The main objective of this study is to study the juridical and constitutional profile of the right to the genetic identity of the human person in the juridical and constitutional order of the mother country, especially as a basis for the consecration, even if implicit, of this right in the 1988 Constitution as a manifestation and principle of the dignity of the human person, of the general implicit clause for the protection of all essential manifestations of human personality and of the fundamental right to life, with particular reference to the anonymity or not of the donor of genetic material in the heterologous human reproduction technique, the present research will have as problematic to investigate the heterologous human reproduction, medically assisted, specifically with respect to the fundamental right of the person who was generated by this technique to know the genetic origin (civil identity) of the donor, even if in confrontation with the right to confidentiality of male gametes donors and / or u female. We have made a brief analysis on the constitutionalisation of private law, as well as seeking to extract the most relevant lessons about the constitutional principles applicable to the institute, especially the dignity of the human being, that it is an unquestionable fundamental right to the right of personality, aiming, therefore, to harmonize the rights in question, since the right to know the biological identity is not incompatible with the affective affiliation, especially that both the search for genetic ancestry and the secrecy of the gametes donors, are protected by the Brazilian legal system. In the first chapter of the development, we highlight the historicity of assisted human reproduction techniques, and we demonstrate that currently the procedure for the implementation of these techniques is based on the RESOLUTION of the CFM nº 2.168 / 2017 and that is processed in the National Congress the Draft Law 115 / 15, which establishes the Statute of Assisted Reproduction. In the second chapter, we emphasize that the constitutional protection granted to the family extends to the protection of the freedom of its members, marking, in this sense, the social function of assisted human reproduction. In the third chapter, we analyze that the direct to the genetic identity has its foundation in the principle of the human dignity, and does not imply presumption of filiation; and that when there is a collision between other fundamental rights, it will be necessary to establish an axiological hierarchy, placing the consideration of such rights in the hands of the Brazilian judiciary. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo precípuo o estudo sobre o perfil jurídico-constitucional do direito à identidade genética da pessoa humana na ordem jurídico-constitucional pátria, especialmente fundamentando a consagração, ainda que implícita, de tal direito na Constituição de 1988, como manifestação e exigência do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, da cláusula geral implícita de tutela de todas as manifestações essenciais da personalidade humana e do direito fundamental à vida, com destaque ao anonimato ou não do doador do material genético na técnica de reprodução humana heteróloga, vez que a presente pesquisa terá como problemática a ser investigada a reprodução humana heteróloga, medicamente assistida, especificamente no que toca ao direito fundamental da pessoa que foi gerada por essa técnica de conhecer a origem genética(identidade civil) do doador, mesmo que em confronto com o direito ao sigilo dos doadores de gametas masculino e/ou feminino. Fizemos uma breve análise sobre a constitucionalização do direito privado, bem como buscamos extrair as lições mais relevantes acerca dos princípios constitucionais aplicáveis ao instituto, notadamente o da dignidade da pessoa humana, repita-se, que se revela um inquestionável direito fundamental frente ao direito da personalidade, objetivando, por conseguinte, harmonizar os direitos em questão, posto que o direito de conhecer a identidade biológica não se revela incompatível com a filiação afetiva, máxime que tanto a busca pela ascendência genética, quanto o sigilo dos doadores de gametas, encontram-se resguardados pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. No primeiro capítulo do desenvolvimento, destacamos historicidade das técnicas de reprodução humana assistida, e demonstramos que atualmente o procedimento para a efetivação das aludidas técnicas baseia-se na RESOLUÇÃO do CFM nº 2.168/2017 e que tramita no Congresso Nacional o Projeto de Lei 115/15, que institui o Estatuto da Reprodução Assistida. No segundo capítulo, destacamos que a proteção Constitucional deferida à família estende-se à tutela da liberdade de seus membros, marcando, nesse sentido, a função social da reprodução humana assistida. No terceiro capítulo, analisamos que o direto à identidade genética tem seu fundamento no princípio da dignidade humana, e não implica em presunção de filiação; e que quando houver colisão entre outros direitos fundamentais, será necessário estabelecer uma hierarquia axiológica, colocando-se a ponderação de tais direitos nas mãos da magistratura brasileira. / São Cristóvão, SE

With pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), genetic testing and selective transfer of embryos is possible. In the future, germ-line gene therapy (GLGT) applied to embryos before implantation, in order to introduce missing genes or replace mutant ones, may be possible. The objective of this dissertation is to analyse moral aspects of these technologies, as described by eighteen British, Italian and Swedish gynaecologists and geneticists. The objective is systematised into three parts: research interviews and qualitative analysis, philosophical analysis, and elaboration of a framework that supports the combination of analytic methods. PGD was described as positive since it enabled some couples at risk for a genetic disease to have a child without the disease. PGD was described as in different senses ‘better’ than methods for prenatal diagnosis and selective termination of pregnancy. It was also described as positive since it provided couples at risk with one more option, even if it did not result in the birth of a healthy child. However, interviewees were concerned about the difficulty of defining and evaluating genetic disease. They were also concerned about patients’ choices, and about exaggerated use or misuse. Whereas PGD gave rise to ambivalence in terms of how to understand, describe and evaluate it, GLGT was often described as unrealistic or undesirable. The results of the qualitative analysis are used in a philosophical analysis of the concepts of choice, autonomous choice, ambivalence, trust and ambivalence in trust relations. A set of distinct characteristics of each concept are elaborated. The results of the philosophical analysis are used in the discussion of the results of the qualitative analysis. The study shows that the technologies imply both ‘new’ ways to perform ‘old’ medical practices and ‘new’ practices. Old moral questions are reformulated. New moral questions are added. Against the background of this, the concept of genetic identity is discussed. Key words: empirical ethics, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, germ-line gene therapy, qualitative research, philosophical analysis, medical progress, genetic disease, choice, autonomous choice, ambivalence, trust, genetic identity.