Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Göteborgs universtiet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--Mahidol University, 1982.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Sept. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Τα επίπεδα της γκρελίνης και του PYY μετά από χειρουργείο χολοπαγκρεατικής εκτροπής και Roux-en-Y γαστρικού bypass και μετά από χειρουργείο κολεκτομής: προοπτική συγκριτική μελέτη Οι ορμόνες του γαστρεντερικού γκρελίνη και PYY έχει αποδειχθεί ότι παίζουν κάποιο ρόλο στη ρύθμιση του μεταβολισμού και της όρεξης. Μελετάμε την επίδραση του χειρουργείου της χολοπαγκρεατικής εκτροπής και RYGBP (BPD-RYGBP) στα κυκλοφορούντα επίπεδα της γκρελίνης και του PYY άμεσα μετεγχειρητικά και τα συγκρίνουμε με την αντίστοιχη επίδραση μιας άλλης χειρουργικής επέμβασης της ίδιας βαρύτητας, την κολεκτομή. Μέθοδος. Μελετάμε τα επίπεδα νηστείας της γκρελίνης και του PYY σε 20 παχύσαρκους ασθενείς (super-obese) που υποβλήθηκαν σε BPDRYGBP και σε 13 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε κολεκτομή για καρκίνο παχέος εντέρου. Οι μετρήσεις έγιναν προεγχειρητικά, και τις μετεγχειρητικές ημέρες 1,3,7,30 και 90 και στις δύο ομάδες, καθώς και στον 1 χρόνο στην ομάδα των παχυσάρκων. Αποτελέσματα. Προεγχειρητικά, τα επίπεδα και της γκρελίνης και του PYY ήταν χαμηλότερα στην ομάδα των παχυσάρκων. Μια προσωρινή μείωση των τιμών της γκρελίνης παρατηρήθηκε και στις δύο ομάδες άμεσα μετεγχειρητικά με σταδιακή επάνοδο στα προεγχειρητικά επίπεδα έως τον 3ο μήνα. Επιπλέον τα επίπεδα της γκρελίνης αυξήθηκαν 40%, σε σύγκριση με τα προεγχειρητικά, στην ομάδα των παχυσάρκων στον 1ο χρόνο παρακολούθησης. Τα επίπεδα του PYY στην ομάδα των κολεκτομών μειώθηκαν τις πρώτες 3 μετεγχειρητικές ημέρες και έπειτα επέστρεψαν στα προεγχειρητικά. Σε αντίθεση, τα επίπεδα του PYY στην ομάδα των παχυσάρκων δεν άλλαξαν άμεσα μετεγχειρητικά αλλά αυξήθηκαν σε επίπεδα 50% υψηλότερα στον 3ο μήνα και 170% υψηλότερα στον 1ο χρόνο, σε σύγκριση με τα προεγχειρητικά. Συμπεράσματα. Η μεγάλη μετεγχειρητική αύξηση των επιπέδων της ανορεξιογόνου ορμόνης PYY μετά από BPD-RYGBP μπορεί να παίζει ρόλο στην μειωμένη όρεξη που παρατηρείται μετά από αυτό τον τύπο βαριατρικής επέμβασης. Οι αλλαγές της γκρελίνης μετεγχειρητικά κάνουν τη συμμετοχή της ορμόνης αυτής στη μείωση της όρεξης λιγότερο πιθανή. / Ghrelin and Peptide YY levels anfter a variant of biliopancreatic diversion with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus after colectomy: A prospective comparative study Background. The gastrointestinal peptide hormones ghrelin and PYY, have been shown to play a role in the regulation of metabolism and apetite. We investigate the effect of the biliopancreatic diversion with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (BPD-RYGBP) procedure on the circulating levels of ghrelin and PYY during the first 3 months postoperatively as compared to the effects of colectomy, an abdominal operation of similar severity. Methods. We determined the fasting plasma levels of ghrelin and PYY in 20 morbidly super obese patients that underwent BPD-RYGBP and in 13 subjects that underwent a colectomy because of large bowel cancer. Fasting plasma ghrelin and PYY levels were measured preoperatively and during the postoperative period on days 1,3,7,30 and 90 in all patients of both groups and at the 1 year for the patients who had attained 1-year follow up. Results. Preoperatively, both plasma ghrelin and PYY levels were lower in the BPD-RYGBP group of patients. A temporary decrease in plasma ghrelin levels was observed in both groups of patients during the immediate postoperative period with a gradual return to preoperative levels by the third month. In addition, ghrelin concentrations increased at one year to levels 40% higher than those in baseline, in ten of the BPD-RYGBP patients who had completed the one-year follow up (p=0.004). Plasma PYY levels in the colectomy group decreased the first three postoperative days and then returned to baseline. In contrast, PYY levels in the BPD-RYGBP group did not change during the early postopera¬tive period but increased to levels 50% higher at 3 months (p<0.001) and 170% higher at one year (p<0.001) than the baseline. Conclusions. The great postoperative increase of the levels of the anorexigenic peptide PYY following BPD-RYGBP may contribute to the reduced appetite observed after this type of bariatric surgery. The changes in ghrelin levels postoperatively make its contribution to the appetite suppression less likely.

