Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-15T14:23:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_KellyCristineZatta.pdf: 2655855 bytes, checksum: 40a81657cb3b6d7945a2bc834a0dacb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T14:23:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_KellyCristineZatta.pdf: 2655855 bytes, checksum: 40a81657cb3b6d7945a2bc834a0dacb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-21 / Keeping in mind the problematic that photoaging and hyperpigmentation represent, the development of a topical formulation containing vitamin C (ascorbyl palmitate) and açai oil associated to nanoparticules may represent a protection of the cellular membrane against oxidation, due to a better permeation and the synergic acting of both active. This study has as its objective the development and the characterization of cream-gel formulations containing ascorbyl palmitate associated to nanocarriers, in the presence or absence of the açai oil as the oily nucleus. Associated to that, the stability of the freeze-dried nanocoated active was tested after the incorporation in a silicon basis. Suspensions containing the AP associated t o the nanocapsules (NCAP), nanoemulsions (NEAP) and nanodispersions (NDAP) were developed, being the latter used as active protection comparative parameter without the active (NCBC). With the purpose of assessing the influence of the water on the stability of the active, AP was incorporated in a methanolic solution (SMAP), to which was put in an aging study during 30 days in environment temperature (22 ºC + 2 ºC), refrigeration (4 ºC + 2 ºC), greenhouse (40 ºC + 2 ºC) and chamber UVC (254 nm), along with the formulations cited previously. The sample characterizations was carried out soon after its obtaining and on days 7, 15, 21 and 30, as to the AP content quantification, average particle diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential and pH. The NCAP, NEAP, NCBC suspensions were incorporated in semi-solid basis of Hostacerin SAF® cream-gel and later stored for the accelerated aging study (21 days) and alternated cycles of heating-cooling, which were analysed at the beginning and end of this period through the determination of the particle average diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, active content quantification, organoleptic characteristic determination, spreadability determination and rheological behavior, and centrifugation test. NCAP and NCBC suspension samples were freeze-dried and incorporated to the silicon base (CSNCAPLIO and CSNBCLIO, respectively), and stored in heating-freezing cycles. In this same basis, the active in the free form (CSAP) was incorporated. Soon after its obtaining, the suspensions presented active content equal to 97,51%±0,93 to NCAP, 80,68% + 1,25 to NEAP and 83,10% + 3,10 to NDAP, and remaining desirable paramaters to nanometric systems. However, in the 30th day of storing, all the physical-chemical characteristics suffered significant alteration, being evident in the active loss, which was detected only in the NCAP and NEAP samples conditioned under refrigeration (24,42 % + 1,0 e 21,37 % + 1,27,, respectively). Contrasting with these results, the SMAP kept the active stable and in effective concentrations during 90 days of storing, revealing the fragility of the AP structure in the presence of an aqueous environment. As to the cream-gel formulations, all presented physical-chemical parameters appropriate for the nanoparticle formulations and slightly acid pH, satisfactory for the structure of the active in the non-dissociated form (smaller than the AP pKa value), homogeneous aspect of the sensorial optimum. For those, a proper spreadability was obtained, considering the function and action local, intended. The formulation rheogram demonstrated to have a non-Newtonian character and pseudoplastic flux, which is desired in pharmaceutical formulations, for the initial resistance for the semi-solid formulation to flow diminished, reflecting the application easiness. The greatest active concentration for the samples containing the nanocoated active was obtained, suggesting a greater initial protection of the active in the presence of polymer film and the açai oil. However, at the end of the 21-day period, it was verified the destabilization of the formulation containing the active by the total freeze-drying of those, not being possible to carry out the final tests. The cream in silicone basis samples were analyzed only according to the active content soon after the incorporation of the freeze-dried, which demonstrated an average initial loss of 30% under the previous to the freeze-drying quantification, while for the sample containing the free active, the initial