Διάφοροι τύποι αιολικών συστημάτων . Έμφαση σε αιολικά συστήματα με ανεμογεννήτριες μεταβλητής ταχύτητας και κυρίως στην επαγωγική μαχανή διπλής τροφοδοσίας . Περιγραφή του ηλεκτρονικού μετατροπέα που χρησιμοποιείται σε αυτού του είδους το σύστημα . Έλεγχος της ισχύος και προσομοίωση για δύο τύπους ελεγκτών , PI και RST . Σύγκριση των αποκρίσεων . Απόκριση PI ελεγκτή για διάφορα κέρδη . / Different types of wind energy systems . Wind energy systems with variable speed wind turbines are studied . The doubly fed induction generator . Description of the power electronic converter which is used . Power control for two regulator types , PI and RST . We compare the dynamic performances . Dynamic performance for different values of the PI regulator parameters .

Spectrally pure signals are an indispensable requirement when the Signal Generator (SG) is to be used as part of a test bed. However, even sophisticated equipment may not comply with the needs imposed by certain applications. This work approaches the problem by using Digital Pre-Distortion (DPD) based on a polynomial memory-less model obtained for the SG. Using the SG in arbitrary mode (ARB) an input signal is computer-generated and reproduced by the SG. Measurement accuracy is ensured using coherence sampling and grid matching to the Signal Analyzer (SA). Finally, careful time alignment is used to compare the transmitted and received three-tone signals to obtain the polynomials coefficients. Results show that the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of pre-distortion may vary depending on the amplitude of the three-tone signal. However, using polynomials of 5th and 9th degrees up to 15dB reduction of the 3rd order Inter-Modulation products can be obtained, and spurious powers may be lowered down to 70dBc.

No description available.

Parengtas bakalauro baigiamasis darbas yra susijęs su galios elektronikos įrangos kūrimu. Darbas yra parengtas taip, kad jo atskiras dalis būtų galima naudotis besimokant galios elektronikos dalyką. Studentai atskiras dalis gali studijuoti kaip papildomą teorinę medžiagą, matydami jos praktinį išpildymą. Tuo tikslu darbe yra aprašomi atskiri elektronikos sistemos komponentai (schemos, loginiai elementai ir kiti puslaidininkiai prietaisai). Ultragarsinė sistema - tai puiki priemonė nuo šunų. Atliekant elektrinius montavimo darbus lauko sąlygomis, tikrinant elektros komponentus gyvenamuosiuose būstuose ar mėgstantiems pabėgioti miškeliuose, kuriuose gausu nepririštų šunų, ši sistema tikrai veiksminga. Sistema kompaktiška, telpa kišenėje ar prisisegant prie diržo. Veikimo principas - paspaudus mygtuką skleidžiamas ultragarsas, kurio negirdi žmogus, bet kuris labai nepatinka šunims. Pakanka nukreipti į gyvūną ir jis nubėga lyg įgeltas. Veiksmingiausiais 4-5 metrų atstumu. Nauja mokomoji įranga brangiai kainuoja, todėl siekiama sukurti ir išbandyti sistemą mokymo tikslams, kuri būtų suderinta su galios elektronikos dalyko mokymo programa. Darbe aprašomi schemos komponentai ir parametrų parinkimas, siekiant juos tarpusavyje suderinti ir užtikrinti jų tinkamą veikimą. / There are many different situations in which ultrasonic devices can be used by different people in different situations. People who might benefit from having an ultrasonic system in particular are: • Field service electrical engineers. • Inspectors of electrical installations. • People with an excessive fear of dogs. • Joggers. • Bicyclists. • Dog trainers. The system produces a high frequency sound only audible to dogs but not to humans, so using the device will not bother other people. The ultrasonic device will stop unwanted dogs from approaching you at approximately up to 15 feet, helping you to stop a fierce looking dog from getting close to you. The electronic device can be used not just to keep dogs away but also to train them. Post men who sometimes have to deal with dogs in and around homes. This type of device was originally used when training dogs but as the technology developed, it could also be used to scare dogs off if needed. When the device sounds the high frequency tone it will keeps dogs away at a distance of up to 15 feet. The ultrasonic system must never be used for any longer than absolutely necessary and should only be used for a second. The high tones are uncomfortable to an animal and as the idea is to chase the dog away, only short tones are effective. During the development of the thesis, the above mentioned ultrasonic system has been produced. Its appropriate operation was tested using an oscillograph (the signals of the electrical generation chain... [to full text]

