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The Role of Contract within the Liberalization of Gas Station Market in TaiwanSung, Li-Chiu 30 August 2001 (has links)
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The Role of Contract within the Liberalization of Gas Station Market in TaiwanSung, Li-Chiu 30 August 2001 (has links)
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The partnership between oil suppliers and gas station owners based on the KMV modelWu, Hsin-Hsin 05 August 2003 (has links)
Traditional business process has provoked by advanced information technology and toward a collaborative and cooperative long-term orientation partnership rather than a short-term transactional relationship. Since opened market and loosened regulations on oil products and oil business in Taiwan, gas station industries have competed fiercely that results in a changed relationship with oil suppliers. This article aims to apply the KMV model conceptualized by Morgan & Hunt in 1994 to examine the cooperative partnership between oil suppliers and gas stations owners in Taiwan. 96 effective respondents of 269 samples from five regions, including Tainan county/ city, Kaohsiung county/ city and Pingtung county. The findings demonstrate the importance of relationship benefits, trust, relationship commitment, communication and opportunistic behavior between exchanging partners, whereas acquiescence, propensity to leave, cooperation and uncertainty affected by relationship commitment and trust. And trust is a mediating variable to relationship commitment and cooperation. Some managerial suggestions are given.
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Gas station managers' management competency, human resource management and work motivation on operational performance.Tseng, Hsin-chieh 03 August 2006 (has links)
The oil price in the global market hit new records in the recent years. Under the circumstance of opened market and fierce competition, the gas station industries toward lower profit due to high operation cost plus price war and intensive promotion. The station managers are responsible for operation management, market analysis, administrative, personnel as well as sale. Although the station scale is small, it is a business unit indeed. In the diversity of management and competition environment, the station managers shall possess not only the ability of certain expert or supervisory but also multiply requirement. Except personal technical skill, the station managers with the competency of human resource management are one of key successful factors. This research is trying to find out the human resource management is necessary for the station managers. Furthermore, this research would like to find out the interaction effects of management competency, human resource management and work motivation on operational performance.
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加油站多角化經營模式與創新之研究 / A reaserch of gas station's business diversification and innovation陳俊彥 Unknown Date (has links)
綜觀國外加油站產業經營方式,多朝向三大方向發展:一是『開源』,意即進行多角化發展,目的是希望引起來加油消費顧客增加其他消費,提高客單價或使顧客因被某項多角化服務所吸引而順便前往消費,以增加本業收入,此類加油站的設置朝向單站規模大型化與綜合化的方向發展;二是『節流』,主要在推行加油自助化發展,更新設施設備轉向自動化,以自動化設備取代用人力,降低人事費用成本,擁有成本優勢的業者,自然得以較低的油品價格吸引客人前往消費,此類加油站的設置朝管理標準化與資訊化的方向發展;第三則是『創新』,主要係提供差異性或異業結盟服務,擴大服務範疇,以提供加油的客戶更便利綜合性的服務為訴求。
基於國內日益競爭的加油站市場,所導致的贈品發送,現金降價等促銷戰。本研究目的在探討現有國內外加油站多角化經營模式、參考國外發展歷程,試圖在國內受限的法規環境之下,提出三種實務上可行的加油站創新服務經營模式:整合型多元積點制度、整合CRM之智慧型車輛保修服務及加油站Drive-Thru購物模式,以期把民眾對加油站的觀感由簡單的加油轉換至提供多功能貼心服務的通路,期待本文所提之創新服務方案,能實際為目前加油站業者採納與應用,為國內的消費者帶來更多的附加價值與生活便利,帶領國內加油站服務走向優質化服務的新境界,創造業者與消費者雙贏的局面。
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Fatores inibidores do uso de t?cnicas ambientais nos postos de combust?veis: um estudo de caso em Natal/RN / Inhibiting factors of use of environmental techniques in the gas station: a study of the case Natal/RNSan?a, Ros?ngela de Lima Ros?rio 19 May 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The objective of this work was to investigate the factors that inhibit the use of Environmental Techniques in the Gas Station of the city of Natal/RN. For this, a survey with the aid of a questionnaire was used like research instrument. It s used a sample for convenience, not probabilistic. For collection of the data, it was used directly application of the questionnaire to the Managers or Assistant managers of the gas station, in accordance with its availability or presence. The data was collected in all the regions of Natal (North, South, East and West). The