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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

To know or not to know the psychological implications of presymptomatic DNA testing for autosomal dominant inheritable late onset disorders /

Dudok de Wit, Anne Christine, January 1997 (has links)
Thesis Erasmus University Rotterdam. / ook verschenen in gedrukte versie. With bibliogr., with a summary in Dutch.
2

Genetic characterization of Plasmodium berghei apicoplast proteins

Haußig, Joana 26 August 2013 (has links)
Malaria wird durch den einzelligen Parasiten Plasmodium verursacht. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen obligat intrazellulären, eukaryotischen Erreger, der zum Phylum der Apicomplexa gehört. Apicomplexa zeichnen sich durch das einzigartige Vorhandensein eines ungewöhnlichen Plastids, genannt Apicoplast, aus. Die Exklusivität dieser Organelle und ihre metabolische Notwendigkeit für das Parasitenwachstum haben sie als attraktives pharmakologisches Ziel bestätigt. In dieser Arbeit wurden, unter Anwendung des Nagetier-Malariaerregers Plasmodium berghei, zwei verschiedene Aspekte von Apicoplast Proteinfunktionen untersucht. Zum Ersten wurde ein bislang unbeschriebenes Plasmodium Apicoplast Protein, Plasmodium-specific Apicoplast protein important for Liver Merozoite formation (PALM), charakterisiert. Drei voneinander unabhängige palm— Parasitenlinien, wurden durch zielgerichtete Gendeletion generiert. Die PALM Knockout-Mutanten entwickelten sich während eines Großteils des Lebenszyklus normal, jedoch war die Abgabe von Merozoiten in den Blutstrom und die Fähigkeit eine Blutstadien-Infektion zu etablieren signifikant beeinträchtigt. Experimentelle Immunisierung von Mäusen mit palm— Sporozoiten bewirkte einen starken und langanhaltenden Schutz gegen Reinfektion mit Malaria. Diese Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass Parasiten mit einem Arrest in den finalen Schritten der Bildung von Leberstadien-Merozoiten einen Vorteil gegenüber genetisch attenuierten Parasiten der ersten Generation haben, die in der frühen Leberstadienentwicklung arretiert sind. Zum Zweiten wurden die sechs Nucleus-kodierten Komponenten der [Fe-S] Cluster Biosynthese im Apicoplast systematisch durch experimentelle Genetik analysiert. Insgesamt zeigen meine Studien, dass bisher unbekannte Ziele im Plasmodium Apicoplast für Interventionsstrategien gegen Malaria geeignet sind. / Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, an obligate intracellular eukaryotic pathogen that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan parasites harbor an unusual plastid organelle, termed apicoplast. Because this unique organelle is indispensable for parasite growth it is a validated and attractive drug target. Using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, two different aspects of apicoplast protein functions were analyzed in this study. Firstly, a previously uncharacterized Plasmodium apicoplast protein, Plasmodium-specific Apicoplast protein important for Liver Merozoite formation (PALM), was investigated. Three independent palm— knockout parasite lines were generated by targeted gene deletion. While the resulting knockout mutants developed normally for most of the life cycle, merozoite release into the blood stream and the ability to establish an infection was severely impaired. Experimental immunization of mice with palm— sporozoites elicited unprecedented potent and long-lasting protection against malaria re-infection. The results indicate that a tailor-made arrest in the final steps of hepatic merozoite formation could be an improvement over first-generation early liver-stage genetically arrested parasites (GAPs). Secondly, the six nuclear-encoded components of the apicoplast [Fe-S] cluster biosynthesis pathway were systematically targeted by experimental genetics. Together, my studies show that the Plasmodium apicoplast harbors previously unrecognized targets for anti-malaria intervention strategies.
3

Pre-clinical evaluation and improvement of attenuated malaria sporozoite vaccine candidates

