”Chock” är reaktionen på Francis Bacons måleri som såväl konstnären som kritiker och betraktare återkommer till. Hans uttalade ambition att orsaka en chock direkt i nervsystemet fick honom att medvetet gillra fällor som avses slå igen i exakt rätt ögonblick hos betraktaren innan denne hinner intellektualisera kring hans verk. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur han gillrade dessa fällor och varför de fungerar. Den fenomenologiska förklaringsmodellen av en upplevelse grundar sig i att kunskapen och erfarenheterna lagrar sig i betraktarens kropp snarare än i dess sinne och används här som beskrivande teori för att åskådliggöra hur Bacons verk upplevs i kroppen. Maurice Merleau-Ponty och Gilles Deleuze studier i fenomenologi inom konsten ligger till grund för hur detta resonemang förs. Francis Bacons arbetsmetoder, som delvis baseras på förvrängningar och bearbetningar av fotografier, har påvisats av Katharina Günther i hennes arbete med att katalogisera Bacons kvarlåtenskap och belyser i uppsatsen hans medvetna strategi att skapa anatomiska asymmetrier. Dessa påverkar i sin tur exponeringsprocesser i vår hjärna som resulterar i den chock som Bacon avsåg, vilket de två neurobiologerna Semir Zeki och Tomohiro Ishizu visar i sin studie som förklaras i uppsatsen.

The use of renewable energy such as water and wind to produce electricity has been proven extremely effective in Sweden. The ability of these renewable resources to produce clean output energy counters the adversities caused by non-renewable resources. The use of hydraulic turbines is a good example of favoured technique for energy and power production using renewable resources. The hydro-turbines are designed to operate at best efficiency point (BEP). Varying energy demands in recent years implies on the need of flexible operation of hydraulic turbines. The issue of pressure pulsations in the draft tube of hydro-turbines, observed at lower operating conditions has been unresolved for many years. These pressure pulsations are related to the ‘rotating vortex rope’ (RVR) observed at part load operation and, affects the lifespan and performance of the hydro-turbine adversely. Several techniques have been investigated in the past to reduce the pressure pulsations in the draft tube at part load operation and enhance the flexibility of the turbine. During the present research study, a passive flow control technique was investigated numerically by implementing a guide vane system in the draft tube of the Francis-99model turbine. Guide vanes are mechanical devices that can direct the flow in a desired direction. The current study presents the possibility of reducing the pressure pulsations in the draft tube by mitigating the RVR using a guide vane system in the draft tube. At the initial stages of the research study, a reduced numerical model of the Francis model turbine was developed by only considering the draft tube domain. The motive was to develop a reduced model to perform the parametric analysis for the guide vane system in the draft tube with reduced computational time, power, and storage. The results obtained from the numerical study were found to be in good agreement with theFrancis-99 semi-model with passage domains. A parametric study was performed to achieve a guide vane system design that could mitigate RVR with minimum losses. During this study, the number of guide vanes, the chord and the span of the guide vanes were investigated. It was found that a set of three guide vane system with chord of 86% of runner radius and leading-edge span of 30% of runner radius is an ideal design that mitigates RVR above 95%.

