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The news media are expected to provide equal space to female and male political actors, promoting the idea of equal access to political power, since they are recognized as a holder of power with a social responsibility to respect gender equality. However, as previous research shows, political news coverage is characterized by so-called “gendered mediation” (Gidengil and Everitt 1999), i.e., gender imbalance, stereotypes, and a lack of discussions about gender inequality. Scholars point to media logic, organization, and individual characteristics of journalists as the main reasons for this pattern, but still very little is known about how and why gendered mediation is practiced and processed in political news. This dissertation focuses on gendering understood as the perceived imprint of gender on the media portrayal of politics and politicians, as well as the processes by which gendered representations materialize. By applying a perspective of comparative journalism culture studies (Hanitzsch 2007; Hanitzsch and Donsbach 2012), it examines the processes and modes of origin of gendering as they are perceived and experienced by journalists. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with 40 journalists working for the quality press in Russia and Sweden. The results show that the national culture of political journalism, and the context it is located within, are of crucial importance for understanding gendering and its modes of origin. Gendering may cause problems to the democratic development of society and the position of the quality press in it; however, it also offers a potential for promoting gender equality. The choice of the form of gendering does not fully depend on journalists. It depends on the contextual possibilities for journalists to fulfill the gender-ethical ideal of the quality outlet as long as they need to meet the demands of society and market, and to face the challenges of political communication.

This mini-dissertation serves as a framework for my own creative practice. In this research paper my intention is to explore, within a feminist reading, representations of the female corpse in fashion photography and art. The cultural theorist Stuart Hall's theories on the concept of representation are utilised to critically analyse and interogate selected images from fashion magazines, which depicts the female corpse in an idealised way. Such idealisation manifests in Western culture, in fashion magazines, as expressed in depictions of the attractive/ seductive/fine-looking female corpse. Fashion photographs that fit this description are critically contrasted and challenged to selected artworks by Penny Siopis and Marlene Dumas, alongside my own work, to explore how the female corpse can be represented, as strategy to undermine the aesthetic and cultural objectification of the female body. Here the study also explores the selected artists' utilisation of the abject and the grotesque in relation to their use of artistic mediums and modes of production as an attempt to create ambiguous and conflicting combinations of attraction and repulsion (the sublime aesthetic of delightful horror), thereby confronting the viewer with the notion of the objectification of the decease[d] feminine body as object to-be-looked-at. This necessitated the inclusion of seminal theories developed by the French theorist, Julia Kristeva (1982) on the abject and the Russian theorist, Mikhail Bakhtin (1968) on the grotesque. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Visual Arts / MA / Unrestricted

This study draws on cultivation analysis (Gerbner, 1969) to explore the interrelating factors concerning the role of media in young people’s consumption of alcohol at a south-eastern Nigerian university. Nigeria has the second highest alcohol consumption in Africa. Traditionally, drinking spaces were dominated by adult males for socio-cultural reasons but in contemporary Nigeria there is increasing concern that younger men and women are now also drinking harmfully. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 male and 9 female undergraduate students (aged 19-23 years) to explore the ways in which media consumption shapes their drinking behaviour. Whilst young people’s consumption of both local and foreign media was high and gendered, one key motivation for using alcohol was aspirational, particularly among those who consumed Hollywood films. Many of the participants who consumed Hollywood films may have learned to associate heavy consumption with high social status. Importantly, this thesis demonstrates that although local films portray alcohol in a mainly negative light, this also motivates young people to drink as they learn how to use alcohol to ameliorate anxiety or depression. Young people’s drinking patterns were found to be gendered, underscoring a resilient socio-cultural belief in which men see alcohol as good for males while women believe that it should not be confined to men. Consequently, the women employed male-gendered drinking behaviours such as heavy drinking to develop social capital. At the same time, both male and female participants discussed taking part in risky sexual behaviour but the outcomes differed for males and females, with this behaviour being more stigmatised in women. Alcohol advertising and promotion were found to be highly influential because they encourage brand preference and brand allegiance, actively facilitate change of brand, and lead to excessive consumption amongst male and female participants. Although the participants confirmed that promotional activities facilitate alcohol misuse, they argued that promotions should not be regulated because promotional prizes alleviate poverty. This study furthers the discussion on cultivation theory by demonstrating that heavy television viewing cultivates alcohol consumption among this population and it contributes to cultivation and audience research by revealing that negative portrayals can also influence young people. This study’s findings can inform educational campaigns and policy formulation in Nigeria, particularly those that tackle alcohol availability, heavy episodic drinking and risky sexual behaviour; and those that encourage media literacy and more positive and equal relationships between women and men.

