Méthodes (1961), Pour un Malherbe (1965) et La table (1981). De cette manière, la poésie et la critique peuvent être comprises au sens de la poiesis, d’une construction qui porte la crise (dont la racine étymologique est la même que celle de critique) du lyrique, du critique, de la prose, de la poésie, aussi bien qu’une idée fermée de la littérature et des genres littéraires.

Este trabalho propõe o estudo da ideia de “fim da História”, conforme apresentada pelo cientista político norte-americano Francis Fukuyama. Em um primeiro momento, delimitamos seu conceito de “fim da História” a partir do artigo original The End of History?, de 1989, e de suas publicações seguintes, até o livro The End of History and the Last Man, de 1992. Na segunda parte, após contrastar a ideia ao paradigma de “choque de civilizações”, de Samuel Huntington, aproximamos a estrutura conceitual proposta por Fukuyama de tópicos da teoria da história e história da historiografia relacionados ao conceito moderno de História e sua eventual exaustão identificada por diversos autores. No terceiro momento, o trabalho aborda o percurso da obra de Fukuyama após a repercussão inicial de sua proposta de “fim da História”, até os dias de hoje, buscando eventuais novidades à estrutura conceitual delimitada anteriormente. A título de conclusão, abordamos o cenário atual dos debates da historiografia para especular acerca do futuro do campo do conhecimento e do ofício do historiador. / This work proposes the study of the idea of the “end of History“, as it is presented by the North American political scientist Francis Fukuyama. At first, we delimit the concept from his original article The End of History?, published in 1989, and from his following publications, up to his 1992 book The End of History and the Last Man. In the second part, after contrasting Fukuyama’s idea to Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations” paradigm, we put the conceptual structure proposed by Fukuyama alongside topics regarding theory of history and history of historiography related to the modern concept of History and its eventual exhaustion, already signaled by several authors. The third part approaches the long course of Fukuyama’s work regarding “the end of History”, after the repercussion of his initial article up until the present days, looking for eventual innovations in the conceptual structure previously designed. For the sake of conclusion, we approach the current debates around the topic, to speculate about the future of the field of knowledge and the role attributed to the professional historian.