<p> This dissertation examines the centrality of the soul-body relationship to the construction of identity in English Renaissance religious poetry. The expanding field of 'body criticism' has greatly increased our understanding of the early modern body, but critics have rarely considered how Christianity influenced the ways the early moderns thought about their bodies and their embodied souls at a time when the science of anatomy flourished in Europe. Consequently, our current perception of the early modern subject is skewed. This dissertation addresses this critical gap by exploring the persistence of Christian narratives in discussions of both the body and the soul throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The first two chapters address two interrelated question: how did early modern anatomists understand the soul, and how did early modern religious writers understand the body? This dissertation begins by examining the religious perspectives that are evident in English anatomical writing and then moves on to explore the presence of anatomical perspectives in English religious writing on the soul in order to discuss the intimate relationship between corporeality and spirituality. The final two chapters focus on the devotional poetry of An Collins and the devotional emblems of Francis Quarles in order to demonstrate the integration of a Christianized sense of corporeality into meditations on religious subjectivity. Both writers draw on the issues discussed in the first two chapters but represent corporeality differently. On the one hand, Collins transforms physical suffering into a sign of her salvation. On the other hand, Quarles expresses anxiety over the world's ability to infect the soul through the body. In both cases, the relationship between body and soul is a central concern, and their representation of that relationship is indebted to a Christianized sense of embodiment. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Le présent travail concerne la connaissance humaine, telle que comprise par Bernard Lonergan. Ce dernier a proposé de concevoir la connaissance de la connaissance comme une quête, et de définir celle-ci comme une recherche de l'inconnu. Qu'est-ce que la connaissance? Cette question vise le sens de toute recherche et elle est problématique lorsque l'on ne sait pas comment y répondre. Avec l'intention d'expliquer la solution que l'on peut trouver chez Lonergan concernant cette question de la connaissance, nous aborderons la dynamique cognitive des sujets qui connaissent. Nous étudierons ces processus cognitifs en effectuant une division en trois catégories principales, qui correspondent à l'attention aux données, aux activités de l'intelligence et aux activités de la réflexion. Nous nous engagerons alors dans une recherche qui envisage la connaissance comme une activité, c'est-à-dire comme une démarche des sujets qui désirent connaître. De ce point de vue, connaître, c'est pratiquer une série d'activités récurrentes. Ces activités, en plus d'être décrites telles qu'elles peuvent apparaître au sujet connaissant si celui-ci est attentif à ce qui se passe en lui-même, seront expliquées par les relations intelligibles qui les unissent selon le modèle de Lonergan. Sans trop attendre, nous allons considérer la source de ces activités, c'est-à-dire que le sujet sera envisagé comme étant lui-même l'objet à connaître, tout en étant celui qui connaît. Il sera alors question de la possibilité d'une connaissance objective de soi-même, en tant que sujet connaissant. Cette analyse nous amènera vers une étude de la conscience intelligente et rationnelle, et de l'affirmation de soi de cette conscience. En étudiant ce processus, nous serons contraints d'admettre que cette affirmation ne peut qu'être rationnelle, et que ce jugement, qui peut être formulé par l'expression «je suis un sujet intelligent et rationnel », implique ses propres conditions de vérité lorsqu'il est effectué concrètement. Le sujet connaissant, qui est aussi un sujet conscient d'être connaissant, peut vérifier cette thèse par introspection, et affirmer catégoriquement son contenu. Cette affirmation de soi de la conscience rationnelle permet à la conscience de répondre à l'invitation de Lonergan, et de réaliser sa responsabilité relativement aux positions qu'elle soutient. Si elle accepte cette invitation à croître, cette conscience se développera et le sujet connaissant s'habilitera à discerner les positions qui encouragent son propre développement. Cette aptitude sera tout particulièrement importante dans sa vie reflexive lorsqu'elle s'appliquera à évaluer les thèses fondamentales de son rapport au réel. Nous pourrons alors conclure : si « je » suis bien le fondement de ma connaissance des choses, et si ma relation au réel tient de ma propre compréhension et de mon propre jugement, alors je suis responsable de mon propre rapport à moi-même, au monde et à l'existence en général.

Cette recherche a pour but d’identifier une personnalité féminine révisionniste dans le modernisme littéraire américain. Cette personnalité révisionniste a pour nom «American Eve» et défie le «American Adam» qui est un personnage mythique patriarcal de R.W.B. Lewis provenant du dix-neuvième siècle. Cette conceptualisation est accomplie à l’aide d’une analyse socio-critique et comparative des trois protagonistes féminins dans les romans modernes The Awakening (1899) de Kate Chopin, The Sun Also Rises (1926) d’Ernest Hemingway, et The Great Gatsby (1925) de F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ma construction de cette personnalité féminine est divisée en trois chapitres, chacun étant dédié à un protagoniste en particulier. En comparant ces personnages littéraires sur un plan socio-critique et féministe, je permets à mon étude d’établir en quoi les personnages en question contribuent ou ne contribuent pas à la personnalité de «American Eve». Cette approche comparative est un excellent moyen d’évaluer l’évolution du potentiel révisionniste de la femme au vingtième siècle et les différentes façons par lesquelles elle emploie ce pouvoir.

