Control charts are fundamental SPC tools for process monitoring. When a control chart or combination of charts signals, knowing the change point, which distributional parameter changed, and/or the change size helps to identify the cause of the change, remove it from the process or adjust the process back in control correctly and immediately. In this study, we proposed using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the current process parameters and their ML confidence intervals after a signal to identify and estimate the changed parameters. The performance of this ML diagnostic procedure is evaluated for several different charts or chart combinations for the cases of sample sizes and , and compared to the traditional approaches to diagnostics. None of the ML and the traditional estimators performs well for all patterns of shifts, but the ML estimator has the best overall performance. The ML confidence interval diagnostics are overall better at determining which parameter has shifted than the traditional diagnostics based on which chart signals. The performance of the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) chart in shift detection and in ML diagnostics is comparable to the best EWMA chart combination. With the application of the ML diagnostics naturally following a GLR chart compared to the traditional control charts, the studies of a GLR chart during process monitoring can be further deepened in the future. / Ph. D.

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Yes / Beamforming in multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems is a vital part of modern wireless communication systems. Researchers looking for best operational performance normally optimize the problem and then solve for best weight solutions. The weight optimization problem contains variables in numerator and dominator: this leads to so-called variable coupling, making the problem hard to solve. Formulating the optimization in terms of the signal to leakage and noise ratio (SLNR) helps in decoupling the problem variables. In this paper we study the performance of the SLNR with variable numbers of users and handset antennas. The results show that there is an optimum and the capacity curve is a concave over these two parameters. The performances of two further variations of this method are also considered.

Bakgrund: Generaliserat ångestsyndrom (GAD) är en vanlig diagnos med negativa konsekvenser såväl på individ- som samhällsnivå. För att som fysioterapeuter kunna fånga upp den här typen av patienter och då ha god kunskap om olika träningsformer som tillförlitlig behandling ansågs det fördelaktigt att undersöka det vetenskapliga underlaget för styrketräning som behandlingsmetod. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka det vetenskapliga underlaget för effekten av styrketräning, i jämförelse med annan eller ingen intervention, som behandlingsmetod för att minska oros- och ångestsymtom hos vuxna mellan 18-64 år med GAD. Metod: En litteraturstudie av randomiserade kontrollerade studier där populationen var vuxna mellan 18-64 år med GAD. Sökningar genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro och Psycinfo. Fyra studier inkluderades och granskades sedan med PEDro. Den sammanvägda tillförlitligheten av resultatet av tre studier bedömdes med hjälp av GRADEstud. Resultat: Det vetenskapliga underlaget för styrketräning som behandling för personer med GAD är för begränsat för att kunna dra några starka slutsatser. Alla inkluderade studier visade dock på reducering av oros- och ångestsymtom, som båda är kännetecknande symtom för GAD. Konklusion: Det sammanvägda resultatet indikerar på att styrketräning skulle kunna vara en alternativ behandlingsmetod för denna patientgrupp. Mer forskning behövs dock för att kunna utvärdera effekten av styrketräning som behandling för personer med GAD. / Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common diagnosis with negative consequences both on an individual and societal level. In order for physiotherapists to be able to catch these patients and then have good knowledge of different forms of exercise as reliable treatment, it was considered beneficial to investigate the scientific basis for resistance exercise training as a treatment method. Objective: The aim of this literature review was to investigate the scientific basis for the effect of resistance exercise training, in comparison with other or no intervention, as a treatment method to reduce worry and anxiety symptoms in adults aged 18-64 with GAD. Method: A literature review of randomized controlled trials where the population was adults between 18-64 years old with GAD. Searches were conducted in the databases PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro and Psycinfo. Four studies were included and reviewed with PEDro. The combined reliability of the results of three studies was assessed using GRADEstud. Results: The scientific basis for resistance exercise training as a treatment for people with GAD is too limited to be able to draw any strong conclusions. However, all included studies showed a reduction in worry and anxiety symptoms, both of which are characteristic symptoms of GAD. Conclusion: The combined results indicate that strength training could be an alternative treatment method for this patient group. However, more research is needed to be able to evaluate the effect of strength training as a treatment for people with GAD.

This study examined whether schemas formed during training (graduate coursework, clinical supervision, etc.) are responsible for the tendency of clinicians to experience higher rates of false recall for clinical case details when compared to novices. Participants in this study were recruited from a general psychology class to limit preexisting knowledge of psychological disorders. Half of the participants were trained to recognize features of Generalized Anxiety Disorder with the purpose of forming a schema for that disorder, whereas the other half were not. Participants’ memory for the diagnostic and non-diagnostic details within a hypothetical case vignette was tested using a free recall prompt followed by a yes/no recognition test. Trained participants falsely recognized the diagnostic detail ‘restlessness’ and falsely recalled the diagnostic detail ‘uncontrollable worry’ at a significantly higher rate than controls, suggesting that the training successfully formed a schema for GAD symptoms.

A simulation-based reliability analysis method is presented and evaluated. This method is intended for problems for which most probable point of failure (MPP) search-based methods fail or provide inaccurate results, and for which Monte Carlo simulation and its variants are too costly to apply. This may occur in the evaluation of complex engineering problems of low failure probability. The method used to address this problem is a variant of conditional expectation and works by sampling on the failure boundary without relying on the MPP. The effectiveness of the method is compared to a selection of other commonly available reliability methods considering a variety of analytical as well as more complex engineering problems. The results indicate that the method has the potential to deliver solutions of high efficiency and accuracy for a wide range of difficult reliability problems.

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