Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Die Kraniotomie mit umfassender Tumorresektion bleibt Therapie der Wahl zur Behandlung von Hirntumoren. Bei der geforderten Radikalität des therapeutischen Vorgehens kommt der präoperativen Lokalisationsdiagnostik eloquenter Hirnareale eine besondere Bedeutung zu. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, daß den präzisen Übertrag der Ergebnisse funktioneller MRT-Studien in die Therapie von Hirntumoren ermöglicht. Desweiteren wird das klinische Potential der fMRT untersucht. In einem hierarchischem System erfolgt die Beurteilung der klinischen Wirksamkeit der Methode zur präoperativen Lokalisationsdiagnostik eloquenter Hirnareale bei Patienten mit Hirntumoren. Methode: Bei 40 Patienten mit supratentoriellen Hirntumoren wurden insgesamt 144 präoperative funktionelle MRT-Studien durchgeführt. Die Bewertung der klinischen Wirksamkeit erfolgte in einem hierarchischem Modell unter Betrachtung der aufgeführten Dimensionen: 1. Ebene: Technische Wirksamkeit 2. Ebene: Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf die diagnostische Genauigkeit 3. Ebene: Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf das diagnostische Denken 4. Ebene: Therapeutische Wirksamkeit 5. Ebene: Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf das Patient-Outcome 6. Ebene: Wirksamkeit in Bezug auf die Gesellschaft Die Ergebnisse der funktionellen MRT-Untersuchungen wurden in ein neurochirurgisches Navigationssystem eingebracht. Intraoperativ besteht für den Operateur die Möglichkeit sich die Lagebeziehung zu den gekennzeichneten Arealen in das Okular des Operationsmikroskop einzuspielen. Ergebnisse: Das geschilderte Verfahren ermöglicht die navigierte Operation von Hirntumoren unter besonderer Berücksichtigung eloquenter- das heißt funktionstragender Hirnareale. Die beschriebene Methode zur Integration der fMRT weist ein hohe Praktikabilität auf. Wie diese Arbeit zeigen konnte, erbringt die fMRT als Methode auch bei Patienten mit Hirntumoren für die klinische Anwendung ausreichend zuverlässige Ergebnisse. Schlussfolgerung: 1. Mit dem geschilderten Verfahren gelingt die zuverlässige Integration von fMRT-Daten in die Therapie von Hirntumoren. 2. Die fMRT ist für den klinischen Einsatz zur präoperativen Lokalisation eloquenter Hirntumoren mit Einschränkungen geeignet. / Abstract Introduction: Craniotomy and maximal tumour resection remains the major therapy in patients with brain tumours. Preoperatively it is of great importance to identify eloquent brain areas. In this study we develop a method which allows the precise integration of functional MR-data into the therapy of brain tumours. Additionally we investigated the diagnostic potential of functional MRI in a clinical setting. We were assessing the effectiveness of functional MRI in patients with brain tumours in a hierarchical system. Methods: We performed 122 preoperative, functional MRI studies in 40 patients with supratentorial brain tumours. We evaluated the effectiveness in a hierarchic model. 1. level: technical effectiveness 2. level: diagnostic effectiveness 3. level: diagnostic effectiveness 4. level: therapeutical effectiveness 5. level: patient-outcome 6. level: society The acquired parametric maps were integrated into a neurosurgical navigation system. Intraoperatively the neurosurgeon can have the localisation of functional brain areas displayed within the optical system of the microscope. Conclusion: 1. The described approach allows image guided neurosurgery paying special attention to eloquent brain areas. The method is very practicable and reliable. 2. As we could demonstrate in our work, the functional MRI is sufficiently robust for clinical application

Background: Patients suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia are significantly impaired in daily life due to anxiety about getting into a situation due to apprehension about experiencing a panic attack, especially if escape may be difficult. Dysfunctional beliefs and behavior can be changed with cognitive behavioral therapy; however, the neurobiological effects of such an intervention on the anticipation and observation of agoraphobia-specific stimuli are unknown. Methods: We compared changes in neural activation by measuring the blood oxygen level-dependent signal of 51 patients and 51 healthy controls between scans before and those after treatment (group by time interaction) during anticipation and observation of agoraphobia-specific compared to neutral pictures using 3-T fMRI. Results: A significant group by time interaction was observed in the ventral striatum during anticipation and in the right amygdala during observation of agoraphobia-specific pictures; the patients displayed a decrease in ventral striatal activation during anticipation from pre- to posttreatment scans, which correlated with clinical improvement measured with the Mobility Inventory. During observation, the patients displayed decreased activation in the amygdala. These activational changes were not observed in the matched healthy controls. Conclusions: For the first time, neural effects of cognitive behavioral therapy were shown in patients suffering from panic disorder and agoraphobia using disorderspecific stimuli. The decrease in activation in the ventral striatum indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy modifies anticipatory anxiety and may ameliorate abnormally heightened salience attribution to expected threatening stimuli. The decreased amygdala activation in response to agoraphobia-specific stimuli indicates that cognitive behavioral therapy can alter the basal processing of agoraphobia-specific stimuli in a core region of the fear network.

The determination of exact tumor boundaries within eloquent brain regions is essential to maximize the extent of resection. Recent studies showed that intraoperative optical imaging (IOI) combined with median nerve stimulation is a helpful tool for visualization of the primary sensory cortex (PSC). In this technical note, we describe a novel approach of using IOI with painless tactile irritation to demonstrate the feasibility of topographic mapping of different body regions within the PSC. In addition, we compared the IOI results with preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) findings. In five patients with tumors located near the PSC who received tumor removal, IOI with tactile irritation of different body parts and fMRI was applied. We showed that tactile irritation of the hand in local and general anesthesia leads to reliable changes of cerebral blood volume during IOI. Hereby, we observed comparable IOI activation maps regarding the median nerve stimulation, fMRI and tactile irritation of the hand. The tactile irritation of different body areas revealed a plausible topographic distribution along the PSC. With this approach, IOI is also suitable for awake surgeries, since the tactile irritation is painless compared with median nerve stimulation and is congruent to fMRI findings. Further studies are ongoing to standardize this method to enable a broad application within the neurosurgical community.

No description available.