population in accordance with the data of the ANP of September 2005 is of 111 ranks and the collected sample was of 86. To carry through the analysis of the data of this research had been used softwares Excel and Statistic version 5.0, for Windows. The analysis of data is divided in two parts; descriptive analysis and analysis of groupings (clusters). The results showed that bigger part of the interviewed ones has between 30 and 39 years of age; they have second grade completed; they had declared to have little between and reasonable knowledge how much to the use of Clean Technology (CT) in gas station; and a small part of the interviewed ones had informed to have much knowledge how much the resolutions of the CONAMA established for the Gas Station. Of the searched ranks, the majority is national(76.7%); the most accurate practice environmental used in the gas station are: it collects selective of oil used or contaminated and ecological tanks - coated with strengthened fibre glass; great part of the interviewed ones (33.8%) informed that never the TL makes planning of referring future action; about of the half of the interviewed ones (84.9%) they had more declared that its employees have of none to a reasonable level of training for deal with problems that compromise the environment; the majority of the ranks (72.1%) functions has for more then six years. It is observed that almost all the interviewed ones (96.5%) evaluate as being important or very important the implantation of CT in Gas Station and the great majority (82.1%) evaluates the difficulty in if implanting these technologies in Gas Station as being easy or very easy. In the analysis of cluster, it was verified existence of two groupings (as much in the variable of the barriers and benefits), being that inside of each clusters exists homogeneity and between clusters exists heterogeneity. In reality, everything is important or very important in the opinion of the interviewed ones. There only exists a small significant difference that separates them in clusters / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os fatores que inibem o uso de T?cnicas Ambientais nos Postos de Combust?veis da cidade de Natal/RN. Para isso, foi utilizado um procedimento de pesquisa do tipo Survey (levantamento) com o aux?lio de um question?rio, identificado como sendo o instrumento de pesquisa. Utilizou-se a amostra por conveni?ncia, n?o probabil?stico. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a aplica??o do question?rio diretamente aos Gerentes ou Sub-gerentes dos Postos, de acordo com a sua disponibilidade ou presen?a. Os dados foram coletados em todas as regi?es de Natal (Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste). A popula??o de acordo com os dados da ANP de Setembro 2005 ? de 111 postos (atualizados) e a amostra coletada foi de 86. Para realizar a an?lise dos dados desta pesquisa foram utilizados os softwares Excel e Statistica vers?o 5.0, para Windows. A an?lise de dados ? dividida em duas partes: an?lise descritiva e an?lise de agrupamentos (clusters). Os resultados mostraram que maior parte dos entrevistados t?m entre 30 e 39 anos de idade; t?m 2? grau completo; declararam ter entre pouco e razo?vel conhecimento quanto ao uso de TL em postos de combust?vel; e uma pequena parte dos entrevistados informaram ter muito conhecimento quanto as resolu??es do CONAMA estabelecidas para os Postos de combust?vel. Dos postos pesquisados, a maioria ? nacional (76,7%); as pr?ticas ambientalmente corretas mais usadas nos postos s?o: coleta seletiva de ?leo usado ou contaminado e tanques ecol?gicos - revestidos com fibra de vidro refor?ada; grande parte dos entrevistados (33,8%) informou que nunca fazem planejamento de a??o futura referente a TL; cerca de mais da metade dos entrevistados (84,9%) declararam que os seus funcion?rios t?m de nenhum a um razo?vel n?vel de treinamento para lidarem com problemas que comprometem o meio ambiente; a maioria dos postos (72,1%) funcionam h? mais de 6 anos. Observa-se que quase todos os entrevistados (96,5%) avaliam como sendo importante ou muito importante a implanta??o de TL em Postos de combust?vel e a grande maioria (82,1%) avalia a dificuldade em se implantar essas tecnologias em postos como sendo f?cil ou muito f?cil. Na an?lise de cluster, verificou-se a exist?ncia de dois agrupamentos (tantos nas vari?veis das barreiras e benef?cios), sendo que dentro de cada clusters existe homogeneidade e entre clusters existe heterogeneidade. Na verdade, tudo ? importante ou muito importante na opini?o dos entrevistados. Existe apenas uma pequena diferen?a significativa que os separa em clusters