content was superior. This result may be justified possibly by the prolonged exposition to humidity and light during the freeze-drying process. After the 7-day storing in ES, the essay was repeated, obtaining for the CSNAPLIO an average of 15 % + 2,03 of AP content, being that for the CSAP the quantification due to the active oxidation total was not possible. These data restate the destabilization of the active faced with the heat, even for the water free formulation. From the obtained results it was possible to verify the AP instability faced with the heat, light and water conditions. However, keeping in mind its therapy potentiality t is considered relevant to the continuity of this research with the purpose of searching for more ascorbyl palmitate stability keeping it viable for topical application. It is suggested the incorporation to the drying of the suspensions for nano-spry-drying and the incorporation of those in different semi-solid basis, with emulsions, silicones and non-ionic bases for the long-term stability study, searching for evidences which take to definite conclusions on the product stability. / Tendo-se em vista a problemática que o fotoenvelhecimento e a hiperpigmentação representam, o desenvolvimento de uma formulação tópica contendo vitamina C (palmitato de ascorbila) e óleo de açaí associada à nanopartículas pode representar a proteção das membranas celulares contra a oxidação, devido à melhor permeação e a atuação sinérgica de ambos os ativos. Este estudo teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e caracterização de formulações de creme-gel contendo palmitato de ascorbila associado à nanocarreadores, na presença e ausência do óleo de açaí como núcleo oleoso. Associado a isso, foi testada a estabilidade de liofilizados do ativo nanoencapsulado após incorporação em base de silicone. Foram desenvolvidas suspensões contendo o AP associado à nanocapsulas (NCAP), nanoemulsões (NEAP) e nanodispersões (NDAP), tendo sido esta última utilizada como parâmetro comparativo de proteção do ativo pela total ausência de filme polimérico e núcleo oleoso. Como branco utilizou-se uma suspensão de nanocápsulas sem o ativo (NCBC). A fim de avaliar a influência da água sobre a estabilidade do ativo, incorporou-se AP em uma solução metanólica (SMAP), a qual foi colocada em estudo de envelhecimento durante 30 dias em temperatura ambiente (22 ºC + 2 ºC), refrigeração (4 ºC + 2 ºC), estufa (40 ºC + 2 ºC) e câmara climatizada UVC (254 nm), juntamente com as formulações citadas anteriormente. A caracterização das amostras foi realizada logo após sua obtenção e nos dias 7, 15, 21 e 30, quanto à quantificação do teor de AP, diâmetro médio de partícula, índice de polidispersão, potencial zeta e pH. As suspensões de NCAP, NEAP, NCBC foram incorporadas em bases semissólidas de creme-gel Hostacerin SAF® e posteriormente armazenadas para estudo de envelhecimento acelerado (21 dias) em ciclos alternados de aquecimento – resfriamento, as quais foram analisadas ao início e final deste período através das determinações de diâmetro médio de partícula, índice de polidispersão, potencial zeta, pH, quantificação do teor de ativo, determinação das características organolépticas, determinação da espalhabilidade e comportamento reológico, e teste de centrifugação. Amostras de suspensões de NCAP e NCBC foram liofilizadas e incorporadas em base de silicone (CSNCAPLIO e CSNCBCLIO, respectivamente), e armazenadas em ciclos de aquecimento-resfriamento. Nesta mesma base, foi incorporado o ativo na forma livre (CSAP). Logo após sua obtenção, as suspensões apresentaram teor de ativo iguais a 97,51% + 0,93 para NCAP, 80,68% + 1,25 para NEAP e 83,10% + 3,10 para NDAP, e demais parâmetros desejáveis para sistemas nanométricos. Contudo, no 30o dia de armazenamento, todas as características físico-químicas sofreram significativa alteração, sendo evidente a perda de ativo, o qual foi detectado somente apenas nas amostras de NCAP e NEAP acondicionadas sob refrigeração (24,42 % + 1,0 e 21,37 % + 1,27, respectivamente). Contrastando com estes resultados, a SMAP manteve o ativo estável e em concentrações efetivas durante 90 dias de armazenamento, revelando a fragilidade da estrutura do AP em presença de meio aquoso. Quanto às formulações de creme-gel, todas apresentaram parâmetros físico-químicos adequados para formulações de nanopartículas e pH levemente ácido, satisfatório para a estrutura do ativo na forma não-dissociada (menor que o valor de pKa do AP), aspecto homogêneo de ótimo sensorial. Para as mesmas obteve-se espalhabilidade adequada, considerando a função e local de ação, pretendidos. O reograma das formulações demonstrou haver caráter não-newtoniano e fluxo pseudoplástico, o qual é desejado em