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Gender gaps in religiosity among Western populations, such that women are more religious than men, are well documented. Previous explanations for these differences range from biological predispositions of risk aversion to patriarchal gender socialization, but all largely overlook the intersection of social statuses. Drawing on theories of intersectionality, we contribute to the cultural and empirical analysis of gender gaps in religiosity by documenting an interactive effect between gender, education, and political views for predicting religious nonaffiliation and infrequent attendance at religious services among Americans. For highly educated political liberals, gender gaps effectively disappear, such that men and women are almost equally likely to be secular (or religious). The results have implications for the long-standing disputes about the gendered “nature” of religiosity and highlight the importance of multiple intersecting statuses and modalities in shaping aggregate patterns of religiosity and secularity.

<h1>Abstract</h1><p> </p><p><strong>Author: </strong>Kristin Näs<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Title: </strong>The technology society’s love letters – a qualitative analysis of communication through internet dating.</p><p><strong>Level: </strong>BA Thesis in Communication</p><p><strong>Location:</strong> University of Kalmar</p><p><strong>Language:</strong> Swedish</p><p><strong>Number of pages:</strong> 53</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>communication, dating, web dating, gendering talk, interaction, flirting, the internet, contact, communities.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>A qualitative study on the subject of internet dating and how people using internet dating chooses to present them self and how they choose to communicate with others to create contact<strong>.</strong> Internet dating is a phenomenon that is continually growing. 2 million people in Sweden are singles today and more than half of them have tried internet dating at least once. The purpose of this study was to research the way people choose to present them self and how the communication on an internet dating site is used. My question I wanted to answer with this study was – How do people present themselves best on a virtual meeting place for singles?</p><p>I choose methods hermeneutic and a qualitative analysis because I wanted to study the members of an internet dating site and how they communicated and presented themselves by profiles and mail. I also choose to do four interviews to get a deeper insight in the subject of internet dating.</p><p>I choose theories like Thompson’s three interactions perspectives and Robert Hoppers differences between women and men speech and use of language. These theories would show me how people interact on the internet in a situation where they are looking for a love partner and it will also show me how gender takes part in that type of world.</p><p>I was able to get lot of text materials and with my interview my analysis showed me that people turn to internet dating because it seems to be harder to get a real contact in real life. People appreciate the easy access of the dating sites and the possibility to put themself out there for others to contact. What communication that is the best to establish a contact is talking about common interests or something from the other person’s profile. Also topics like occupation and event coming up is successful. When it comes to gender and differences between them or how power takes place it doesn’t show. It seems very equal and no one has the upper hand. The men however seems to be fighting for the women’s attention but the statistics say that the members on a dating site are equal between the sexes. The way preferred to present themselves seems to be by presenting occupation and interests. Some even present what qualities they are looking for in a partner and this also says something about the person. </p><p>At the end of the study the analysis is presented and the answer to my question. There are also suggestions to future studies presented and with a subject like internet dating there are no limits, only your imagination can stop you!<strong></strong></p>

Abstract   Author: Kristin Näs Title: The technology society’s love letters – a qualitative analysis of communication through internet dating. Level: BA Thesis in Communication Location: University of Kalmar Language: Swedish Number of pages: 53   Keywords: communication, dating, web dating, gendering talk, interaction, flirting, the internet, contact, communities. Summary: A qualitative study on the subject of internet dating and how people using internet dating chooses to present them self and how they choose to communicate with others to create contact. Internet dating is a phenomenon that is continually growing. 2 million people in Sweden are singles today and more than half of them have tried internet dating at least once. The purpose of this study was to research the way people choose to present them self and how the communication on an internet dating site is used. My question I wanted to answer with this study was – How do people present themselves best on a virtual meeting place for singles? I choose methods hermeneutic and a qualitative analysis because I wanted to study the members of an internet dating site and how they communicated and presented themselves by profiles and mail. I also choose to do four interviews to get a deeper insight in the subject of internet dating. I choose theories like Thompson’s three interactions perspectives and Robert Hoppers differences between women and men speech and use of language. These theories would show me how people interact on the internet in a situation where they are looking for a love partner and it will also show me how gender takes part in that type of world. I was able to get lot of text materials and with my interview my analysis showed me that people turn to internet dating because it seems to be harder to get a real contact in real life. People appreciate the easy access of the dating sites and the possibility to put themself out there for others to contact. What communication that is the best to establish a contact is talking about common interests or something from the other person’s profile. Also topics like occupation and event coming up is successful. When it comes to gender and differences between them or how power takes place it doesn’t show. It seems very equal and no one has the upper hand. The men however seems to be fighting for the women’s attention but the statistics say that the members on a dating site are equal between the sexes. The way preferred to present themselves seems to be by presenting occupation and interests. Some even present what qualities they are looking for in a partner and this also says something about the person.  At the end of the study the analysis is presented and the answer to my question. There are also suggestions to future studies presented and with a subject like internet dating there are no limits, only your imagination can stop you!

