Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoFP_DISSERT.pdf: 3254971 bytes, checksum: 666bff1f504640cbd921f0cfa57dcb29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / A taxonomic survey of representatives of the genus Geastrum took place during the rainy season from 2006 to 2009 in four districts in the state of Rio Grande do Norte: Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal (Atlantic Forest), Mata do Jiqui EMPARN (Atlantic Forest) and Esta??o Ecol?gica do Serid? (Caatinga). Fourteen species were recorded: G. entomophilum, G. fimbriatum, G. hirsutum, G. javanicum, G. lageniforme, G. lloydianum, G. minimum, G. morganii, G. ovalisporum, G. pectinatum, G. saccatum, G. schweinitzii, G. setiferum and G. triplex. Of these species, eleven occurred in the Atlantic Forest and six in the Caatinga. A new species has been recorded to science, G. entomophilum, other as a first record for Brazil, G. morganii, six new records for the Northeast, and ten new records for Rio Grande do Norte. The material was tumbled in the Herbarium UFRN. Additionally, a survey of the species of the genus deposited in the Herbarium UFRN was accomplished, resulting in 244 herbarium specimens belonging to thirty-three species. Of these ones, twenty-three were collected in Brazil and ten are from Czech Republic, Europe, as donation from the VZ Herbarium / Um levantamento taxon?mico de representantes do g?nero Geastrum foi realizado no per?odo chuvoso de 2006 a 2009 em tr?s localidades do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, a saber: Parque Estadual Dunas do Natal (Mata Atl?ntica); Mata do Jiqui (Mata Atl?ntica); e Esta??o Ecol?gica do Serid? (Caatinga). Quatorze esp?cies foram registradas: G. entomophilum, G. fimbriatum, G. hirsutum, G. javanicum, G. lageniforme, G. lloydianum, G. minimum, G. morganii, G. ovalisporum, G. pectinatum, G. saccatum, G. schweinitzii, G. setiferum e G. triplex. Destas, onze esp?cies ocorreram na Mata Atl?ntica e seis na Caatinga. Uma esp?cie nova para ci?ncia foi registrada, G. entomophilum; um primeiro registro para o Brasil, G. morganii; seis novos registros para o Nordeste; e dez novos registros para o Rio Grande do Norte. O material foi tombado no Herb?rio UFRN. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um levantamento das esp?cies do g?nero depositadas no Herb?rio UFRN, resultando em 244 exsicatas, pertencentes a trinta e tr?s esp?cies. Destas, vinte e tr?s foram coletadas no Brasil, e dez s?o procedentes da Europa, Rep?blica Tcheca, doa??o do Herb?rio VZ

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TiaraSC_DISSERT_PARCIAL.pdf: 3904486 bytes, checksum: c7dbd69e3fa57b6310c7eaf6781c6f83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-15 / Gasteroids fungi are characterized by the basidiospores maturation inside the basidioma, from which spores liberation occurs in a passive manner. These fungi were once seen as a well definite class of Basidiomycota, but nowadays they are considered an artificial assemblage, because the organisms have independent evolutionary histories forming a polyphyletic group with a vast morphological variety. Despite their diversity, studies with this group in the tropics are incipient, and the phylogenetic relationships of the species from temperate climate remain unknown. Thus, this work aimed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of gasteroids fungi from the Geastrales and Phallales orders, with the inclusion of tropical and temperate species, and with these analyses suggest a systematic position of species like Asero? floriformis and Phallus roseus, as well as to verify if the lignicolous habit can indicate parental relationship in the Geastrum genus. For this, basidiomata were collected at Atlantic rain forest areas, during the rainy season, and the specimen identification followed specific literature for gasteroid fungi. The phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Analysis, making use of RPB2 and 28S nuclear genes and atp6 mitochondrial gene. It could be observed on the Phallales dendogram, that Asero? floriformis did not cluster with A. rubra, and that it has an anterior divergence from all others species of the family Clathraceae