formulações farmacêuticas, pois a resistência inicial para a formulação semissólida fluir diminui, refletindo a facilidade de aplicação. Obteve-se a maior concentração de ativo para as amostras contendo o ativo nanoencapsulado, sugerindo a maior proteção inicial do ativo em presença do filme polimérico e do óleo de açaí. Contudo, ao final do período de 21 dias, verificou-se desestabilização das formulações contendo o ativo pela total liquefação das mesmas, não sendo possível a realização dos testes finais. As amostras de creme em base de silicone foram analisadas somente segundo o teor de ativo logo após a incorporação do liofilizado, o qual demonstrou uma perda inicial média de 30 % sob a quantificação anterior à liofilização, enquanto que para a amostra contendo o ativo livre, o teor inicial foi superior. Este resultado pode ser justificado possivelmente pela exposição prolongada à umidade e luz durante o processo de liofilização. Após os primeiros 7 dias de armazenamento em ES, o ensaio foi repetido, obtendo-se para o CSNCAPLIO uma média de 15 % + 2,03 de teor de AP, sendo que para o CSAP não foi possível a quantificação devido a total oxidação do ativo. Estes dados reafirmam a desestabilização do ativo frente ao calor, mesmo para formulação isenta de água. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível verificar a instabilidade do AP frente a condições de calor, luz e água. Contudo, tendo em vista sua potencialidade terapêutica considera-se relevante a continuidade desta pesquisa de forma a buscar maior estabilidade do palmitato de ascorbila mantendo-o viável para aplicação tópica. Sugere-se a incorporação a secagem das suspensões por nano-spray-drying e incorporação das mesmas em diferentes bases semissólidas, como emulsões, silicones e bases não-iônicas para estudo de estabilidade de longo prazo, buscando indícios que levam a conclusões definitivas sobre a estabilidade do produto.

Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Edinara Adelaide Boss / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Koroishi_ErikaTomie_M.pdf: 3800882 bytes, checksum: 0e28e90526320578e9d289c75f1423b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Liofilização é um processo de separação baseado no fenômeno de sublimação. Devido à ausência de água liquida e as baixas temperaturas requeridas para este processo, a maioria das reações de deterioração e microbiológicas são prevenidas, tornado o produto final excelentes qualidade. Os estágios fundamentais envolvidos no processo de liofilização são: congelamento, estágio de secagem primário que se refere ao estágio no qual a água congelada é removida por sublimação, e estágio de secagem secundário no qual ocorre a remoção da umidade por sublimação, e estágio de secagem secundário no qual ocorre a remoção da umidade sublimada. As industrias que trabalham com o processo de liofilização necessitam de estudos, tendo em vista a existência reduzida de pesquisas nesta área tornando este trabalho um desafio. O desempenho do processo de liofilização é fortemente dependente da escolha adequada das condições operacionais e, portanto há necessidade de uma extensiva análise de seus efeitos no tempo de processamento e na qualidade do produto obtido. Neste trabalho liofilizou-se o suco de laranja não pasturizado. Foram realizados testes iniciais com o equipamento par adquirir maior conhecimento do mesmo, bem como proceder a sua operação. Como parte dos testes iniciais foi contruída uma curva de secagem utilizando amostras de suco de laranja não pasteurizado. Ainda com testes iniciais executou-se um planejamento fatorial completo '2 POT. 2¿...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Freeze drying is a separation process based on sublimation phenomenon. Due to the absence of liquid water and the low temperature required for the process, most of deterioration and microbiological reactions are stopped which gives a final products of excellent quality. The fundamental stages involved in freeze drying process are: freezing, primary drying stages, related to stage in which occurs the remotion of sublimated water. The performance of freeze drying process in strongly dependent of the adequate operational conditions being necessary extensive analysis of the effects in processing time and quality of the obtained product. In this work, the no pasteurized orange juice was lyophilized. Initial test were realized with the equipamento to obtain more knowledge from it, as well as to proceed its operation. As part of initial test a drying curve was built using samples of no pasteurized orange juice. Still as initial test, a complete '2 POT. 2¿ factorial design was executed. A complete '2 POT. 4¿ factorial design was realized. The following variables were analyzed: thickmess of the layer, freezing form, addition and size of particles. The effects of each variable for the stupid process, as well as the interactions of variables for determined operational range were carried out...