Physiological signals, which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), could be used to detect the affective state of computer users and therefore find applications in medicine and engineering. The Pupil Diameter (PD) seems to provide a strong indication of the affective state, as found by previous research, but it has not been investigated fully yet. In this study, new approaches based on monitoring and processing the PD signal for off-line and on-line affective assessment (“relaxation” vs. “stress”) are proposed. Wavelet denoising and Kalman filtering methods are first used to remove abrupt changes in the raw Pupil Diameter (PD) signal. Then three features (PDmean, PDmax and PDWalsh) are extracted from the preprocessed PD signal for the affective state classification. In order to select more relevant and reliable physiological data for further analysis, two types of data selection methods are applied, which are based on the paired t-test and subject self-evaluation, respectively. In addition, five different kinds of the classifiers are implemented on the selected data, which achieve average accuracies up to 86.43% and 87.20%, respectively. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is utilized to investigate the discriminating potential of each individual feature by evaluation of the area under the ROC curve, which reaches values above 0.90. For the on-line affective assessment, a hard threshold is implemented first in order to remove the eye blinks from the PD signal and then a moving average window is utilized to obtain the representative value PDr for every one-second time interval of PD. There are three main steps for the on-line affective assessment algorithm, which are preparation, feature-based decision voting and affective determination. The final results show that the accuracies are 72.30% and 73.55% for the data subsets, which were respectively chosen using two types of data selection methods (paired t-test and subject self-evaluation). In order to further analyze the efficiency of affective recognition through the PD signal, the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was also monitored and processed. The highest affective assessment classification rate obtained from GSR processing is only 63.57% (based on the off-line processing algorithm). The overall results confirm that the PD signal should be considered as one of the most powerful physiological signals to involve in future automated real-time affective recognition systems, especially for detecting the “relaxation” vs. “stress” states.

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This thesis deals with design of a DC/DC converter for powering the oscilloscope. The main parameters for selecting a suitable inverter are: galvanic isolation of input and output parts of the inverter and low parasitic capacitance of galvanic isolation. The required power of the inverter is 100 W and the output voltage is 325 V. The introduction briefly explains why the DC/DC converter with transformer will be used. The first part of the work deals with the selection of a suitable types of DC/DC converter with transformer for powering the oscilloscope. The next part is devoted to designing of the power parts of resonant converter and single acting flyback converter. This is followed by a complete design of a single-acting flyback converter, including the realization and measurement of the time courses of important quantities.

Tato dizertační práce představuje novou techniku laterární rezonanční vazby, která je využita v návrhu galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který je následně implementován v 800 V půlmůstkovém kontroléru pro průmyslové aplikace. Ve srovnání s tradičními galvanickými izolátory jsou výrobní náklady tohoto řešení nižší. Pro aplikace vyžadující vyšší úroveň galvanické izolace je popsán následný vývoj galvanicky izolovaného posouvače úrovně, který využívá pouze jeden galvanicky oddělený posouvač úrovní pro komunikaci v obou směrech, což výrazně snižuje plochu struktury izolátoru. Jako součást následného návrhu je představen galvanický izolátor který je schopen přenášet analogovou hodnotu napětí. Analogový izolátor byl testován v reálné aplikaci síťového spínaného zdroje jako náhrada standardního optočlenu. Tato konstrukce umožňuje integraci primárních a sekundárních obvodů v jednom pouzdře, což umožní snížit složitost a cenu spínaného zdroje.

This master thesis is based on realization of the previous university project, design of locomotive reconstruction and solving accompanying problems. In this thesis there are described all parts of a converter. The end of thesis involved theory about driver circuits of power transistors IGBT. Nowadays is still more often to think about reconstruction of the old technology rather than design a complete new construction. Investors take this decision from the financial reasons and because to the old technology designer can add only the converter. In this instant we talk about electrical locomotive, there should be kept a supply transformer and a driving unit (DC engine). The aim of this thesis is to design the converter between these two basic parts. The converter must taking the quasi-sinusoidal current which is in the phase with the input voltage, also must be able to control the engine and recuperate energy back to the network. For realization of these conditions, the converter must contain the active rectifier working in the DC-link and from which the step-down DC/DC converter is fed. Converter output is connected to the driving unit. The digital control of the power transistors is provided by processor MOTOROLA DSP56F. The control impulses, switching the power transistors, go through the driver circuits to transistors. All problems are described in the following text.

In dieser Arbeit wurde das elektrochemische Korrosionsverhalten von zwei Nietverbindungen in Hybridbauweise untersucht. Auf der Grundlage von elektrochemischen Polarisationsversuchen der Nietkomponenten sowie durch Simulation mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente konnte das Korrosionsverhalten für den gefügten Zustand abgeleitet werden. Das Korrosionsverhalten für den gefügten Zustand wurde aus der grafischen Analyse der erhaltenen Stromdichte-Potential-Kurven abgeleitet. Zudem wurde in der Simulation ein kritischer Abstand für galvanisch induzierte Lochkorrosion auf der Aluminiumlegierung berechnet. Das grafisch abgeleitete sowie das berechnete Korrosionsverhalten wurden für beide Nietverbindungen im Experiment bestätigt. Weiterhin wurde ein systemspezifischer Werkstoffparameter mit einer neuentwickelten Analysemethode extrahiert und dessen Abhängigkeit von der Expositionszeit der Nietverbindungen in dem Klimawechseltest nach VDA 621-415 und dem VDA 621-414 Freibewitterungstest untersucht.

In dieser Arbeit wurde die Korrosion an Kanten und Flanschen unter unterschiedlichen Klimabedingungen und räumlichen Anordnungen untersucht und modelliert. Auf Basis von Versuchsdaten konnten Simulationsmodelle zur Vorhersage der Delaminationsweite an Kanten und der Korrosionstiefe in Flanschen entwickelt werden. Mittels Stromdichte-Spannungskurven und elektrochemischer Impedanzspektroskopie wurde die Korrosionskinetik sowie die Barrierewirkung der organischen Beschichtung in das Modell überführt. Das unterschiedliche Korrosionsverhalten von vertikal und horizontal orientierten Kanten wurde durch die von Elektrolyt benetzte Fläche berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Klimaparameter in zyklischen Wechselklimatests numerisch modelliert. Durch die Kombination empirischer Simulationsparameter konnte der Zyklus eines Wechselklimatests sowohl integral, als auch differentiell unter Berücksichtigung wechselnder Testparameter modelliert werden. Zur Modellierung der Flanschkorrosion wurde ein grundlegendes Potentialmodell vorgestellt.

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