used in this analysis, assuming a basal position in the clade. Phallus roseus, which once was recognized as Itajahya, has previous divergence from the group formed by Phallus species. At the Geastrales dendogram, in the group corresponding to Geastrum genus, it could be observed that species with lignicolous habitat clustered in a clade with high support values. So, the results suggest the creation of a new genus to accommodate A. floriformis, and the revalidation of Itajahya, as well as it can be affirmed that the lignicolous habitat on the Geastrum genus in fact indicates parental relationships, and that it has arised only once at the evolutionary history of the genus / Os fungos gasteroides s?o reconhecidos pela matura??o dos basidi?sporos dentro do basidioma, cuja libera??o ocorre de forma passiva. Esses fungos j? foram vistos como uma classe bem definida de Basidiomycota, mas atualmente s?o considerados um grupo artificial, por tratar-se de organismos com hist?rias evolutivas independentes formando um grupo polifil?tico com grande diversidade morfol?gica. Apesar da grande diversidade, estudos com esse grupo nos tr?picos ainda ? incipiente, e as rela??es filogen?ticas com esp?cies de regi?es temperadas permanecem desconhecidas. Dessa forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho elucidar as rela??es filogen?ticas de fungos gasteroides das ordens Geastrales e Phallales, com a inclus?o de esp?cies tropicais e de regi?es temperadas, e atrav?s dessas an?lises conhecer a rela??o de Asero? floriformis e Phallus roseus com outros membros do grupo, assim como verificar se o h?bito lign?cola em Geastrum pode indicar rela??o de parentesco. Para isso, coletas de basidiomas foram realizadas em ?reas de Mata Atl?ntica em per?odo chuvoso, com a identifica??o dos esp?cimes seguindo bibliografia espec?fica para fungos gasteroides. Para as an?lises filogen?ticas foram utilizados os m?todos de M?xima Parcim?nia e An?lise Bayesiana, utilizando-se os genes nucleares RPB2 e 28S, e o gene mitocondrial atp6. Observou-se no dendograma obtido para a ordem Phallales, que Asero? floriformis n?o se agrupou com A. rubra, apresentando diverg?ncia anterior a todas as esp?cies da fam?lia Clathraceae utilizadas na an?lise, assumindo uma posi??o basal no clado. J? Phallus roseus, antes reconhecido como Itajahya, possui diverg?ncia anterior ao grupo formado pelas esp?cies de Phallus. No dendograma da ordem Geastrales, no grupamento correspondente ao g?nero Geastrum, p?de-se observar esp?cies que possuem h?bito lign?cola se agrupando com alto valor de suporte. Assim, os resultados sugerem a cria??o de um novo g?nero para acomodar A. floriformis, e a revalida??o do g?nero Itajahya, assim como se pode afirmar que o h?bito lign?cola em Geastrum de fato indica rela??es de parentesco, aparentemente tendo surgindo apenas uma vez na hist?ria evolutiva do grupo

In temperate zone, especially Europe and North America, is the genus Geastrum very well inspected group of Gasteromycetes with long lasting and comprehensive history of research. Our knowledge of the diversity in other areas of distribution, especially in tropics, is more than limited. The aim of this diploma thesis is to contribute for cognition of diversity of this genus in Panama, Costa Rica and Colombia I have collected 86 samples belonging to genus Geastrum during three expeditions to Panama (Chiriqué province) in the years 2015, 2016, 2017. I have characterized those based on morphological and molecular data. I have also studied morphology of 40 borrowed herbarium specimens from Costa Rica, Colombia and Panama. I have successfully sequenced four locuses of DNA from my own samples (ITS, LSU, RPB1 and ATP6). This method had lover efficiency in herbarium specimens due to present contaminations, age of specimens or probably badly stored. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was carried out by Bayesian method and its results have in agreement with morphologic traits shown many lineages new for Panama and moreover at least four new species completely new to science. Variability in species complexes (e.g. G. lageniforme, G. saccatum, G. velutinum) is presented in more detail with emphasis to lineages...