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Submitted by Izabel Monteiro (izabel_22@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-17T15:37:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Karine Silveira Nascimento.pdf: 964819 bytes, checksum: c3d259ce399a54a62fdc23cec02dd24c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-23T19:27:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Karine Silveira Nascimento.pdf: 964819 bytes, checksum: c3d259ce399a54a62fdc23cec02dd24c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-23T19:32:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Karine Silveira Nascimento.pdf: 964819 bytes, checksum: c3d259ce399a54a62fdc23cec02dd24c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T19:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Karine Silveira Nascimento.pdf: 964819 bytes, checksum: c3d259ce399a54a62fdc23cec02dd24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Human milk, through the peculiarities of its nutritional composition is undoubtedly the most suitable to overcome such shortcomings food, allowing the newborn optimum adaptation to their new environment. Lyophilization is an operation of removing water by sublimation of ice. The use of lyophilization technology dehydration by cold (freeze dry) is a reliable method of preservation of biological products, being free from preservatives or chemicals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of freeze drying on the nutritional aspects and as an alternative conservation of human milk, as well as evaluating the package which best preserves this freeze dried food. For lyophilization, samples of 600 mL of colostrum and mature milk pasteurized 600mL were collected in the Human Milk Bank Fezinha Anzoategui of Woman Institute Dona Lindu, Manaus/AM. We determined the contents of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, moisture and ash, besides the determination of vitamin A and proves reconstitution. The research protocol includes three storage conditions: time 0, three months in plastic wrap and foil pouch for three months under refrigeration. Analyses were performed in triplicate and then analyzed statistically. The average of the levels of lipid and protein were lyophilized colostrum of 1.64 g / dl and 1.70 g / dl, respectively. It was observed that protein content of mature milk lyophilized (1.59 g / dL) was still higher than the values previously observed in other studies. The average percentage of carbohydrate in the mature milk lyophilized (7.84 g / dL) is also in agreement with the literature. In comparing the types of packaging, there were no significant differences in moisture, lipid, carbohydrate and ash lyophilized colostrum stored for three months in a metal or plastic container. However, the protein content showed significant difference, suggesting that the metal packaging is a better option in the conservation of lyophilized colostrum for the preservation of this nutrient. In comparing the types of packaging, there were no significant differences in moisture, protein, carbohydrate and ash lyophilized mature milk stored for three months in a metal or plastic container. However, the lipid content significantly different, suggesting that the metal packaging is a better option in the conservation of the lyophilized mature milk in relation to the preservation of this nutrient. The concentration of vitamin A found in the colostrum before and after lyophilization were 1.21μmol/L and 1.16μmol/L, respectively. Regarding mature milk, the levels of 1.18μmol/L before lyophilization and 1.14μmol/L were found after processing. The loss of vitamin A during processing is probably the result of exposure to light bottles during thawing and re-bottling. The procedure used for reconstitution could be seen that the color was similar to non-lyophilized milk, fluidity remained stable, similar to the non-lyophilized milk and dilution was full, without formation of precipitates. The freeze-drying technique was favorable for preservation of human milk as it preserved the nutrients in human milk. It is suggested that the canister is the best alternative for the conservation of lyophilized human milk. / O leite humano, através das peculiaridades de sua composição nutricional, é sem dúvida o alimento mais adequado para superar deficiências, permitindo ao recém-nascido uma ótima adaptação ao seu novo ambiente. A liofilização é uma operação de remoção da água por sublimação do gelo. O uso da tecnologia da liofilização ou a desidratação a frio (freeze dry) é um processo confiável de conservação de produtos biológicos, sendo isento de conservantes ou produtos químicos. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do processo de liofilização nos aspectos nutricionais e como alternativa de conservação do leite humano, bem como avaliar a embalagem que melhor conserva este alimento liofilizado. Para a liofilização, foram coletadas amostras de 600mL de colostro e 600mL de leite maduro pasteurizados no Banco de Leite Humano Fezinha Anzoategui do Instituto da Mulher Dona Lindu, Manaus/AM. Foram determinados os conteúdos de lipídios, proteínas, carboidratos, umidade e cinzas, além da determinação da vitamina A e prova de reconstituição. O protocolo de pesquisa inclui três condições de estocagem: tempo zero e três meses, assim como armazenamento em embalagem plástica e metálica sob refrigeração. As análises foram realizadas em triplicata em seguida analisadas estatisticamente. As médias dos teores de lipídio e proteína do colostro liofilizado foram de 1,64 g/dL e 1,70 g/dL, respectivamente. Observou-se que teor de proteína do leite maduro liofilizado (1,59 g/dL) encontrava-se superior aos valores já observados em outros estudos. A média dos teores de carboidrato do leite maduro liofilizado (7,84 g/dL) está também em concordância com a literatura. Na comparação entre os tipos de embalagem, não houve diferenças significativas dos teores de umidade, lipídio, carboidrato e cinzas do colostro liofilizado armazenado por três meses em embalagem metálica ou plástica. Porém, o teor de proteína apresentou diferença significativa, sugerindo que a embalagem metálica é uma melhor opção na conservação do colostro liofilizado em relação à preservação desse nutriente. Na comparação entre os tipos de embalagem, não houve diferenças significativas dos teores de umidade, proteína, carboidrato e cinzas do leite maduro liofilizado armazenado por três meses em embalagem metálica ou plástica. Porém, o teor de lipídio apresentou diferença significativa, sugerindo que a embalagem metálica é uma melhor opção na conservação do leite maduro liofilizado em relação à preservação desse nutriente. As concentrações de vitamina A encontradas nos colostros antes e após a liofilização foram 1,21μmol/L e 1,16μmol/L, respectivamente. Em relação ao leite maduro, foram encontrados os teores de 1,18μmol/L antes da liofilização e 1,14μmol/L após o processamento. A perda de vitamina A durante o processamento provavelmente é resultante da exposição dos frascos à luz durante o descongelamento e reenvase. No procedimento utilizado para reconstituição pôde-se verificar que a cor foi semelhante ao leite não-liofilizado, a fluidez continuou estável, semelhante ao leite não-liofilizado e a diluição foi plena, sem formação de precipitados. A técnica de liofilização mostrou-se favorável para conservação do leite humano já que preservou os nutrientes presentes no leite humano. Sugere-se que a embalagem metálica seja a melhor alternativa para a conservação do leite humano liofilizado.

Au cours de ce travail, l’objectif est d’étudier les liens entre les paramètres du procédé de séchage, la microstructure et les propriétés d’usage du matériau telles que la conductivité thermique et le module d’Young. L’étude a été effectuée sur des matériaux poreux à base d’alumine, oxyde modèle, et à base de bentonite, minéral argileux. Le procédé de séchage utilisé est le procédé de coulage-congélation, qui permet d’obtenir une microstructure orientée et de fabriquer des matériaux anisotropes. L’origine de cette anisotropie provient de la microstructure des échantillons, essentiellement la forme des pores. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de souligner l’importance des paramètres de séchage sur l’anisotropie et les propriétés d’usage du matériau considéré. Par exemple, des valeurs très faibles de la conductivité thermique (0,045 W.m-1.K-1 pour 98 % de porosité) ont été obtenues pour les matériaux à base de bentonite, tout en étant manipulables. / The aim of this thesis is to correlate the shaping process parameters, the microstructure and the material properties, like thermal conductivity and Young modulus. The materials used in this study are alumina and a bentonite, a clay material. The shaping process used is the freeze-casting, which permit to obtain a textural microstructure and anisotropic materials. The origin of this anisotropy is the samples microstructure, in particularly the pores shape. The results highlight the importance of the freeze-casting parameters on the anisotropy and on materials properties. For example, very low values for the thermal conductivity (0,045 W. m-1.K-1 for a porosity of 98 %) are obtained for bentonite material, and they are handleable.

