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I den här uppsatsen ges olika exempel på talet om kvinnors manshat; som motstånd mot kvinnors politiska kamp, som en dimridå som osynliggör och legitimerar patriarkala synsätt, som politiskt hot och som faktisk rädsla för kvinnors politiska krav. Jag var intresserad av att ta reda på hur manshatet användes i texter som är emot feminismen som ideologi, politisk rörelse och forskning. I analysdelen använde jag mig av Susanna Popovas bok Elitfeniinistema: Ett spel för galletierna och Pär Ströms bok Mansförtryck & Kvinnovälde som utgångspunkter. I synnerhet vänder sig dessa kritiker till feminismen emot den radikalfeministiska beskrivningen av hur kvinnor är underordnade i samhället, att män som grupp kollektiv förtrycker kvinnor som grupp. På olika sätt i dessa verk används påståendet att feminismen är mansfientlig som en strategi för att föra bort uppmärksamheten från ett samtal om kvinnornas underordning, och i stället riktas uppmärksamheten på feministers syn på män. Talet om manshatet skylde över och osynliggjorde kvinnoförtrycket i den anti­feministiska diskursen. Risken med de anti-feministiska framställningarna är att kvinnoförtrycket återskapas som en naturlig del i ett manssamhälle eftersom denna diskurs inte tar hänsyn till feministiska synsätt om makt och våld. Den anti-feministiska diskursen bör dätför ses som en form av medveten eller undermedveten maktutövning mot feminister och mot kvinnor. Den legitimerar upprätthållandet och återskapandet av de rådande maktstrukturerna genom att osynliggöra kvinnoförtrycket.

Practicing orthodontists frequently state that the most difficult aspect of their career is running the practice and managing the staff members. To combat this challenge, some residency programs, including Temple's, offer practice management courses. Residents commonly learn practice management skills from male orthodontists, as they typically make up the majority of the orthodontic faculty. Due to the innate personality and interpersonal relationship differences between females and males, what a male orthodontist teaches may not be true, or effective, for the female orthodontist. The aim of this pilot study was to determine how practice management styles lead to personal and professional success. With the aid of qualitative research protocol, this study assessed: 1. practice management skills and deficiencies exhibited by male and female orthodontists, 2. practice management challenges male and female orthodontists face. The study explored the management styles of male and female orthodontists. The goal of the study was to define if male and female orthodontists exhibit different practice management strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and styles. Based on the study results, the following conclusions have been drawn: 1. Several factors play a role in the orthodontist's personal success: the most important factors being family and happy staff members. 2. Male orthodontists report that their career has a negative effect on their families due to job stresses. In contrast, female orthodontists view their career as having a positive effect on their families due to increased flexibility and reduced burden on their husbands. 3. Male orthodontists have well-defined business goals and aggressively pursue their goals, whereas, female orthodontists are content with their current success and less driven to achieve more. 4. All orthodontists believe their staff members are happy; female orthodontists have longer standing staff members and a more open relationship with their employees. 5. Male orthodontists utilize nearly every orthodontic technology. Interestingly, newer technologies are all but absent from female owned orthodontic offices. / Oral Biology

This paper examines the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and violence within American society as seen in the HBO television show, True Detective. Ultimately, it claims that violence is a necessary aspect of hegemonic masculinity and that this violence not only affects the feminine other but also is destructive for men. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

A gender difference in absolute muscle strength is well documented. The extent to which quantitative (fiber area and number) and qualitative (specific tension) differences in muscle contribute to this is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine a variety of muscle characteristics in the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis in a sample of males (n=8) and females (n=8) with a wide range of training histories. Measurements included motor unit number, size and activation, and voluntary strength of the elbow flexors and knee extensors. Fiber characteristics were determined from needle biopsies and muscle areas by computerized tomographical scanning. Females were approximately 52% and 66% as strong as the males in the upper and lower body respectively. A significant (p ≤ .05) correlation was found between strength and muscle cross-sectional area. Females had 45, 41, 30 and 25% smaller muscle cross-sectional areas for the biceps brachii, total elbow flexors, vastus lateralis and total knee extensors respectively (p ≤ .01). No significant gender difference was found in the strength to cross-sectional area ratio for elbow flexion and knee extension. Males had significantly larger type I fiber areas (4597 vs. 3483 um² ) and mean fiber areas (6632 vs. 3963 um² ) than females in biceps brachii (p ≤ .05) and significantly larger type II fiber areas (7700 vs. 4040 um²) and mean fiber areas (7070 vs. 4290 um²) in the vastus lateralis (p ≤ .05). The difference in type II fiber area in the biceps brachii was not statistically significant despite the fact that these fibers were almost twice as large in the males as in the females (8207 vs. 4306 um²). No significant gender difference was found in biceps fiber number (180,620 vs. 156,872) or muscle area to fiber area ratio in the vastus lateralis (451,468 vs. 465,007). No significant gender differences were found in any of the motor unit characteristics. The results indicate that the primary determinant of the greater muscle strength of males is their larger mean fiber areas which results in greater muscle cross-sectional areas. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)