Compared with algorithms specialized for a single distribution universal (also called automatic or black-box) algorithms for continuous distributions were relatively seldom discussed. But they have important advantages for the user: One algorithm coded and tested only once can do the same or even more than a whole library of standard routines. It is only necessary to have a program available that can evaluate the density of the distribution up to a multiplicative factor. In this paper we show that transformed density rejection is well suited to construct universal algorithms suitable for correlation induction which is important for variance reduction in simulation. (author's abstract) / Series: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing

The rotor shaft of a synchronous machine can experience severe mechanical stress due to torque pulsations during a pole-slip condition. All pole-slip protection relays currently on the market use the impedance pole-slip protection method to detect a pole-slip. No commercial relay currently available can predict accurately when a generator is about to experience a damaging pole-slip. All the relays will only trip a generator after it has pole-slipped one or more times. Severe mechanical damage could be caused to a machine after only one pole-slip. It is therefore essential to enhance pole-slip protection relays to such an extent that it can trip a generator before it pole slips. The proposed pole-slip protection function must predict when a generator will become unstable during a network fault. As soon as instability is predicted, the generator must be tripped before the fault is cleared to avoid damaging post-fault torque effects. Conventional impedance pole-slip protection methods are are also discussed and the shortcomings of impedance pole-slip protection are investigated. The new pole-slip protection function was designed by using PSCAD. Detailed PSCAD simulations on different network configurations proved that the new pole-slip protection function will trip a generator before a damaging pole-slip occurs. The new pole-slip protection function was also implemented on an ABB REM543 multifunctional protection relay and tested on a RTDS. The concept of the new pole-slip function was successfully demonstrated on the protection relay. The operation of conventional impedance scheme relays was compared with the proposed pole-slip function for different fault conditions. Although the new pole-slip protection function is more complex than the existing impedance functions, it was concluded that similar skills are required to test and commission the new protection function. The new pole-slip function outperforms the impedance protection methods, since the new protection function can trip the generator before it pole-slips. / PhD (Electrical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

iThemba LABS is a particle accelerator facility housing a radionuclide production facility that uses a 66 MeV proton beam to produce radionuclides for medical and industrial use. Ionising radiation is produced by a variety of sources at Themba LABS. Ionising is a health hazard. High doses can cause acute radiation syndrome, i.e. "radiation sickness". Lower doses cannot cause acute symptom, but carry a risk of radiation-related cancer. Ionising radiation is also detrimental to materials, and can damage polymers and lubricants e.g. Shielding is used to reduce radiation levels to values that should be safe for the intended level of human occupancy. Shield performance is vital to human health and the life expectancy of polymers and lubricants, so that quality management in shield design is very important. However, until 2003, there has been no formal system at iThemba LABS to evaluate and improve all radiation shield designs and layouts from a radiation protection perspective. This study deals with evaluating and redesigning radiation shielding in the radionuclide production facility of iThemba LABS. There are several designs and layouts in the radionuclide production building of iThemba LABS that lead to unnecessary exposure of personnel to ionising radiation. The shielding in these areas are sub-standard. Performance criteria for radiation shields are developed. Inadequate radiation shields are identified. The identified inadequate shields are: the processing hotcells, the target store room and the hotcells in the radiopharmaceutical dispensing laboratory, Point-Kernel radiation shielding calculations are done to specify materials and material thickness that will adequately protect workers against ionising radiation. / Thesis (MSc. ARST) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2004