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Simulating the daily gasoline price-setting behaviour of gas stations in Cincinnati by agent-based modelingZhou, Li January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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"Avaliação da contaminação da água subterrânea de poços tubulares, por combustíveis fósseis, no município de Santo André, São Paulo: Uma contribuição à gestão ambiental" / EVALUATION OF UNDERGROUND WATER CONTAMINATION OF TUBULAR WELLS, BY FUELS OIL IN SANTO ANDRÉ CITY, SÃO PAULO STATE: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTMindrisz, Ana Copat 19 June 2006 (has links)
A contaminação de águas subterrâneas por hidrocarbonetos provenientes de postos de abastecimento de combustível tem sido objeto de crescente preocupação dos organismos ambientais de todo o mundo. Os compostos Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e Xilenos (BTEX), presentes nesses combustíveis, são extremamente tóxicos à saúde humana e podem inviabilizar a exploração de aqüíferos por eles contaminados e conseqüentemente os poços utilizados para abastecimento. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um diagnóstico da qualidade da água, com informações e análises, com o objetivo de retratar a situação dos poços artesianos destinados ao abastecimento de água, doméstico e comercial, na área urbana do município de Santo André, São Paulo. Foram avaliadas a presença dos micro poluentes BTEX, após a ocorrência de vazamentos de gasolina de tanques de armazenamento de combustível próximos a estes poços, em diferentes locais do município. Foram avaliados também parâmetros físico-químicos (cor, turbidez e cloro residual) bem como os elementos-traço, metais e os ânions fluoreto, sulfato, cloreto, nitrato e fosfato, como também os bacteriológicos (coliformes totais e termotolerantes, bactérias heterotróficas). Na definição dos locais amostrados, procurou-se primeiramente avaliar a série histórica de contaminação ambiental por postos de gasolina, avaliando o conjunto de informações do órgão ambiental do Estado e a representatividade espacial do problema. Para gerenciamento da qualidade da água subterrânea foi adotada a metodologia utilizada pela Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), sendo realizado uma identificação prévia de Áreas Potenciais (AP) de contaminação, organizando um banco de dados sobre lixões e locais abandonados; cadastramento dos postos de serviço e poços utilizados pela população e inventário industrial com plantas ativas e abandonadas, levando-se em consideração o porte e a geração de resíduos (com o SEMASA), dessa forma priorizando os locais de monitoramento. Foi feito um cadastro dos locais e realizada uma investigação preliminar das áreas suspeitas. A amostragem e o monitoramento foram realizados e os resultados foram comparados com os valores orientadores para água subterrânea estabelecidos pela CETESB. Os resultados mostraram que nos doze poços avaliados, não foram encontrados valores de BTEX acima do permitido pela Portaria 518/2004 do Ministério de Saúde, em que o teor máximo permitido para o benzeno é de 5 µg L-1. Foi observado que em três poços há contaminação por nitrato, que é responsável pela indução da metaemoglobinemia. Foram avaliados também os possíveis processos ou mecanismos de remediação natural (biodegradação) ou induzida. / The contamination of underground waters by hydrocarbons originated from gas stations has been object of increasing preoccupation in environmental organization all over the world. The organic compounds Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX), present in these fuels, are extremely toxic to human health and could make impracticable the exploration of these contaminated waters by these kinds of pollutants and consequently the gasoline wells used for this purpose. In this work, it was carried out a diagnosis of the water quality with information and analyses, with the goals to snap shot the situation of the wells destinated to domestic and commercial supply of water in the urban area of Santo André city, São Paulo state. There have been evaluated the presence of micron pollutants BTEX, after contamination due to leaks in fuel storage tanks close to the wells, in different places of the city. The physical chemistry parameters like color, turbidity and residual