Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal identificar e discutir as diferentes produções escritas solicitadas no meio universitário francês para estudantes do Curso de Letras Francês/Português da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo inseridos em programas de intercâmbio na França. Além disso, a pesquisa tem como objetivo apontar eixos que venham a constituir um referencial de formação linguística para o desenvolvimento de competências visando a produção escrita de dois gêneros em particular, o commentaire composé e a dissertation, identificados como os gêneros mais recorrentes solicitados aos estudantes de Letras em intercâmbio. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa apoia-se, primeiramente, na metodologia do ensino do Francês para Objetivo Específico, mais particularmente, para Objetivo Universitário (Mangiante e Parpette, 2004, 2011 e Mangiante, 2009) e os estudos de Bakhtin sobre os gêneros do discurso (1997 [1929]). Para a coleta e análise dos dados, baseamo-nos na metodologia descrita por Mangiante e Parpette (2011) e na pesquisa qualitativa como princípios metodológicos que nos levaram à identificação de necessidades e dificuldades para a realização das produções acadêmicas solicitadas. Os resultados mostraram que é fundamental preparar os alunos, candidatos a programas de intercâmbio, do ponto de vista linguístico, discursivo e metodológico visando o desenvolvimento de competências para a realização de produções escritas à la française . / This work has as main objective to identify and discuss the different written productions asked, in the french campus environment, for undergraduate students of French and Portuguese Studies from the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo, who enrolled in exchange programs in France. Furthermore, the research aims to point out axes that may constitute a language training reference for skills development aiming at written productions of two genres in particular, the commentaire composé and the dissertation, identified as the most current genres requested for the Languages and Literature students in exchange programs. The theoretical basis of this research relies primarily on the French for Specific Purposes teaching methodology, mainly for Academic Purpose (Mangiante and Parpette, 2004, 2011 and Mangiante, 2009), and the notion of speech genre defined by Bakhtin (1997 [1929]). To collect and analyze the data, we rely on the methodology described by Mangiante and Parpette (2011) and the qualitative research as methodological principles that led us to the identification of needs and difficulties to write the required academic productions. The results showed that it is essential to prepare students, candidates for exchange programs, in terms of linguistic, discursive and methodological aiming at developing skills for creating written productions \"à la française\".

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche des écrits scientifiques en prenant comme point de départ les marqueurs discursifs (MD). Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre du Français sur Objectif Universitaire (FOU). Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement aux MD polylexicaux et les intégrons dans une conception large de la phraséologie. La particularité de cette recherche réside dans le fait de relier les descriptions linguistiques des MD et la transposition didactique de ces unités lexicales à l'aide de corpus, ce qui est encore peu abordé dans le champ de la didactique francophone. Nous cherchons à répondre à des objectifs à la fois linguistiques et didactiques. Pour les objectifs linguistiques, nous mettons en place un modèle d'analyse des MD polylexicaux associant les propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques et qui est tout à fait réadaptable à d'autres MD. Les analyses linguistiques des MD serviront par la suite à l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces unités. Pour les objectifs didactiques, cette recherche vise à concevoir une méthodologie d'enseignement/apprentissage des MD à partir de l'observation de corpus. Les considérations méthodologiques proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse ouvrent des pistes intéressantes pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces éléments linguistiques ainsi que pour faciliter l'accès aux écrits scientifiques auprès des étudiants non-natifs. / This thesis proposes a new approach to scientific writings which takes discourse markers as starting point. It is part of the framework of French for Academic Purposes. In this work, we are particularly interested in multi-word discourse markers and we integrate them into a broader concept of phraseology. The particularity of this work lies in linking linguistic descriptions of discourse markers and didactic transposition of these tokens with a corpus, which is still little discussed in the didactic francophone field. We aim to meet two main objectives of linguistic and didactic nature. The linguistic objectives are to set up a model for analyzing multi-word discourse markers that combines both syntactic and semantic properties and is totally reconfigurable to other discourse markers. Linguistic analyses will then be used for the teaching/learning of these units. For didactic purposes, this research aims to develop a methodology for teaching/learning discourse markers from the observation of the corpus. Methodological considerations proposed in the framework of the thesis provide attractive ways for teaching/learning these language elements and for making access to the academic writings easier to non-native students.