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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Adverse Life Events: Do Home Care Clients Have Resources for Mastering Them?

Garms-Homolová, Vjenka, Declercq, Anja, Finne-Soveri, Harriet, Notthoff, Nanna, van der Roest, Henriëtte G., van Hout, Hein P. J. 24 March 2023 (has links)
Objectives: Research on life stressors and adverse life events has a long tradition. Few studies have addressed this topic in connection to very old people. Life stressors, especially major life stressors (MLSs) experienced by clients of home care services in the community have rarely been the subject of studies. Considering this gap, we investigated the prevalence of MLSs in home care clients. We examined the effects that MLSs have on their mood and health status as well as the impact of clients’ social resources on MLSs and their outcomes. Method: We used assessment data from 2,884 home care clients in six European countries. The methodological basis was the comprehensive and standardized interRAI Home Care Assessment (interRAI HC). Results: Fifteen point four percent of the sample—that consisted of women and men with an average age of 82.89 years–experienced an MLS in the last 6 months before the assessment. They were more depressed than persons without these experiences, and their health status indicated a higher level of instability and deterioration. At reassessment after 6 months, the situation changed. Despite the fact that both outcomes of the MLSs, depression and health status became worse in the reassessment-sample, home care clients without MLS were more affected by the worsening, especially that of depression. The expected buffering impact of social resources was low. Discussion: Although this study worked with limited information on MLSs, it could contribute to closing various knowledge gaps. The study shows that the MLSs represent a prevalent problem in a population of home care clients and that this problem has negative consequences for their mood and the stability of their health status. Furthermore, this research took up the situation of very old and vulnerable adults, who have previously rarely been considered in studies on major critical life events and stressors. Conclusion and Research Perspective: Future research on MLSs has to take up the issue of the time passage between the MLS and the impact on health and well-being of individuals dependent on care. It has to determine immediate as well as later consequences and identify those factors that are appropriate to reduce the MLS-effects on very old people dependent on care.
12

Etude, représentation et applications des traverses minimales d'un hypergraphe / Representation and applications of hypergraph minimal transversals

Jelassi, Mohamed Nidhal 08 December 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine de la théorie des hypergraphes et s'intéresse aux traverses minimales des hypergraphes. L'intérêt pour l'extraction des traverses minimales est en nette croissance, depuis plusieurs années, et ceci est principalement dû aux solutions qu'offrent les traverses minimales dans divers domaines d'application comme les bases de données, l'intelligence artificielle, l'e-commerce, le web sémantique, etc. Compte tenu donc du large éventail des domaines d'application des traverses minimales et de l'intérêt qu'elles suscitent, l'objectif de cette thèse est donc d'explorer de nouvelles pistes d'application des traverses minimales tout en proposant des méthodes pour optimiser leur extraction. Ceci a donné lieu à trois contributions proposées dans cette thèse. La première approche tend à tirer profit de l'émergence du Web 2.0 et, par conséquent, des réseaux sociaux en utilisant les traverses minimales pour la détection des acteurs importants au sein de ces réseaux. La deuxième partie de recherche au cours de cette thèse s'est intéressé à la réduction du nombre de traverses minimales d'un hypergraphe. Ce nombre étant très élevé, une représentation concise et exacte des traverses minimales a été proposée et est basée sur la construction d'un hypergraphe irrédondant, d'où sont calculées les traverses minimales irrédondantes de l'hypergraphe initial. Une application de cette représentation au problème de l'inférence des dépendances fonctionnelles a été présentée pour illustrer l’intérêt de cette approche. La dernière approche s'est intéressée à la décomposition des hypergraphes en des hypergraphes partiels. Les traverses minimales de ces derniers sont calculées et leur produit cartésien permet de générer l'ensemble des traverses de l'hypergraphe. Les différentes études expérimentales menées ont montré l’intérêt de ces approches proposées / This work is part of the field of the hypergraph theory and focuses on hypergraph minimal transversal. The problem of extracting the minimal transversals from a hypergraph received the interest of many researchers as shown the number of algorithms proposed in the literature, and this is mainly due to the solutions offered by the minimal transversal in various application areas such as databases, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, semantic web, etc. In view of the wide range of fields of minimal transversal application and the interest they generate, the objective of this thesis is to explore new application paths of minimal transversal by proposing methods to optimize the extraction. This has led to three proposed contributions in this thesis. The first approach takes advantage of the emergence of Web 2.0 and, therefore, social networks using minimal transversal for the detection of important actors within these networks. The second part of research in this thesis has focused on reducing the number of hypergraph minimal transversal. A concise and accurate representation of minimal transversal was proposed and is based on the construction of an irredundant hypergraph, hence are calculated the irredundant minimal transversal of the initial hypergraph. An application of this representation to the dependency inference problem is presented to illustrate the usefulness of this approach. The last approach includes the hypergraph decomposition into partial hypergraph the “local” minimal transversal are calculated and their Cartesian product can generate all the hypergraph transversal sets. Different experimental studies have shown the value of these proposed approaches
13

Comparaison et évolution de schémas XML / Comparison and evolution of XML schema

Amavi, Joshua 28 November 2014 (has links)
XML est devenu le format standard d’échange de données. Nous souhaitons construire un environnement multi-système où des systèmes locaux travaillent en harmonie avec un système global, qui est une évolution conservatrice des systèmes locaux. Dans cet environnement, l’échange de données se fait dans les deux sens. Pour y parvenir nous avons besoin d’un mapping entre les schémas des systèmes. Le but du mapping est d’assurer l’évolution des schémas et de guider l’adaptation des documents entre les schémas concernés. Nous proposons des outils pour faciliter l’évolution de base de données XML. Ces outils permettent de : (i) calculer un mapping entre le schéma global et les schémas locaux, et d’adapter les documents ; (ii) calculer les contraintes d’intégrité du système global à partir de celles des systèmes locaux ; (iii) comparer les schémas de deux systèmes pour pouvoir remplacer un système par celui qui le contient ; (iv) corriger un nouveau document qui est invalide par rapport au schéma d’un système, afin de l’ajouter au système. Des expériences ont été menées sur des données synthétiques et réelles pour montrer l’efficacité de nos méthodes. / XML has become the de facto format for data exchange. We aim at establishing a multi-system environment where some local original systems work in harmony with a global integrated system, which is a conservative evolution of local ones. Data exchange is possible in both directions, allowing activities on both levels. For this purpose, we need schema mapping whose is to ensure schema evolution, and to guide the construction of a document translator, allowing automatic data adaptation wrt type evolution. We propose a set of tools to help dealing with XML database evolution. These tools are used : (i) to compute a mapping capable of obtaining a global schema which is a conservative extension of original local schemas, and to adapt XML documents ; (ii) to compute the set of integrity constraints for the global system on the basis of the local ones ; (iii) to compare XML types of two systems in order to replace a system by another one ; (iv) to correct a new document with respect to an XML schema. Experimental results are discussed, showing the efficiency of our methods in many situations.

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