chlorine were also evaluated as well as trace elements, metals, anions like fluorine, sulphates, chlorine, nitrates and phosphates and bacteriological (total coliphorms, themostable coliphorms, heterotrophic bacterias). On definition of the sampling area, it was sought, at first, the evaluation of environmental contaminations historical series by gas stations, evaluating the set of information available at government environmental organizations and spacial representativety of the problem. For administration of the underground water quality it was adopted the methodology used by Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), being accomplished a previous identification of contamined potencial areas and organizing a data base on landfills disposal and negleted places; registration of gas station services and, wells used by the population, industrial inventory with active and negleted maps taking into consideration the size and residues generation (such as SEMASA), prioritizing in this way the monitoring places. It was made registrations of places and preliminary investigation of suspicious areas was accomplished. The sampling and monitoring were carried out and the results were compared with the standard values for underground water that are established by CETESB. The results showed that in the twelve wells evaluated were not found values of BTEX above the recommended by Law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry in which the allowed value for benzene is 5 µg L-1. It was observed that three of the twelve wells studied were contamined with nitrate, which is responsible for Methemoglobinemia induction. They were appraised also the processes or mechanisms of natural (biodegradation) or induced remediation.
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"Avaliação da contaminação da água subterrânea de poços tubulares, por combustíveis fósseis, no município de Santo André, São Paulo: Uma contribuição à gestão ambiental" / EVALUATION OF UNDERGROUND WATER CONTAMINATION OF TUBULAR WELLS, BY FUELS OIL IN SANTO ANDRÉ CITY, SÃO PAULO STATE: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTAna Copat Mindrisz 19 June 2006 (has links)
A contaminação de águas subterrâneas por hidrocarbonetos provenientes de postos de abastecimento de combustível tem sido objeto de crescente preocupação dos organismos ambientais de todo o mundo. Os compostos Benzeno, Tolueno, Etilbenzeno e Xilenos (BTEX), presentes nesses combustíveis, são extremamente tóxicos à saúde humana e podem inviabilizar a exploração de aqüíferos por eles contaminados e conseqüentemente os poços utilizados para abastecimento. Neste trabalho, foi realizado um diagnóstico da qualidade da água, com informações e análises, com o objetivo de retratar a situação dos poços artesianos destinados ao abastecimento de água, doméstico e comercial, na área urbana do município de Santo André, São Paulo. Foram avaliadas a presença dos micro poluentes BTEX, após a ocorrência de vazamentos de gasolina de tanques de armazenamento de combustível próximos a estes poços, em diferentes locais do município. Foram avaliados também parâmetros físico-químicos (cor, turbidez e cloro residual) bem como os elementos-traço, metais e os ânions fluoreto, sulfato, cloreto, nitrato e fosfato, como também os bacteriológicos (coliformes totais e termotolerantes, bactérias heterotróficas). Na definição dos locais amostrados, procurou-se primeiramente avaliar a série histórica de contaminação ambiental por postos de gasolina, avaliando o conjunto de informações do órgão ambiental do Estado e a representatividade espacial do problema. Para gerenciamento da qualidade da água subterrânea foi adotada a metodologia utilizada pela Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), sendo realizado uma identificação prévia de Áreas Potenciais (AP) de contaminação, organizando um banco de dados sobre lixões e locais abandonados; cadastramento dos postos de serviço e poços utilizados pela população e inventário industrial com plantas ativas e abandonadas, levando-se em consideração o porte e a geração de resíduos (com o SEMASA), dessa forma priorizando os locais de monitoramento. Foi feito um cadastro dos locais e realizada uma investigação preliminar das áreas suspeitas. A amostragem e o monitoramento foram realizados e os resultados foram comparados com os valores orientadores para água subterrânea estabelecidos pela CETESB. Os resultados mostraram que nos doze poços avaliados, não foram encontrados valores de BTEX