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<p> Considerable emphasis in scientific computing (SC) software development has been placed on the software qualities of performance and correctness. However, other software qualities have received less attention, such as the qualities of usability, maintainability, testability and reusability. </p> <p> Presented in this work is a survey titled "Survey on Developing Scientific Computing Software," which is apparently the first conducted to explore the current approaches to SC software development and to determine which qualities of SC software are in most need of improvement. From the survey, we found that systematic development process is frequently not adopted in the SC software community, since 58% of respondents mentioned that their entire development process potentially consists only of coding and debugging. Moreover, semi-formal and formal specification is rarely used when developing SC software, which is suggested by the fact that 70% of respondents indicate that they only use informal specification. </p> <p> In terms of the problems in SC software development, which are discovered by analyzing the survey results, a solution is proposed to improve the quality of SC software by using SE methodologies, concretely, using a modified Parnas' Rational Design Process (PRDP) and the Unified Software Development Process (USDP). A comparison of the two candidate processes is provided to help SC software practitioners determine which of the two processes fits their particular situation. To clarify the discussion of PRDP and USDP for SC software and to help SC software practitioners better understand how to use PRDP and USDP in SC software, a completely documented one-dimensional numerical integration solver (ONIS) example is presented for both PRDP and USDP. </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Master of Science

Yes / The School of Law University of Bradford is a modern law school with a growing research portfolio on various aspects of sustainable development law and policy. We support an active research community which comprises our academics, our students, and external partners, leading on, and collaborating in, world-class research which is academically rigorous, innovative, applicable to real life, can positively influence policy and practice and promote social justice. For this purpose, we collaborate with academic, third sector, professional and industry partners at national and international levels to foster an active research community, social justice and innovative, policy-oriented research. The term ‘just transition’ has recently evolved from a process that seeks to galvanize a change in energy production and consumption practices to one which alludes to a transition from a fossil-fuel dependent economy or development approach to a lowcarbon economy. The just transition discourse takes as its point of departure the recognition that fossilfuel dependent economies were characterised by environmental injustice, inequalities or uneven distribution of environmental resources. Hence, the need to protect vulnerable communities, workers and dependent economic systems so that the adverse impact of the transition to a low-carbon economy will be reduced. It is imperative that a holistic approach be taken in recognising the inequalities which have arisen for various stakeholders within and between countries that bear the cost of decarbonization, including historical concerns and environmental (in)justice. Therefore, implementing just transition requires an overview of social equality; inclusive participation; distributive justice; policy reform and implementation of judicial and non-judicial mechanisms for access to environmental justice. Hence, the conference provided a forum to identify diverse pathways for implementing just transition, explore how inequalities arise from these transitions, and highlight effective legal frameworks for access to environmental justice at the international and national levels.

Yes / Beverley Lucas and her colleagues give us a big green welcome to the Ecoversity of Bradford In 2005, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce) stated that ‘the greatest contribution a university can make to sustainable development is through the education of their graduates’. The University of Bradford took up the gauntlet, embedding sustainable development in all areas of its campus whilst also transforming the curriculum across the university to educate for sustainable development. This led to them coining themselves an ecoversity. / The authors would like to thank the National HE STEM Programme for funding this project.

Psychosis encompasses a constellation of symptoms that have far-reaching social, physical and functional consequences for sufferers. One of the key clinical concerns in the management of psychotic illnesses is the risk of suicide, which is greatest in the early stages of psychosis. Hopelessness is consistently associated with risk for suicide but as a concept it is not well defined and is not specific enough to be of use in prediction of suicide. Future-directed thinking, particularly regarding positive future events, constitutes an aspect of hopelessness that is closely associated with risk for suicide. This study employed the Future Thinking Task to investigate whether future-directed thinking in first episode psychosis is significantly different from that of matched controls in performance or content, and to clarify the nature of its association with suicide risk in this patient group. In addition, the association of future-directed thinking with the negative symptoms of psychosis was investigated. The results showed that individuals with psychosis were impaired in future-directed thinking globally, particularly with respect to the coming year. Specific deficits were shown in the domains of relations with other people and personal development and understanding. Associations were shown between future-directed thinking and suicide, and reduced positive future-directed thinking was shown to be strongly associated with increased severity of negative symptoms. The results suggest avenues for novel interventions to improve hopelessness, suicide risk and the severity of negative symptoms in psychotic illness, and thereby improve functional outcomes.

Resumé Agreement on the Future Agreement according to the arrangement of Commercial Code The thesis deals with the institute of a contract about a future contract in the sense of a commercially legal adjustment. Although the focus is on the analysis of the legal institute according to its currently valid arrangement, the thesis also contains a brief historical excursus about the development of the pacta de contrahendo institute. The reason for it is the fact that a contract about a future contract is a legal institute with a long history which dates in the Roman law, where there cannot be any doubt that the long historical development of the institute of a contract about a future contract contributed to the forming of its current form and concept. From the point of view of the valid legal adjustment of a contract about a future contract implemented by the code of law the thesis deals with single necessities of this legal institute, as to say with the subjects which can conclude a contract about a future contract with essential necessities which condition its valid negotiation. It is also dealt with the consequences of breaking the obligations following from concluding pacta de contrahendo. Collaterally with the analysis of the valid commercially legal adjustment of the pacta de contrahendo institute there...

The aim of this study has been to create a future scenario of what archiving might look like in the future. The main theory used in the study comes from future studies, but also a theory about the social impact of technology on work were used. The questions that were analysed were about the tasks of the archivist, the appearance of the archival institution, collaboration with other LAM institutions, knowledge requirements for the archivist and the amount of archivist positions. The method used in the study was scenario writing, which derives from future studies. The source material consisted among other things of regulations and laws related to archiving together with some archival manuals. The tasks of the future archivist will probably consist of the same tasks as those of present archivists who work with digital archiving, even though archivists probably forever also will have to work a little with paper records. The future archival institution will probably retain its paper records and keep its digital records on digital storage media. The digital records will probably be accessed on the Internet. The cooperation between archives, libraries and museums will probably be more developed in the future, even though they won't grow together totally. Archival education in the future will probably consist of two year master's programs. There are not much suggesting that the amount of archival jobs would decline in the future. This is a two years master's thesis in archival science. / Arkiv, bibliotek och museer i det framtida samhället