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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Filogenia molecular de fungos gasteroides das ordens Phallales e Geastrales (Phallomycetidae) / Molecular phylogeny of gasteroid fungi from phallales And geastrales orders (phallomycetidae)

Cabral, Tiara Sousa 15 July 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiaraSC_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 3904486 bytes, checksum: c7dbd69e3fa57b6310c7eaf6781c6f83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-15 / Gasteroids fungi are characterized by the basidiospores maturation inside the basidioma, from which spores liberation occurs in a passive manner. These fungi were once seen as a well definite class of Basidiomycota, but nowadays they are considered an artificial assemblage, because the organisms have independent evolutionary histories forming a polyphyletic group with a vast morphological variety. Despite their diversity, studies with this group in the tropics are incipient, and the phylogenetic relationships of the species from temperate climate remain unknown. Thus, this work aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of gasteroids fungi from the Geastrales and Phallales orders, with the inclusion of tropical and temperate species, and with these analyses suggest a systematic position of species like Asero? floriformis and Phallus roseus, as well as to verify if the lignicolous habit can indicate parental relationship in the Geastrum genus. For this, basidiomata were collected at Atlantic rain forest areas, during the rainy season, and the specimen identification followed specific literature for gasteroid fungi. The phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Analysis, making use of RPB2 and 28S nuclear genes and atp6 mitochondrial gene. It could be observed on the Phallales dendogram, that Asero? floriformis did not cluster with A. rubra, and that it has an anterior divergence from all others species of the family Clathraceae used in this analysis, assuming a basal position in the clade. Phallus roseus, which once was recognized as Itajahya, has previous divergence from the group formed by Phallus species. At the Geastrales dendogram, in the group corresponding to Geastrum genus, it could be observed that species with lignicolous habitat clustered in a clade with high support values. So, the results suggest the creation of a new genus to accommodate A. floriformis, and the revalidation of Itajahya, as well as it can be affirmed that the lignicolous habitat on the Geastrum genus in fact indicates parental relationships, and that it has arised only once at the evolutionary history of the genus / Os fungos gasteroides s?o reconhecidos pela matura??o dos basidi?sporos dentro do basidioma, cuja libera??o ocorre de forma passiva. Esses fungos j? foram vistos como uma classe bem definida de Basidiomycota, mas atualmente s?o considerados um grupo artificial, por tratar-se de organismos com hist?rias evolutivas independentes formando um grupo polifil?tico com grande diversidade morfol?gica. Apesar da grande diversidade, estudos com esse grupo nos tr?picos ainda ? incipiente, e as rela??es filogen?ticas com esp?cies de regi?es temperadas permanecem desconhecidas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho elucidar as rela??es filogen?ticas de fungos gasteroides das ordens Geastrales e Phallales, com a inclus?o de esp?cies tropicais e de regi?es temperadas, e atrav?s dessas an?lises conhecer a rela??o de Asero? floriformis e Phallus roseus com outros membros do grupo, assim como verificar se o h?bito lign?cola em Geastrum pode indicar rela??o de parentesco. Para isso, coletas de basidiomas foram realizadas em ?reas de Mata Atl?ntica em per?odo chuvoso, com a identifica??o dos esp?cimes seguindo bibliografia espec?fica para fungos gasteroides. Para as an?lises filogen?ticas foram utilizados os m?todos de M?xima Parcim?nia e An?lise Bayesiana, utilizando-se os genes nucleares RPB2 e 28S, e o gene mitocondrial atp6. Observou-se no dendograma obtido para a ordem Phallales, que Asero? floriformis n?o se agrupou com A. rubra, apresentando diverg?ncia anterior a todas as esp?cies da fam?lia Clathraceae utilizadas na an?lise, assumindo uma posi??o basal no clado. J? Phallus roseus, antes reconhecido como Itajahya, possui diverg?ncia anterior ao grupo formado pelas esp?cies de Phallus. No dendograma da ordem Geastrales, no grupamento correspondente ao g?nero Geastrum, p?de-se observar esp?cies que possuem h?bito lign?cola se agrupando com alto valor de suporte. Assim, os resultados sugerem a cria??o de um novo g?nero para acomodar A. floriformis, e a revalida??o do g?nero Itajahya, assim como se pode afirmar que o h?bito lign?cola em Geastrum de fato indica rela??es de parentesco, aparentemente tendo surgindo apenas uma vez na hist?ria evolutiva do grupo

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