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-12-01T11:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA, PCS-2016.pdf: 1856390 bytes, checksum: 668236db461cf5f5936d9fb25930846a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-16T12:24:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA, PCS-2016.pdf: 1856390 bytes, checksum: 668236db461cf5f5936d9fb25930846a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T12:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA, PCS-2016.pdf: 1856390 bytes, checksum: 668236db461cf5f5936d9fb25930846a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / O presente trabalho visa discutir o conflito entre o anonimato do doador de sêmen e o direito à identidade genética na técnica de reprodução assistida heteróloga. Aborda-se a busca dos casais inférteis pelo sonho de ter filhos, sendo necessária, algumas vezes, a utilização de material genético alheio aos deles. Discutem-se os princípios da Bioética e do Biodireito que permeiam os avanços da Biotecnologia, no intuito de preservar a humanidade de forma digna. No Brasil, defende-se o anonimato do doador de sêmen, tendo em vista que não há legislação específica, apenas resoluções do Conselho Federal de Medicina, gerando reflexões éticas e jurídicas. Há uma discrepância entre o contrato do doador de sêmen, que deve ser obrigatoriamente gratuito, e o contrato de recepção de sêmen, que é oneroso e lucrativo para as clínicas de reprodução humana assistida, pois prestam serviços médicos utilizando material genético gratuitamente obtido. Outrossim, não se confundem o direito à identidade genética com o direito de reconhecimento de paternidade. O princípio da afetividade norteia o Direito de Família, não sendo o pai biológico, de fato, o pai afetivo do indivíduo. O direito à ascendência genética está atrelado aos direitos de personalidade do ser humano, cuja existência deve ser digna, seja no aspecto físico ou emocional/psíquico. Percebe-se, então, que há uma carência de legislação para garantir o direito apenas à identidade genética, o que não incidiria em obrigações afetivas, alimentares ou/e sucessórias para o doador de sêmen. / This paper discusses the conflict between the anonymity of the sperm donor and the right to genetic identity in heterologous reproductive assisted technology. Deals with the search for the dream of infertile couples to have children, requiring sometimes the use of genetic material foreign to them. The principles of Bioethics and Biolaw discussing that pervade the advances in Biotechnology, in order to preserve humanity dignity. In Brazil, defends anonymity of semen donor, given that there is no specific legislation, only resolutions of the Federal Council of Medicine, generating ethical and legal considerations. There is a discrepancy between the semen donor contract, which must necessarily be free, and semen reception agreement, which is expensive and profitable for the assisted human reproduction clinics, as providing medical services by using genetic material obtained for free. Also, do not confuse the right to genetic identity with the right to paternity recognition. The principle of affectivity guides the Family Law, not being the biological father, in fact, the emotional individual's father. The right to genetic ancestry is linked to the personality rights of the human being, whose existence should be worthy, is the physical aspect or emotional / mental. It is clear, then, that there is a lack of legislation to ensure the right genetic identity, which would focus not on affective bonds, food and / or succession to the semen donor.

La thérapie génique est une recherche biomédicale qui a rencontré un certain succès, notamment la mise sur le marché du premier médicament en 2013. La thérapie génique souffre d’un encadrement juridique complexe en raison d’une disparité des règles applicables. L’encadrement des recherches biomédicales met à la charge du promoteur et de l’investigateur des obligations strictes visant à assurer la sécurité et la protection du patient. Cependant, on ne peut pas parler de droit spécial des recherches biomédicales, les rapports entre le patient et l’investigateur possèdent toutes les caractéristiques classiques de la relation médicale ordinaire. Bien que largement critiquée par la doctrine, la qualification des rapports entre l’investigateur et le patient ne peut être autre que celle de contrat médical. En conséquence, l’uniformisation du droit administratif et du droit civil est nécessaire en matière médicale. La reconnaissance du contrat médical dans les établissements de soins privés et publics est la première étape de cette uniformisation. Outre les rapports contractuels existants entre le médecin et le patient, la loi fournit une protection nécessaire au patient contre les manipulations génétiques. Parfois insuffisante, cette protection mérite discussion. / Gene therapy is a biomedical research that has met some success, including the placing on the market the first drug in 2013. The frame law of gene therapy is complex due to disparity rules. The frame law of biomedical researches imposes on the sponsor and the investigator obligations to ensure the safety and the protection of the patient. However, we can not talk about special rights in biomedical researches. The relationship between the patient and the investigator is not special, it have all the classic features of current medical relationship. Although widely criticized by the doctrine, the medical contract appears useful and irreplaceable in public or private health institutions. In consequence, civil law and administrative law must be standardized in medical field. The recognition of medical contract is the first step of this standardization. In addition to the contractual relationship between the patient and the physician, the law provides necessary protection to the patient against genetic engineering. Sometimes insufficient, this protection deserves discussions.