This work is focusing on optimization of large scale terrain rendering. It explains basic methods and data structures for optimization. It describes fundamentals of methods such as ROAM, Geometrical clipmaps, GPU Based Geometrical Clipmaps, GeoMipMapping and Chunked LOD. It explains implementation details of system for terrain optimization based on GeoMipMapping method.

Determination of the extent and state of a limb edema is based on information about its current volume. There are a number of methods for volume measurements. The theoretical part of this semestral thesis discusses the etiology, classification and principles of volume measurements and basic information about ultrasound and stepper motors. The practical part consists of a design of own device for a contactless limb volume measurement with ultrasonic module. It consists of a code for a microcontroller which controles the whole system including the computational operations and a real model of the system.

The advent of industry 4.0 has not only brought innovation and automation with it but also new challenges. Automation in industrial settings is advancing at a rapid pace, thus making the modern industrial workplace all the more stimulating. Highly automated robots and machines work alongside humans in settings that seemed fictional some years ago. However, the shift to a smart industry has brought about certain safety concerns regarding whether the current safety systems can keep up with this ever-changing environment. Emergency stop buttons have long been the industry standard when it comes to classic safety precautions. Nevertheless, researchers examine several possibilities on how they can upgrade the already established safety systems. One such practice is to incorporate visibility as part of an emergency safety system. There has already been a proposal to use 2D visibility as an emergency safety protocol which has shown encouraging results. Thus, making a 3D approach as the logical next step. In this thesis work, a 3D visibility emergency stop system is presented, implemented,and tested. To begin with, a small review of how other researchers have tried to solve similar problems is done. Furthermore, several 3D graphics techniques used in the project are introduced and briefly analysed. Then, the implementation of the project is presented, breaking down each component. After the implementation is completed, several tests that aim to profile the program are performed and examined. In addition, the project is compared to the 2D solution that has already been proposed. The findings from the testing show that a 3D visibility approach is a viable and favourable option. The results reveal a promising outcome when it comes to object visibility as well as response swiftness.

[pt] Atualmente, as malhas de simulação do fluxo em reservatórios naturais de petróleo (RNPs) são modelos compostos por centenas de milhares de células hexaédricas, cada uma podendo ser decomposta em 12 triângulos, de modo que a visualização interativa dessas malhas, através das estações gráficas atuais, ainda não é factível. À medida que os computadores e as placas gráficas aumentam sua capacidade de processamento, as malhas de simulação também crescem. A solução para esse tipo de problema passa, normalmente, por técnicas de aceleração, dentre as quais está a multi-resolução (MR). Ocorre, entretanto, que os modelos de multi-resolução atualmente conhecidos não são aplicáveis às malhas de simulação de RNPs, devido aos requisitos específicos da área, tais como a preservação do modelo de células hexaédricas e a descontinuidade entre células. Na realidade, as técnicas de multi-resolução tendem a enfocar a Visualização Realista, enquanto o problema de RNPs é de Visualização Científica, para a qual ainda não existem soluções genéricas. Esta dissertação propõe um modelo de MR específico para o problema de visualização das malhas de simulação em RNPs, no qual a partição descontínua do espaço, a semântica baseada em células hexaédricas e as características de visualização do problema são pontos considerados. O modelo proposto permite uma construção eficiente da estrutura de MR, a partir da qual, em tempo real, são extraídas malhas adaptativas dependentes: (a) do erro geométrico da aproximação, (b) da câmera e (c) do número desejado de polígonos na malha. Além disso, o modelo permite a utilização conjunta de outra técnica de aceleração, o descarte, possibilitando o descarte hierárquico de regiões da malha que estão fora do volume de visão. O modelo proposto foi implementado em um sistema que permitiu uma extensa bateria de testes, cujos resultados permitiram traçar algumas conclusões e recomendações. / [en] Current flow-simulation meshes of natural oil reservoirs (NOR) are composed of hundreds of thousands of hexahedral cells. The visualization of the geometry of these cells superimposed with color attributes to represent properties and flow results requires the rendering of an unstructured mesh of millions of triangles. Current graphics hardware does not allow for an interactive visualization of such meshes. As computers and graphics boards increase their processing capacity, simulation meshes also grow and the solution to the rendering problem usually includes acceleration techniques, one of which is multi-resolution (MR). However, currently known MR models are not applicable to NOR simulation meshes due to this field`s specific requirements, such as the preservation of the hexahedral- cell model and discontinuities among cells. In fact, MR techniques tend to focus on Realistic Visualization, while the NOR problem is one of Scientific Visualization, for which generic solutions still do not exist. The present work proposes a specific MR model for the visualization problem concerning NOR simulation meshes, in which discontinuous space partition, hexahedral-cell-based semantics and the problem`s visualization characteristics are taken into account. The proposed model allows an efficient construction of a MR structure, from which, in real time, adaptive meshes can be extracted that depend on: (a) the geometric error approximation, (b) the view, and (c) the polygon budget. This model can also be used combined with another acceleration technique, frustum culling, which allows for the hierarchical elimination of regions in the mesh that are out of the view volume. The proposed model was implemented in a system on which extensive testing was performed, providing results that allowed us to draw some conclusions and recommendations.

Task of this thesis is creation of real-time simulation of the water waves. It is implemented on Mac OS X platform using OpenGL. This thesis is based on height map surface. Heigh map is computed by suming of sinusoids with complex, time-based amplitudes. Fast Fourier transformation, Phillips spectrum and gauss random generator are used to solve this problem. The thesis is also implemented on iOS platform and optimized to run on mobile devices thanks to using programmable graphic pipeline and other drawing and computing optimizations.