Au Québec, lors de la période de gel et dégel, l’enrobé bitumineux, constituant le revêtement de la chaussée, est soumis à des conditions sévères qui le dégradent. Ces conditions sont : précipitations de pluie et fontes de neige générant une saturation partielle du matériau, présence de sel déverglaçant, passages de véhicule lourd sollicitant mécaniquement le matériau, variations de températures engendrant la création de déformations et de contraintes au sein du revêtement, et présence de cycles de gel-dégel.A cet effet, la revue de la littérature porte sur l’étude : des conditions sévères (sollicitations mécaniques, climatiques, hydriques et chimiques), et des caractéristiques physiques de l’enrobé qui affectent sa durabilité, ses comportements mécaniques (viscoélastique linéaire et en fatigue) et thermomécaniques (coefficient de dilatation-contraction thermique).Notamment, un programme expérimental de laboratoire a été réalisé en vue de vérifier l’influence de ces conditions sévères sur la dégradation et le comportement de l’enrobé. Premièrement, des essais thermiques, incluant des cycles de gel et dégel, ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes d’enrobé à l’état sec et partiellement saturé en eau ou en saumures. Les éprouvettes sont instrumentées d’une jauge axiale et de deux thermocouples. L’éprouvette partiellement saturée en eau, comparativement à celles partiellement saturées en saumures, est soumise à des dilatations et des contractions nettement plus importantes lors de la formation et la fonte de la glace. De +10 à +23°C, les coefficients de dilatation linéique des éprouvettes partiellement saturées sont assez similaires, mais supérieurs à celui de l’enrobé à l’état sec, ce qui implique que l’enrobé partiellement saturé se contracte et se dilate un peu plus que celui a l’état sec à ces températures.Deuxièmement, les éprouvettes ont été soumises à des essais mécaniques, de module complexe, afin d’évaluer l’évolution de leur endommagement suite aux cycles de gel et dégel. Les résultats des essais et du modèle rhéologique 2S2P1D ont été utilisés afin de simuler le comportement de l’enrobé selon les divers états. Au fil des cycles de gel et dégel, un endommagement est observable pour l’ensemble des éprouvettes, mais nettement supérieur pour l’éprouvette partiellement saturée en eau. De plus, pour les éprouvettes partiellement saturées, un comportement distinct est observable en dessous et au-dessus de la température de solidification des liquides.Pour terminer, l’étude du comportement à la fatigue de l’enrobé suivant l’état sec et partiellement saturé en eau est réalisée. A +10°C et 10Hz, seules des diminutions légères ont été observées au niveau du module (3%) et de la résistance à la fatigue (ɛ6 de 105 vs 109ƒμdef) pour l’enrobé partiellement saturé en eau. Ces faibles diminutions sont attribuables à la faible période d’immersion des éprouvettes d’enrobé dans l’eau, à la faible température de l’eau et de l’essai, à la faible teneur en vides des éprouvettes, au bitume modifié et aux granulats de qualité utilisés / During winter and spring in the province of Quebec, hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement could be subjected to sever conditions over their design life. These conditions are: 1) rainfall and snowmelt, which generates the partial saturation of the HMA, 2) winter maintenance requiring the presence of de-icing salt, which acting chemically on HMA, 3) traffic, which acting mechanically on HMA, and 4) temperature changes and presence of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) creating thermal stress and deformation (thermo-mechanical coupling) within the pavement, and pressure, within the material, generated by freezing water or brines. More specifically, the literature review of this work focuses on the study of: 1) severe conditions such as climatic, chemical and mechanical solicitations, 2) physical characteristics of HMAthat affect its durability, mechanical properties (viscoelastic and fatigue) and thermomechanical properties (coefficient of thermal contraction).An experimental laboratory program was conducted to verify the influence of these severe conditions on the degradation and behavior of HMA. First, thermal testing (-18 to +23°C), including freeze-thaw cycles (FTC, -18 to +10°C) were performed on samples under dry (D)and partially saturated (PS), with water or brine, states. The samples were instrumented with an axial gauge and two thermocouples. During FTC (-18 to +10°C), sample partially saturated with water, compared to those partially saturated with brines, is subject to expansions and contractions significantly greater during formation and melting of ice. In the temperature range from +10 to +23°C, the linear coefficients of thermal contraction of partially saturated samples are quite similar, but higher than that of HMA in dry state. At such temperature range, this implies that the partially saturated HMA contracts and expands a little more than that in dry state. Secondly, the samples were subjected to mechanical testing.The complex modulus test was performed in order to evaluate the damage of samples due to FTC. The test results and rheological model 2S2P1D were used to simulate the behavior of the HMA according to the various states. Over FTC, damage is observed for all samples, butmuch higher for the PS sample with water. Moreover, for PS samples, a distinct behavior is observable below and above the solidification temperature of the liquid. Finally, the study of the fatigue behavior of HMA under PS, with water, and D states is performed. At +10°C and 10Hz, only slight decreases were observed for complex modulus (3%) and fatigue (ε6 = 105 vs 109μstrain) for HMA partially saturated with water. These small decreases are due to the low period of immersion of samples in water, lowers temperatures of water and test, low void content of the samples, modified bitumen and good aggregates used.