A necessidade de investigação de métodos alternativos a gastroscopia, para o diagnóstico e mensuração da graduação da Síndrome da Úlcera Gástrica em Equinos, tem sido constatada. Diante desta realidade, este estudo objetivou verificar a eficiência dos testes de Permeabilidade Gástrica à Sacarose e pela intensidade de Sangue Oculto nas Fezes, na mensuração da graduação de lesões estomacais comparadas ao diagnóstico padrão ouro, a Gastroscopia. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram investigados 16 cavalos com idades entre 4 e 6 anos, os quais trabalham em pelotão de guarda, participam de práticas de hipismo e jogos de Polo. A seleção deste corpus foi baseada em cavalos que são submetidos a fatores de risco, como por exemplo: tempo indeterminado de descanso, alimentação de baixa qualidade, pouca oferta de feno, longos períodos de transporte. Para o exame de gastroscopia, foi realizado jejum alimentar de 20 horas e hídrico de 10 horas, mais a sondagem nasogástrica para obtermos o esvaziamento gástrico. Para o exame de Permeabilidade Gástrica à Sacarose, foi administrado 250g de sacarose por via nasogástrica, e foi coletado sangue no momento zero, 45 e 90min, para posterior análise por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. / The need of investigation of alternative methods to gastroscopy for the diagnosis and measurement of the degree of the Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in Horses has been found. In the face of this reality, this study aims to verify the efficiency of the Gastric Permeability to Sucrose tests and by the intensity in the Fecal Occult Blood in the measurement of the degree of stomach lesions compared to the diagnosis, golden standard, the gastroscopy. To the development of the research 16 horses were investigated between 4 and 6 years old, which worked in the guard squad, participated in equestrian practices and Polo games. The selection of this corpus was based in horses that are submitted to risk factors, such as: underdetermined rest time, low quality feeding, little hay offer, long transportation periods, among others. To the gastroscopy examination it was conducted 20 hours feeding fasts and 10 hours water fasts plus the nasogastric intubation to obtain gastric emptying. For the Gastric Permeability to Sucrose exam it was administered 250g of sucrose, via nasogastric tube, and was collected blood in the zero moment, 45 and 90 min., for later analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography through the method proposed by Hewetson et al., 2006. To the Fecal Occult Blood Test, we collected a fecal sample through the rectum to the analysis with the Meyer’s Reagent and we classified by crosses the intensity of occult blood. In the results we found out that the horses with the ulcer degree equal or higher than 3, the Gastric Permeability to Sucrose test proved itself device of reliable auxiliary diagnosis, yet the analysis of the intensity of the Fecal Occult Blood was not able to measure the degree of the stomach lesions. However, all the animals which presented gastric alterations had the presence of fecal occult blood. Para o exame de Sangue Oculto nas Fezes, coletamos uma amostra de fezes por via retal para análise com Reativo de Meyer, e classificamos por cruzes a intensidade de sangue oculto. Nos resultados, 43,75% não apresentaram quaisquer lesão estomacal, 31,25% apresentaram lesão grau 1 ou 2, e 25% apresentaram lesões grau 4. Encontramos que cavalos com o grau igual, ou maior a 3, de lesão gástrica, o teste de Permeabilidade Gástrica à Sacarose se demonstrou um meio de diagnóstico auxiliar confiável. Já a análise da intensidade de Sangue Oculto nas Fezes não foi capaz de mensurar a graduação de lesões estomacais. Porém todos os animais que apresentaram alterações gástricas tiveram a presença de sangue oculto nas fezes.

Predictive and prognostic factors in gastric cancer Šmíd D. Surgical clinic of University Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague. Introduction: Gastric cancer is one of malignant diseases which have the worst prognosis. Unfortunately, there are most patients with advanced-stage disease who have to be treated in a palliative way. Patients suffered from the same type of tumor, being at the same stage of disease and treated with the same chemotherapy have various rates of survival, which can be caused by diverse expression of selected genes impacting on the mechanism of cytostatic effects. The determination of these genes or microRNAs which regulate these genes could be used as a predictive factor for prediction of effects of administered chemotherapy. The determination of some microRNAs, or in the combination with suitable plasmatic factors, could be used as a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. It is also possible to use this combination for early diagnosis of cancerogenesis Object: The aim is to verify the possibility to use expression of selected genes and some microRNAs in tumor tissue as a prognostic factor or a predictor for therapeutic effects of chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer. Methodology: We retrospectively evaluated the group...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, which predisposes obese persons to cardiovascular disease. Fat loss in obese persons can lead to metabolic improvements that promote improved cardiovascular health and decrease risk of stroke or myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of weight loss achieved by bariatric surgery to improve endothelial function. METHODS: Patients scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery were prospectively followed. Biochemical analyses and vascular function testing were performed preoperatively and again at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. FMD and NMD were measured to assess macrovascular endothelial function and ∆ hyperemic flow was measured to assess microvascular endothelial function. RESULTS: Patients (n = 375) ages 41.76 ± 12.35 years, with baseline BMI of 45.64 ± 8.36, experienced a weight reduction of 82.07 ± 33.98 lbs the year following surgery. FMD % increased by 1.28 ± 5.49, NMD % by 4.26 ± 6.23, and ∆ hyperemic flow % by 262.1 ± 519.97. All vascular function variables demonstrated a significant increase over time (p < 0.05) with ∆ hyperemic flow % experiencing the most significant change (p < 0.0001). No difference was found in improvement in vascular function between high (>13 µIU/ml) and low (≤13 µIU/ml) baseline plasma insulin groups (p values all > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bariatric surgery was associated with an improvement in macrovascular and microvascular endothelial function. Further analyses is needed to determine which clinical parameters are optimal predictors of improvements in vascular endothelial function after bariatric surgery.