acima do permitido pela Portaria 518/2004 do Ministério de Saúde, em que o teor máximo permitido para o benzeno é de 5 µg L-1. Foi observado que em três poços há contaminação por nitrato, que é responsável pela indução da metaemoglobinemia. Foram avaliados também os possíveis processos ou mecanismos de remediação natural (biodegradação) ou induzida. / The contamination of underground waters by hydrocarbons originated from gas stations has been object of increasing preoccupation in environmental organization all over the world. The organic compounds Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX), present in these fuels, are extremely toxic to human health and could make impracticable the exploration of these contaminated waters by these kinds of pollutants and consequently the gasoline wells used for this purpose. In this work, it was carried out a diagnosis of the water quality with information and analyses, with the goals to snap shot the situation of the wells destinated to domestic and commercial supply of water in the urban area of Santo André city, São Paulo state. There have been evaluated the presence of micron pollutants BTEX, after contamination due to leaks in fuel storage tanks close to the wells, in different places of the city. The physical chemistry parameters like color, turbidity and residual chlorine were also evaluated as well as trace elements, metals, anions like fluorine, sulphates, chlorine, nitrates and phosphates and bacteriological (total coliphorms, themostable coliphorms, heterotrophic bacterias). On definition of the sampling area, it was sought, at first, the evaluation of environmental contaminations historical series by gas stations, evaluating the set of information available at government environmental organizations and spacial representativety of the problem. For administration of the underground water quality it was adopted the methodology used by Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), being accomplished a previous identification of contamined potencial areas and organizing a data base on landfills disposal and negleted places; registration of gas station services and, wells used by the population, industrial inventory with active and negleted maps taking into consideration the size and residues generation (such as SEMASA), prioritizing in this way the monitoring places. It was made registrations of places and preliminary investigation of suspicious areas was accomplished. The sampling and monitoring were carried out and the results were compared with the standard values for underground water that are established by CETESB. The results showed that in the twelve wells evaluated were not found values of BTEX above the recommended by Law 518/2004 of the Health Ministry in which the allowed value for benzene is 5 µg L-1. It was observed that three of the twelve wells studied were contamined with nitrate, which is responsible for Methemoglobinemia induction. They were appraised also the processes or mechanisms of natural (biodegradation) or induced remediation.
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Quais são os determinantes do preço do combustível gasolina no mercado brasileiro?D´Oliveira, Rúbia Baptista 02 1900 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Esse artigo analisa os determinantes do preço do combustível gasolina. Atualmente a gasolina é utilizada por aproximadamente 60% dos veículos leves no Brasil e tem uma parcela relevante no consumo das famílias, portanto é preciso que o consumidor conheça profundamente como funciona o mercado desse produto, desde o produtor até o consumidor final, e principalmente que saiba como é formado o seu preço. O artigo busca então compreender quais são os determinantes do preço de revenda do combustível gasolina no mercado brasileiro e também entender por que ocorrem divergências nos preços dentro de uma mesma cidade. / This article analyzes the determinants of the price of gasoline fuel. Currently, gasoline is used by approximately 60% of light vehicles in Brazil, and has a significant share of household consumption, so it is necessary for the consumer to know deeply how the market of this product works, from the producer to the final consumer, and especially knows how its price is formed. The article then seeks to understand the determinants of the price of gasoline fuel in the Brazilian market, and also to understand why there are divergences in prices within the same city.
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