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Within the last years organizations are enriched by a further age cohort that is entering the working environment. The demands and backgrounds of generation Y have changed many aspects within the organizational environment especially in terms of employee retention. Research has provided insights into the values, backgrounds and beliefs of this cohort. Yet, the importance of requirements towards the leadership dimension of generation Y in Austria is not quite clear. In order to sharpen the understanding of the leadership related perspective, a thorough literature review is provided. Afterwards a quantitative research study examined factors ascribed to generation Y employees. The analysis of the gathered data outlined that the expectations and disfavoured behavioural patterns for generation Y in Austria are in line with other sources of research. Furthermore, existing differences between disfavouring certain factors and factors of demotivation could be identified. Also in terms of expectations and motivations such differences could be observed. The strong demand and deprecation of certain behaviours revealed that it is crucial for business leaders to understand the requirements of the generation Y age cohort, in order to foster motivation and commitment.

Konsumentbeteendet har förändrats till följd av Generation Y's framåtmarsch och en särskild faktor som påverkats är hur de föredrar att betala för sin konsumtion. Beteendet har förflyttats från ägande och inköp av produkter och tjänster, till att istället betala återkommande licensavgifter för att få tillgång till produkten i fråga. Detta fenomen går att se på allt från fordon till musik, där Generation Y nu väljer leasing och streaming istället för att äga bil eller CD-skiva.Detta nya sätt att konsumera innebär även att en konsument kan bryta sin relation med företaget och lämna tillbaka sin bil eller avbryta sin prenumeration. När detta konsumentbeteende standardiseras ökar kraven på friheten i relationen mellan kund och företag. Studier visar att generationen född mellan år 1980 och år 2000 är den första generationen som tar denna typ av konsumtion för givet och uppges vara kritiska mot oskäliga villkor som startavgifter och bindningstider.En kvalitativ studie av tre organisationer verksamma inom gymbranschen i Västra Götaland har genomförts för att utvärdera hur deras applicering av bindningstider påverkar lönsamhet. Resultatet visar att det strategiska resonemanget bakom användandet av bindningstider skiljer sig mellan organisationerna vilket också återspeglas i hur produkterna som erbjuds är utformade. Studien har visat delade resultat i hur bindningstider har påverkat lönsamheten.

The Life of Ben and Other Poems consists of two sections. The first, The Life of Ben, is a series of seventeen poems about the life of a first-generation American and his family's immigration. The second section, Other Poems, includes twenty-one poems on a variety of themes.

Master of Science / Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering / Anil Pahwa / Due to the ongoing changes in the structure of the electricity markets, distribution networks have developed an appealing potential for housing distributed generation (DG). In order to make the most out of the present distribution network, this project report verifies the results and method developed in a paper (Optimal Allocation of Embedded Generation on Distribution Networks) by A. Kean and M. O’Malley, which discusses an efficient way of incorporating DG in the current power system. The methodology under consideration elaborates on how certain constraints should be adopted that will lead toward optimally sizing and placing DG in the network under examination. Along with that, the effect of voltage rise and short circuit current are observed which shows that a certain allocation to some buses will cause a sudden rise in voltage and short circuit levels throughout the network. Furthermore, the adopted methodology with its relative constraints is solved using linear programming. Linear programming provides a more accurate allocation than its heuristic counterparts when it comes to embedding DG in smaller networks. The adopted methodology is then applied to a section of the Irish rural distribution network and the results pinpoint that appropriate placement of the DG will pave the way toward higher levels of penetration. The results obtained showed the same pattern as those recorded in the aforementioned source paper, there were only minor differences that are the result of using different software’s than those that were used by the authors of the paper.

We start with the question, whether and in how far the distinction between "unqualified" and "qualified" predication of change (i.e. predication of "coming to be" and of "becoming") provides a sound clue for understanding of reality. Firstly, we focus on methodological assumptions of Aristotle's natural philosophy and science, namely on their relation to everyday language. In the next step we ask, whether and how the general conclusions about the character of any change made in Physics are valid also for any change (i.e. for "qualified" and "unqualified" change) separately. Last two chapters, then, are concerned with some consequences of Aristotle's endeavor to make justice to everyday distinction of "unqualified" and "qualified" changes for his conception of nature, namely with the character of matter and the circularity of change.