Novel uses of wheat gluten (WG) proteins, obtained e.g. as a coproduct from bio-ethanol production, are presented in this thesis. A flame-retardant foam was prepared via in-situ polymerization of hydrolyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in a denatured WG matrix (Paper I). The TEOS formed a well-dispersed silica phase in the walls of the foam. With silica contents ≥ 6.7 wt%, the foams showed excellent fire resistance. An aspect of the bio-based foams was their high sensitivity to fungi and bacterial growth. This was addressed in Paper II using a natural antimicrobial agent Lanasol. In the same paper, a swelling of 32 times its initial weight in water was observed for the pristine WG foam and both capillary effects and cell wall absorption contributed to the high uptake. In Paper III, conductive and flexible foams were obtained using carbon-based nanofillers and plasticizer. It was found that the electrical resistance of the carbon nanotubes and carbon black filled foams were strain-independent, which makes them suitable for applications in electromagnetic shielding (EMI) and electrostatic discharge protection (ESD). Paper IV describes a ‘water-welding’ method where larger pieces of WG foams were made by wetting the sides of the smaller cubes before being assembled together. The flexural strength of welded foams was ca. 7 times higher than that of the same size WG foam prepared in one piece. The technique provides a strategy for using freeze-dried WG foams in applications where larger foams are required. Despite the versatile functionalities of the WG-based materials, the mechanical properties are often limited due to the brittleness of the dry solid WG. WG/flax composites were developed for improved mechanical properties of WG (Paper V). The results revealed that WG, reinforced with 19 wt% flax fibres, had a strength that was ca. 8 times higher than that of the pure WG matrix. Furthermore, the crack-resistance was also significantly improved in the presence of the flax. / <p>QC 20170524</p>

Mature fine tailings (MFT), as a mixture of residual bitumen, sand, silt, fine clay particles and water, are a byproduct of oil sands extraction. The large volume, and poor consolidation and water release ability of MFT have been causing significant economic and environmental concerns. Therefore, several studies have been implemented on finding innovative dewatering/disposal techniques. As a result, different methods have been introduced and tested at a laboratory or a field scale, yet very few of these are commercially used in the oil sands industries. Despite the extensive research, an optimal solution has not been found due to the lack of technical or economic feasibility. In the present study, a novel approach that consists of the rapid dewatering of MFT by using a super absorbent polymer (SAP) to produce dense MFT is proposed. A comprehensive laboratory investigation on the geotechnical characteristics and behavior before and after treatment of MFT is conducted. The effects of SAP based dewatering and freeze/thaw cycles on the undrained shear strength of dewatered MFT by using a vane shear apparatus are studied. Furthermore, the ability of recycled SAP to dewater and densify MFT is assessed. Finally, this study provides the results of consolidation and hydraulic conductivity testing to evaluate the void ratio versus effective stress and hydraulic conductivity of MFT. The effects on the behavior and characteristics of MFT after amendment with usage of recycled SAP are also investigated. The results indicate that SAP has the ability to significantly dewater, densify and increase the undrained shear strength of MFT. Furthermore, when subjected to freeze/thaw cycles, the MFT dewatered with SAP shows an additional increase in strength and solid content. It is also found to be possible to regenerate the polymer (still within sachets) through light thermal drying, and the regenerated SAP can still significantly dewater and thus increase the shear strength and solid content of the MFT. In addition, the obtained high solid content affects and improves the compressibility of the material, thus resulting in low initial void ratios. On the other hand, low hydraulic permeability that is derived from low initial void ratios and consolidation is improved by the freeze/thaw process due to the interconnected voids created during the freezing process.