Kreutzfeld, Oriana 16 January 2020 (has links)
Malaria Impfstoffkandidaten, welche Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit gegen prä-erythrozytische Stadien bieten, sind nach wie vor in der Entwicklung. Experimentelle Immunisierungsstudien mit genetisch attenuierten Parasiten (GAP), welche die Entwicklung über das klinisch asymptomatische Leberstadium hinaus verhindern, erwiesen sich als sicher und effizient. ΔSLARP GAP-Sporozoiten arretieren vollständig in der Leber, bieten jedoch keinen langanhaltenden Schutz. Hingegen zeigen Immunisierungen mit ΔP36p/P36 Sporozoiten einen langanhaltenden Schutz, führen jedoch während der Immunisierung gelegentlich zu Blutstadieninfektionen. Diese Studie liefert eine systematische vorklinische Bewertung eines dreifachen KO GAP-Parasiten, durch die Kombination von ΔSLARP und ΔP36p/P36. KO Parasiten arretierten vollständig in vitro und in vivo, aber der zeitnahe Blutinfektionsbeginn nach einer Sporozoiteninfektion in Mäusen zeigte eine verminderte Wirksamkeit des Impfstoffs. Während ein besserer Schutz durch einen späten Leberstadien Entwicklungsstillstand erreicht werden kann, bleiben die zugrundeliegenden molekularen Mechanismen unklar. Eine Vorrausetzung für die Leberzellen Antigenpräsentation ist die Präsenz von parasitären Antigenen im hepatozyten Zytoplasma. Der Proteinexportkomplex PTEX ist in Leberstadien nicht vollständig funktionstüchtig, da das essentielle Hitzeschockprotein 101 (HSP101) nicht exprimiert wird. Um die Rolle von HSP101 für den Leberproteinexport zu klären, wurden transgene HSP101 exprimierende Parasiten erzeugt. Transgene Parasiten weisen in vitro und in vivo schwere Wachstumsstörungen im Leberstadium auf und bieten keinen Impfschutz. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die Expression von HSP101 streng kontrolliert wird und der Export im frühen Leberstadien nicht wiederhergestellt werden kann. Insgesamt können prä-klinische Studien und die Weiterentwicklung von GAP-basierten Impfstoffkandidaten die laufenden humanen Impfstoffstudien beeinflussen und vorantreiben. / Malaria vaccine candidates providing both safety and efficacy against pre-erythrocytic stages remain largely elusive. Experimental immunizations with live genetically attenuated parasites (GAPs) preventing the development beyond the clinically silent liver stage have proven safe and efficacious. GAP vaccine candidate ΔSLARP, provides the most robust life cycle arrest, however, immunizations do not elicit long-lasting immunity. In contrast, ΔP36p/P36 sporozoites elicit long-lasting immunity, but lead to breakthrough infections during immunizations. This study gives a systematic pre-clinical evaluation of a triple knockout (tKO) GAP by combining ΔSLARP and ΔP36p/P36. Complete arrest of tKO parasites in cultured hepatoma cells and sporozoite-infected mice was confirmed, but time to blood infection after a sporozoite challenge revealed reduced efficacy of the tKO vaccine. While superior immunity can be achieved by a late developmental arrest at liver-to-blood stage conversion, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. An important question is whether parasite antigens are exposed to the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Protein translocation into the host cell cytoplasm mediated by PTEX, a protein translocon, is absent during liver stage maturation as a core component of PTEX, Heat-shock-protein 101 (HSP101), is not expressed. To clarify the role of HSP101 in liver stage protein export transgenic HSP101 expressing Plasmodium berghei parasites were generated. Parasites expressing elevated levels of HSP101 show severe liver stage growth defects in vitro and in vivo, lack early liver stage export and inferior protection in immunized animals. Our results suggest that HSP101 expression is tightly controlled and PTEX dependent early liver stage export cannot be restored solely by HSP101 overexpression. Overall, pre-clinical analysis and improvement of GAP-based vaccine candidates can inform on-going human vaccine trials and boost malaria vaccine development.
4

Sensitivity towards HDAC inhibition is associated with RTK/MAPK pathway activation in gastric cancer

Seidlitz, Therese, Schmäche, Tim, Garcίa, Fernando, Lee, Joon Ho, Qin, Nan, Kochall, Susan, Fohgrub, Juliane, Pauck, David, Rothe, Alexander, Koo, Bon‐Kyoung, Weitz, Jürgen, Remke, Marc, Muñoz, Javier, Stange, Daniel E. 06 June 2024 (has links)
Gastric cancer ranks the fifth most common and third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Alterations in the RTK/MAPK, WNT, cell adhesion, TP53, TGFβ, NOTCH, and NFκB signaling pathways could be identified as main oncogenic drivers. A combination of altered pathways can be associated with molecular subtypes of gastric cancer. In order to generate model systems to study the impact of different pathway alterations in a defined genetic background, we generated three murine organoid models: a RAS‐activated (KrasG12D, Tp53R172H), a WNT‐activated (Apcfl/fl, Tp53R172H), and a diffuse (Cdh1fl/fl, Apcfl/fl) model. These organoid models were morphologically and phenotypically diverse, differed in proteome expression signatures and possessed individual drug sensitivities. A differential vulnerability to RTK/MAPK pathway interference based on the different mitogenic drivers and according to the level of dependence on the pathway could be uncovered. Furthermore, an association between RTK/MAPK pathway activity and susceptibility to HDAC inhibition was observed. This finding was further validated in patient‐derived organoids from gastric adenocarcinoma, thus identifying a novel treatment approach for RTK/MAPK pathway altered gastric cancer patients.
5

Germline Development of Genetically Female Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Reared under Different Temperature Regimes

Habibah, Aulidya N., Pfennig, Frank, Wilting, Jörg, Holtz, Wolfgang, Hoerstgen-Schwark, Gabriele, Wessels, Stephan 26 May 2020 (has links)
In teleosts, elevated temperature during embryogenesis can act on germline cell development, which in turn plays a role for sexual fate. In Nile tilapia, a species with high-temperature-induced masculinization, little is known about the effects of increased temperature on gonadal development in non-masculinized females. The aim of the present work was to investigate persistent effects on the germline of genetically female (XX) Nile tilapia reared at normal (28 ° C) or elevated temperature (36°C) during the critical time of gonadal sex differentiation at 10 to 20 days post fertilization. Nonsex-reversed females were compared to control females to determine persistent effects of temperature on subsequent ovarian development using histological approaches. Germline stem cells were identified using the germline marker Vasa in combination with the proliferation marker PCNA. Vasa- and PCNA-positive germline stem cells were found in ovaries of both high-temperature-treated and control females. In both groups, ovarian germline stem cells were located at the germinal epithelium of the ovigerous lamellae. Although no detrimental effects of high temperature on gonadal development in female Nile tilapia were observed, implications on the reproductive fitness caused by elevated temperature need to be investigated in greater depth.
6

Adipositas: <i>In vivo</i> Expressionsstudien über den Adipositas Faktor <i>DOR</i> und Studien zur Translationskontrolle in der frühen Adipogenese / Obesity: <i>In vivo</i> expression studies about the obesity factor <i>DOR</i> and studies of translational control in early adipogenesis

Fromm-Dornieden, Carolin 20 April 2012 (has links)
No description available.

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