In this doctoral thesis, The Spirituality and Mysticism of Nature in the Early Franciscan Tradition, I have begun with an attempt to clarify the notions of spirituality and mysticism. The former, was seen as an approach to God embodied in outlook, practice and lifestyle, and the latter, mysticism, was defined as a felt awareness and knowledge of the presence of God. My hypothesis is that nature played a very important part in both the spirituality and mysticism of Saint Francis of Assisi, and in the spirituality of the movement he founded. In a systematic attempt to investigate my theme, I began with a study of the chief places associated with Francis. They present a kind of mirror of his soul and reveal, I believe, a good deal about his outlook and way of living. They tend to be remote and solitary places, often high in the mountains or near water, often desolate and harsh and usually beautiful, and what was later to become known as `romantic'. I turned then to the world of nature, beginning with the celestial bodies, sun, moon and the stars, and the elements of the sub-lunar world. The world of living things, fruits and flowers, animals, wild beasts and tame, fish and birds was examined. Nearly all the evidence here came from that collection of Franciscan stories and anecdotes which forms one of the great treasuries of stories in world literature. The fourth chapter was devoted to the poetry of Francis, above all to the Praises of God and The Canticle of the Creatures. After examining the circumstances of its composition, I took the stanzas one by one and examined them in the light of what they reveal of Francis spirituality and mysticism. The purpose of chapter five was to gather the fruits of my research and evaluate the hypothesis I proposed. I concluded that Francis, incorporated nature into his spirituality and mysticism in a very original way. I hold that Francis was a great nature mystic, and that his nature spirituality is still full of vigor and potential for the future. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / (D.Th. (Christian Spirituality))

Thesis (MA (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation investigates the different forms of otherness and alterity (“Fremde”) in Bulgarian born German author, Ilija Trojanow’s novel, Der Weltensammler (2006). In this novel, alterity, as portrayed by Trojanow, is read as threatening and uncanny (“unheimlich”), on the one hand, and fascinating on the other. The novel, Der Weltensammler, translated by William Hobson and published under the title The Collector of Worlds (2008), narrates the life of the historical figure Sir Richard Francis Burton. Burton, a colonist, traveller and explorer, undertakes a journey across continents: British-India, Arabia and East Africa. As one of the first Europeans to do so, Burton - disguised and converted to Islam - undertakes a pilgrimage to Mecca. Like the title of the novel suggests, Burton is a contradictory man who not only collects worlds, but also obsessively adopts the cultures of the colonised. However, this British officer’s bizarre lifestyle and unusual ability to adapt to and adopt the foreign world raises certain questions regarding the relationship between coloniser and colonised. More importantly, he grapples with the portrayal of otherness. Throughout the novel both the narrator and a writer (the Lahiya) try to put together the pieces of Burton’s life. As the narrator warns in the preface of his novel, Burton remains an enigma. His antipodes are another historical figure, the former slave Sidi Mubarak Bombay and his servant Naukaram. Unlike in Burton’s and Stanley’s travel diaries where Bombay takes a marginalised position, he comes to the fore in Der Weltensammler. Though Burton appears to become part of the foreign world, it is the change of narrative perspectives between coloniser and colonised that puts their relation into question, thereby dissolving binary opposites. This thesis begins with a general discussion of the novel and its significance within German post-colonial literature. The study moves on to a discussion of the discourses surrounding the concept of alterity, identifying one key form of alterity, namely mimicry, a term borrowed from the theorist Homi K. Bhabha. The greater part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of the novel. The first part deals with the analysis of alterity and otherness by focussing attention on the portrayal of otherness as threatening and fascinating, the concept of mimicry, and finally, Burton’s transformation. The second part investigates the process of re-writing that takes place and the manner in which alterity is portrayed in the novel paying particular attention to the relation between author, writer and narrator. Following this analysis of alterity and its rewriting, this thesis moves to the more general question of how Ilija Trojanow’s novel, Der Weltensammler, functions as a refutation (Gegenschrift/Kampfabsage) of Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Relying on the words of Stephen Slemon, this study finally questions whether this novel can be read as another “scramble for post-colonialism”. Based on the theoretical framework developed on the concept of culture by Homi K. Bhabha on the one hand and the insights on cultures by Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski on the other, this study demonstrates how it is through the processes of revision and re-writing of literary borrowings, e.g. Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness (1899), that the concept of alterity is redefined and the novel in itself gains a post-colonial voice. Furthermore, this thesis shows how otherness is deconstructed to such an extent that it is not difference that is highlighted, but instead a literary model for the co-existence of cultures. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is ‘n studie van die verskillende fasette van vreemde, die onbekende en alteriteit (“Fremde”) in die Duits-Bulgaarse skrywer, Ilija Trojanow se roman Der Weltensammler (2006). In hierdie roman word alteriteit, soos deur Trojanow uitgebeeld, gelees as bedreigend en unheimlich, en gelyktydig as fassinerend. Die Roman, Der Weltensammler, deur William Hobson vertaal as The Collector of Worlds (2008), beskryf die lewe van die historiese figuur Sir Richard Francis Burton. Hy onderneem as kolonis en ontdekkingsreisiger ‘n reis regoor verskeie kontinente: Brits-Indië, Arabië en Oos-Afrika. Vermom en bekeer tot Islam, onderneem hy as een van die eerste Europeërs ‘n pelgrimstog na Mekka. Soos deur die titel van die roman gesuggereer word, is Burton op sigself ’n ambivalente karakter wat nie net wêrelde nie, maar ook die kulture van die gekoloniseerdes approprieer. Dit is juis hierdie Britse offisier se vreemde leefstyl en buitengewone vermoë om die vreemde toe te eien, wat sekere vrae ten opsigte van die verhouding tussen die kolonisator en die gekoloniseerde laat ontstaan. Van grootste belang vir hierdie analise is veral die uitbeelding van die vreemde. Deurgaans poog die verteller en ‘n skribent (die Lahiya) om uitsluitsel oor Burton se lewe te kry. Soos die verteller alreeds in die voorwoord van sy roman waarsku, bly Burton egter ‘n enigma. Sy teenpole is die ander minder bekende historiese figuur, die gemarginaliseerde en voormalige slaaf Sidi Mubarak Bombay en sy bediende Naukaram. Anders as in onder andere Burton en Stanley se reisbeskrywings waar Bombay slegs ‘n randverskynsel is, kry hy nuwe betekenis in Trojanow se roman. Ofskoon Burton deel van die vreemde blyk te word, word die verhouding tussen die kolonisator en die gekoloniseerde veral bevraagteken deur die verandering van narratiewe perspektiewe. Terselfdertyd word binêre opposisies gedekonstrueer. Die tesis word ingelei deur ‘n algemene oorsig van die roman en sy betekenis binne die konteks van Duitse postkoloniale literatuur. Na afloop van die oorsig, volg ‘n bespreking van die diskoerse rondom die konsep alteriteit. Die klem val hier veral op een spesifieke vorm van alteriteit, naamlik mimiek, ‘n term ontleen aan die teoretikus Homi K. Bhabha. Die grootste deel van die tesis word gewy aan die analise van die roman. In die eerste deel van die analise word die konsep alteriteit onder die loep geneem. Die klem val hier veral op die uitbeelding van die vreemde as bedreigend en fassinerend, mimiek and laastens Burton se gedaanteverwisseling. Die tweede deel van die analise fokus deurentyd op die verhouding tussen die skrywer, skribent en verteller en bestudeer veral die herskrywingsproses (re-writing) wat plaasvind en die wyse waarop alteriteit beskryf word. Deur die loop van die studie volg die meer algemene vraagstuk van hoe Ilija Trojanow se roman Der Weltensammler beskou kan word as ‘n weerlegging (Gegenschrift/Kampfabsage) van Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. Laastens word op Stephen Slemon se algemene vraagstuk gesteun of die roman beskou kan word as ‘n “scramble for postcolonialism”. Hierdie analise word volgens die teoretiese raamwerke van twee outeurs nl. Homi K. Bhabha en die Poolse verslaggewer Ryszard Kapuscinski ondersoek. Dit is veral deur die proses revisie en die herskrywing van literêre ontlenings, bv. Joseph Conrad se Heart of Darkness (1899), dat die begrip alteriteit geherdefinieer word en die roman op sigself ‘n postkoloniale perspektief inneem.Vervolgens word die begrippe vreemde en alteriteit tot so ‘n mate gedekonstrueer deurdat die aandag nie op ongelykheid val nie, maar ‘n literêre model vir die naasbestaan van kulture ontskep word.