Polymer-fullerene blend films are of increasing interest in the field of organic solar cells. This thesis describes the use of transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) as a means to study charge generation and recombination in these blend films. In blend films of P3HT and PCBM, the absorption spectrum associated with the positive and negative charges have been identified and the transient decay kinetics analysed to reveal the mechanisms leading to charge recombination losses in the films. The effects of annealing treatment, along with the effects of decreasing polymer regioregularity or different polymer chain terminating end-groups on the blend film properties and morphology are also discussed. For films with a low concentration of PCBM in polystyrene, absorption and emission from the individual PCBM molecules are observed. As the PCBM concentration is increased, aggregation related changes causes the absorption in the visible region to increase disproportionately, an additional emission peak at higher energies to appear and a decrease in the lifetime of the PCBM triplet excited state. These changes are linked to electronic interactions between fullerenes in a molecular crystal form of PCBM. Blends of F8BT polymer with PCBM show poor photovoltaic device performance. This is explained by the quick deactivation of the F8BT excited state by Förster energy transfer to the PCBM. As the PCBM excited state is stable compared to the charge separated state, the PCBM triplet is formed via inter-system crossing from the singlet to be the final product of photoexcitation. The high energy of the charge separated state is interpreted as a result of the high F8BT HOMO energy.

M.Ing. / Photovoltaic (PV) systems are considered as renewable resources of energy that are utilized in the conversion of direct and diffuse solar radiation to electric power. These systems are considered as environmentally friendly energy resources as they reduce pollution. These systems’ produced power depends on the radiation of the sun as well as the temperature, the impedance of the load, and the unfitted parameters in PV systems. In this field, the PV systems and DC-DC converters will be explored in both configuration (the open loop and closed loop systems), whilst their implementation will be designed as a closed loop system. The success of the system depends on the algorithm of the maximum power point tracking that catches the maximum sunshine radiation amount to generate the maximum electrical power. This system simulation and hardware implementation will be done through the Proteus program and real components integration ...

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Chemistry. Johannesburg, June 2017. / Due to a high global demand for energy, research groups have been focusing a lot of energy into finding alternative and cleaner energy sources. Solar power has all the attributes to be the energy of the future. Solar power is abundantly available and is a cleaner form of energy as compared to the market-leading fossil fuels. In this thesis, we consider new materials that can be used in hybrid solar cells. These new materials combine the properties of inorganic nanomaterials and polymers. The nanomaterials possess unique properties that can be exploited and the polymers allow for the thin films to potentially be light weight and flexible. Copper selenide was synthesized and characterized to produce particles with different sizes as a function of time. These size variations are shown to emit a spectrum of different colours. In addition the particles synthesized at various temperatures are reported. Temperature had an effect on the size of the particles with bigger sizes obtained as the temperature was increased. Also shown in the results is that Cu2Se nanocrystals were quite resistant to changes with the sizes marginally increasing with increasing time and temperature. A hybrid material using a conductive polymer polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) and copper selenide was synthesized and used as the active layer via a spin coating technique to fabricate a solar cell. Varying amounts (10% - 50%) of Cu2Se nanocrystals were used in the polymer nanocomposites. The 10% weight loading resulted in the highest efficiency of 0.74% whilst successive addition of the nanocrystals affected the polymeric structure of PVK thus resulting in solar cells with even lower efficiencies. Niobium selenide was synthesized via the colloidal method using TOP/HDA combination for the first time. The effect of time on the particles synthesized using a 1:1 mole ratio of Nb:Se was negligible with particles showing similar properties. The XRD of the samples revealed that they were amorphous thus making it difficult to conclusively say that niobium selenide was synthesized successfully. The samples were then annealed however only small improvements were observed. The concentration of the selenium was then increased in order to form the more common NbSe2 and NbSe3. The XRD showed the formation of NbSe2 and NbSe3 for 1:2 and 1:3 Nb:Se ratios respectively. In addition, the particles resembled 2D nanostructures readily observed in layered materials such as NbSe2 and NbSe3. However, some impurities in the form of oxides were still observed. Hybrid solar cells prepared from the amorphous 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 Nb:Se samples were fabricated. The NbSe3 composite had the best performing solar cell with the power conversion efficiency of 3.234% with the amorphous particles generating no current. / LG2017

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2016. / Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) is an environmental friendly technology that promises e cient and e ective harvesting of solar energy. The organic polymers used in the fabrication of OPVs are characterized by low weight, tunable electrical and optical properties. However, the low photo-conversion e ciency (PCE) and instability in air remains a major drawback that limits their commercialization. The project seeks to increase the PCE of a cheap photovoltaic device using plasmonic e ects and rare earth doped waveguides to modify the optical response in the active layer. Incorporating regularly shaped silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) in OPVs through the surface plasmon resonance will enhance tunable absorption and scattering of light. These NPs are prepared by reducing AgNO3 with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and using 2,2- Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a stabiliser at di erent reaction times. The Ag NPs have shown di erent shapes such as spherical and prism shapes of 14, 15 and 16 nm visualised by TEM. / MT2017