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1355524 bytes, checksum: 28367835bb2878ed342ed5db3ac4c776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Based on literature on gender, sex division of labor, sexist education, women s access to higher education, and the gendering of careers, this dissertation attempted to explore the implications of gender relations for the occupational/professional perspectives of female and male senior students of Liceu Paraibano, a public school in Paraiba, Brazil. It aimed to analyze whether and how gender relations condition the higher education choices of high school students. For that purpose it used both a qualitative approach, by means of questionnaire applied to 456 students, and a qualitative approach, by interviewing 20 students attending the three school shifts (morning, afternoon and evening). The questionnaire data were systematized in tables and graphics in order to characterize the students, highlighting the relationships between sex and other variables such as race /ethnicity, shift of attendance, age, socioeconomic status, occupational situation, and choice of higher education course. The interviews helped to qualify students perspectives of continuation of studies and professional training, highlighting their life projects, as well as to illuminate how gender relations cross the subjects socialization. The analysis evidenced that the gendering of higher education, which separates men (situated in technological and scientific high prestige careers) from women (situated in humanistic and health care low prestige careers), persists in these students higher education course choices, even though some changes were noticed. The intersection of sex, race /color, and shift of school attendance also showed inequalities in students aspirations. Moreover, the analysis pointed out that the naturalization of social relations and gender prejudices were present within family and school relations, creating obstacles for the deconstruction of gender dichotomies and female segregation in devalued occupations/professions / Baseada em literatura que discute as temáticas de gênero, divisão sexual do trabalho, educação sexista, acesso das mulheres a educação superior e gendramento de carreiras, esta dissertação buscou conhecer as implicações das relações de gênero nas perspectivas ocupacionais/profissionais das alunas e dos alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio do Liceu Paraibano, escola pública do estado da Paraíba. Objetivou analisar se e como as relações de gênero condicionam as escolhas de cursos superiores de estudantes do ensino médio. Para tanto utilizou tanto a abordagem quantitativa através da aplicação de questionários a 456 estudantes, quanto a abordagem qualitativa através da realização de entrevistas com 20 estudantes, abrangendo os três turnos (manhã, tarde e noite). Os dados dos questionários foram sistematizados em tabelas e gráficos para caracterizar os/as estudantes destacando as relações entre sexo e outras variáveis como raça /cor, turno, faixa etária, situação socioeconômica, situação ocupacional e suas escolhas de cursos superiores. As entrevistas serviram para qualificar as perspectivas de continuidade de estudos e inserção profissional do alunado, destacando seus projetos de vida, bem como para visibilizar como as relações de gênero atravessaram a socialização dos sujeitos. A análise evidenciou que o gendramento da educação superior, que separa homens em carreiras tecnológicas e científicas de alto prestígio e mulheres em carreiras humanísticas e da saúde (de baixo prestígio) ligadas ao cuidado, persiste nas escolhas de cursos superiores dos/as jovens, ainda que sejam notadas algumas mudanças. A intersecção da variável sexo com raça /cor e com turno de estudo também possibilitou verificar desigualdades nas aspirações dos/as estudantes. Além disso, analisou-se que a naturalização das relações sociais e o preconceito de gênero estão presentes nas relações familiares e escolares criando obstáculos para a desconstrução das dicotomias de gênero e da segregação feminina em ocupações/profissões menos valorizadas