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal identificar e discutir as diferentes produções escritas solicitadas no meio universitário francês para estudantes do Curso de Letras Francês/Português da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo inseridos em programas de intercâmbio na França. Além disso, a pesquisa tem como objetivo apontar eixos que venham a constituir um referencial de formação linguística para o desenvolvimento de competências visando a produção escrita de dois gêneros em particular, o commentaire composé e a dissertation, identificados como os gêneros mais recorrentes solicitados aos estudantes de Letras em intercâmbio. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa apoia-se, primeiramente, na metodologia do ensino do Francês para Objetivo Específico, mais particularmente, para Objetivo Universitário (Mangiante e Parpette, 2004, 2011 e Mangiante, 2009) e os estudos de Bakhtin sobre os gêneros do discurso (1997 [1929]). Para a coleta e análise dos dados, baseamo-nos na metodologia descrita por Mangiante e Parpette (2011) e na pesquisa qualitativa como princípios metodológicos que nos levaram à identificação de necessidades e dificuldades para a realização das produções acadêmicas solicitadas. Os resultados mostraram que é fundamental preparar os alunos, candidatos a programas de intercâmbio, do ponto de vista linguístico, discursivo e metodológico visando o desenvolvimento de competências para a realização de produções escritas à la française . / This work has as main objective to identify and discuss the different written productions asked, in the french campus environment, for undergraduate students of French and Portuguese Studies from the Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature, and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo, who enrolled in exchange programs in France. Furthermore, the research aims to point out axes that may constitute a language training reference for skills development aiming at written productions of two genres in particular, the commentaire composé and the dissertation, identified as the most current genres requested for the Languages and Literature students in exchange programs. The theoretical basis of this research relies primarily on the French for Specific Purposes teaching methodology, mainly for Academic Purpose (Mangiante and Parpette, 2004, 2011 and Mangiante, 2009), and the notion of speech genre defined by Bakhtin (1997 [1929]). To collect and analyze the data, we rely on the methodology described by Mangiante and Parpette (2011) and the qualitative research as methodological principles that led us to the identification of needs and difficulties to write the required academic productions. The results showed that it is essential to prepare students, candidates for exchange programs, in terms of linguistic, discursive and methodological aiming at developing skills for creating written productions \"à la française\".

La mobilité internationale des étudiants qui souhaitent suivre une formation supérieure en France ou à l’étranger est en augmentation depuis des années. Le domaine du Français Langue Etrangère a évolué en donnant naissance aux nouvelles approches d’enseignement de la langue française, parmi lesquelles le Français sur Objectif Universitaire. Notre problématique de recherche s’inscrit dans cette optique dans la mesure où elle concerne les étudiants arabophones et allophones inscrits dans l’une des filières de droit en France. Notre analyse des copies d’examens de ces étudiants montre qu’ils ont beaucoup de difficultés au niveau de l’écrit juridique sur le plan linguistique et pragmatique. En plus, les réponses sur le questionnaire que nous avons distribué à ce public d’apprenants met en évidence leurs pratiques rédactionnelles, et nous permet d’apporter des solutions pédagogiques adaptées face aux difficultés rencontrées, ce qui constitue l’objectif principal de notre recherche. Outre le problème au niveau de la production écrite, nous proposons des moyens qui favorisent l’interaction entre les étudiants, les enseignants, et les professionnels appartenant au domaine du droit. / The international mobility of students who wish to pursue higher education in France or abroad has been increasing for several years. This movement continues to create specific demands that universities are called upon to meet by adapting their programs to the new demands of teaching and learning French. This is the reason why the domain of the French as Foreign Language has evolved, giving birth to new approaches to teaching the French language, among which the French for Academic Purpose. Our research problem is in line with this point of view insofar as it concerns the foreign non-francophone and Arabic-speaking students enrolled in Law majors in France. Our analysis of the exam copies of these students shows that they have many difficulties in linguistic and pragmatic in writing. In addition, the answers on the survey that we have distributed to this audience of learners highlights their writing practices, and allows us to provide educational solutions adapted to the difficulties encountered, which is the main objective of our research . In addition to the problem of written production, we propose ways to promote interaction between students, teachers and professionals in the field of law.