O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia Mc. Vaugh) tem demonstrado ser um fruto promissor devido ao potencial funcional, principalmente pelo alto teor de vitamina C e compostos fenólicos, em especial elagitaninos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos sobre os compostos fenólicos dos processos de secagem de polpa comercial de camu-camu, por leito de jorro e atomização (spray-drying), em diferentes temperaturas e concentrações de agentes carreadores, comparando-os com os do processo de liofilização. Os pós obtidos foram comparados em relação ao teor total de compostos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico e proantocianidinas. Além disso, avaliou-se o potencial benéfico à saúde através da determinação da capacidade antioxidante in vitro , atividade antimicrobiana e inibição das enzimas &#945;-amilase, &#945;-glicosidase e enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA). Avaliou-se também proteção e regeneração celulares em modelo de planárias (Dugesia trigrina). Complementarmente, os pós de camu-camu foram adicionados em leite de soja, que foram fermentados com bactérias produtoras de ácido láctico (L. helveticus ATCC 12046 e L. plantarum NCDO 1193), para verificar sua funcionalidade quando incorporados como ingredientes em alimentos funcionais. Os resultados mostraram que a secagem da polpa acarretou em perdas significativas de compostos bioativos, na ordem ácido ascórbico>fenólicos totais> proantocianidinas, e spray-drying>leito de jorro>liofilização. Os compostos fenólicos detectados nos pós de camu-camu foram elagitaninos, ácido elágico, derivados de quercetina, ácido siríngico e miricetina, por LC-TOF-MS. A liofilização foi a melhor técnica de secagem para a preservação dos compostos fenólicos, e também da capacidade antioxidante e de inibição enzimática. Além disso, os pós liofilizados e atomizado (contendo 6% goma arábica a 120 °C) foram mais efetivos contra Staphylococcus aureus que a ampicilina. Os extratos desses pós demostraram potencial para proteção celular e rejuvenescimento no modelo de planárias. E por último, o leite de soja enriquecido com o pó de camu-camu resultou em um produto com maior teor de fenólicos, alta capacidade antioxidante e propriedades anti-hiperglicêmica e anti-hipertensiva. Portanto, os pós de camu-camu são ricos em compostos fenólicos e tem potencial para serem acrescentados como ingredientes em alimentos para o controle dos estágios iniciais de diabetes tipo 2 e complicações associadas. / Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia Mc. Vaugh) has demonstrated promising perspectives as a functional food, mainly due to high vitamin C and phenolic compounds contents, in particular ellagitannins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drying processes (spouted bed drying, spray-drying) at selected temperatures and carrier concentrations, comparing to freeze-drying, on the contents and composition of phenolic compounds. The pulp powders were compared in relation to phenolic profiles, ascorbic acid and proanthocyanidins contents. Further, functional health potential was evaluated such as in vitro antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity and inhibition of &#945;-amylase, &#945;-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). It was also investigated cellular protection and regeneration in planaria (Dugesia trigrina) model. Additionally, camu-camu powders were added into soymilk and were fermented by lactic acid bacteria (L. helveticus ATCC 12046 and L. plantarum NCDO 1193) to verify their functionality as a functional food ingredient. The results showed that drying of the pulp led to significant losses of bioactive compounds, in the order ascorbic acid>total phenolics>proanthocyanidins, and spray-drying>spouted bed drying>freeze-drying. Phenolic compounds, such as ellagitannins, ellagic acid, quercetin derivatives, syringic acid and myricetin were detected in camu-camu by LC-TOF-MS. The freeze-drying was the best technique to preserve phenolic compounds, and also antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibition. Besides that, freeze-dried and spray-dried (6% arabic gum at 120 °C) powders were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than ampicillin. The extracts of those powders have desmonstrated potential to cellular protection and rejuvenation in planaria model. Finally, soymilk enriched with camu-camu powders resulted in more phenolic contents, high antioxidant capacity and anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hipertension properties product. To sum up, camu-camu powder is rich in phenolic bioactive profiles has potential as part of dietary strategies in the management of early stages of type 2 diabetes and associated complications.

Abstract Master thesis is focused on The Application of Data from Vehicle Electronic Control Units in the Analysis of Road Accidents. The theoretical part deals with the electronic systems of vehicles and their control units, diagnostic processes, retrieving accident data from the controls unit and the need for these data in the analysis of road accidents. The experimental part focuses on obtaining data for crashed vehicles, interpretation of such data and assessment of their usefulness for analyzing road accidents. It also focuses on the procedures and methods on how to retreive accident data.

This dissertation presents the study of freeze-thaw resistance of carbonated, low-lime calcium silicate cement based paste, mortar, and concrete and the pore system of these materials characterized by MIP, SEM, and image J analysis.