The rotor shaft of a synchronous machine can experience severe mechanical stress due to torque pulsations during a pole-slip condition. All pole-slip protection relays currently on the market use the impedance pole-slip protection method to detect a pole-slip. No commercial relay currently available can predict accurately when a generator is about to experience a damaging pole-slip. All the relays will only trip a generator after it has pole-slipped one or more times. Severe mechanical damage could be caused to a machine after only one pole-slip. It is therefore essential to enhance pole-slip protection relays to such an extent that it can trip a generator before it pole slips. The proposed pole-slip protection function must predict when a generator will become unstable during a network fault. As soon as instability is predicted, the generator must be tripped before the fault is cleared to avoid damaging post-fault torque effects. Conventional impedance pole-slip protection methods are are also discussed and the shortcomings of impedance pole-slip protection are investigated. The new pole-slip protection function was designed by using PSCAD. Detailed PSCAD simulations on different network configurations proved that the new pole-slip protection function will trip a generator before a damaging pole-slip occurs. The new pole-slip protection function was also implemented on an ABB REM543 multifunctional protection relay and tested on a RTDS. The concept of the new pole-slip function was successfully demonstrated on the protection relay. The operation of conventional impedance scheme relays was compared with the proposed pole-slip function for different fault conditions. Although the new pole-slip protection function is more complex than the existing impedance functions, it was concluded that similar skills are required to test and commission the new protection function. The new pole-slip function outperforms the impedance protection methods, since the new protection function can trip the generator before it pole-slips. / PhD (Electrical Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011

Short annular diffusers were essential components for turbomachines that have been used to expand the air entering the compressor, as interstage ducts between gas generators and power turbines, and on the exhaust gases exiting the turbine. The industrial community was interested and invested in improving diffuser design that was challenging owing to the unfavourable fluid flow effects. Efficient design of fluid flow devices was possible through the complementary use of experimental testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A numerical shape optimization study was undertaken to determine preferential annular diffuser configurations. Experimental data were compared against CFD that simulated the steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with two-equation turbulence models. This investigation reached equivalent conclusions with respect to the influences associated with diffuser geometry and swirl. Vorticity effects caused by square tabs, that were not as well understood, were investigated. The tabs were effective in reducing the central toroidal recirculation zone created by a swirling flow, but at a static pressure penalty for the area ratio, AR<2.73, diffusers tested. Results identified several shortcomings in the CFD that typically over-estimated pressure recovery and outlet velocity uniformity; however, properly qualitatively predicted wall pressure distributions and outlet velocity profiles. The use of CFD on modest grids, with preference given to the realizable k-epsilon turbulence model, for annular diffusers that have length to inlet height ratio of 12 and at least AR=2.73 with up to 20-degrees inlet swirl was encouraged as a design tool. / Thesis (Ph.D, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-05-29 09:03:16.591

Randomness is an important part of computer science. A large group of work, both in theoretical and practical computer science, is dedicated to the study of whether true 'randomness' is necessary for a variety of applications and protocols to work. One of the main uses for randomness is in the generation of keys, used as a security measure for many cryptographic protocols. The main measure of randomness is achieved by looking at entropy, a measure of the disorder of a system. Nature is able to provide us with many sources that are high in entropy. However, many cryptographic protocols need sources of randomness that are stronger (higher in entropy) than what is present naturally to ensure security. Therefore, a gap exists between what is available in Nature, and what is necessary for provable security. This paper looks to bridge this gap. Research in pseudorandom number generation has gone on for decades. However, many of the past constructions were lacking in either documentation or provable security of their methods. The need for a pseudorandom number generator (PRG) with provable security and strong documentation is evident. A new construction of a PRG is introduced. The new construction, labeled XRNG, looks to encompass recent research in the field of extractors along with previously known research in the field of pseudorandom number generation. Extractors, as the name suggests, looks to extract close to random information from high entropy sources.