Obesidade é o acúmulo excessivo ou anormal de gordura em relação à massa magra, podendo ser modificada por fatores ambientais, genéticos e comportamentais. Na literatura, é bem estabelecida a associação entre diabetes, tabagismo e, mais recentemente, obesidade e periodontite. Entretanto, estudos de prevalência e de associação entre obesidade e gengivite ainda são bastante escassos, especialmente em indivíduos adultos. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre obesidade e diferentes fatores sociodemográficos, médico-odontológicos e comportamentais em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Esse estudo, de caráter epidemiológico transversal, avaliou 614 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. Foram incluídos apenas os indivíduos com pelo menos quatro dentes em boca e que não utilizem aparelhos ortodônticos fixos. Os participantes foram identificados por meio de uma amostragem probabilística multi-estágios, considerando também a distribuição de acordo com o gênero e faixa etária. Dez setores censitários foram visitados. Uma entrevista estruturada foi realizada por pesquisadores treinados, obtendo-se informação de gênero, idade, hábitos comportamentais e estado de saúde sistêmica. Um examinador treinado e calibrado realizou exames de Índice de Placa Visível, Índice gengival de Löe-Silness, modificado por Löe, e cálculo. Além disso, peso, altura e percentual de gordura, obtido através de um aparelho portátil de microcorrente elétrica, também foram coletados. Regressão multivariada de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre obesidade e os diferentes fatores médico-odontológicos e sociodemográficos. Dos indivíduos examinados, 33,89% foram classificados como obesos por apresentarem índice de massa corporal pelo menos de 30 kg/m². Observou-se que gênero feminino, hipertensão autorreportada, não fumar, maiores percentuais de placa visível e maior número de dentes presentes apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com obesidade quando comparados com indivíduos não obesos. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência de obesidade, na presente amostra, foi alta e que o gênero feminino, não fumar e maiores percentuais de placa estiveram associados com a obesidade. Contudo, nenhuma associação estatisticamente significativa foi estabelecida entre gengivite e obesidade. / Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in relation to lean body mass that may be modified by environmental, genetic and behavioral factors. It is well established the relationship between diabetes, smoking and, more recently, obesity and periodontitis. However, studies regarding the association between obesity and gingivitis are quite scarce, especially in adults. This study aimed to verify the association between obesity and different sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors in a sample of adults in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This is as an epidemiological cross-sectional study that evaluated 614 subjects with at least 18 years old. Only subjects with the minimum of four teeth and those who did not use fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Participants were identified through a multi-stage probability sampling, considering the distribution according to gender and age. Ten census tracts were visited. A structured interview was conducted by trained researchers to collect information about gender, age, behavioral habits and systemic impaired conditions. A trained and calibrated examiner performed the Plaque Visible Index, Löe-Sillness Gingival Index modified by Löe and calculus. Additionally, weight, height and body fat percentage, obtained through a portable electrical microcurrent, were collected. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between obesity and the sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors. Obesity, defined as body mass index ≥30kg/m2, were found in 33.89% of the examined subjects. It was showed that females, self-reported hypertension, no smoking, higher visible plaque percentage, and bigger number of teeth were significantly associated with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. It was concluded that the occurrence of obesity was high and that females, never/former smokers and larger plaque percentages were associated with obesity. However, no statistically significant association was established between gingivitis and obesity.

Obesidade é o acúmulo excessivo ou anormal de gordura em relação à massa magra, podendo ser modificada por fatores ambientais, genéticos e comportamentais. Na literatura, é bem estabelecida a associação entre diabetes, tabagismo e, mais recentemente, obesidade e periodontite. Entretanto, estudos de prevalência e de associação entre obesidade e gengivite ainda são bastante escassos, especialmente em indivíduos adultos. O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre obesidade e diferentes fatores sociodemográficos, médico-odontológicos e comportamentais em uma amostra de indivíduos adultos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil. Esse estudo, de caráter epidemiológico transversal, avaliou 614 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. Foram incluídos apenas os indivíduos com pelo menos quatro dentes em boca e que não utilizem aparelhos ortodônticos fixos. Os participantes foram identificados por meio de uma amostragem probabilística multi-estágios, considerando também a distribuição de acordo com o gênero e faixa etária. Dez setores censitários foram visitados. Uma entrevista estruturada foi realizada por pesquisadores treinados, obtendo-se informação de gênero, idade, hábitos comportamentais e estado de saúde sistêmica. Um examinador treinado e calibrado realizou exames de Índice de Placa Visível, Índice gengival de Löe-Silness, modificado por Löe, e cálculo. Além disso, peso, altura e percentual de gordura, obtido através de um aparelho portátil de microcorrente elétrica, também foram coletados. Regressão multivariada de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre obesidade e os diferentes fatores médico-odontológicos e sociodemográficos. Dos indivíduos examinados, 33,89% foram classificados como obesos por apresentarem índice de massa corporal pelo menos de 30 kg/m². Observou-se que gênero feminino, hipertensão autorreportada, não fumar, maiores percentuais de placa visível e maior número de dentes presentes apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com obesidade quando comparados com indivíduos não obesos. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência de obesidade, na presente amostra, foi alta e que o gênero feminino, não fumar e maiores percentuais de placa estiveram associados com a obesidade. Contudo, nenhuma associação estatisticamente significativa foi estabelecida entre gengivite e obesidade. / Obesity is the excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat in relation to lean body mass that may be modified by environmental, genetic and behavioral factors. It is well established the relationship between diabetes, smoking and, more recently, obesity and periodontitis. However, studies regarding the association between obesity and gingivitis are quite scarce, especially in adults. This study aimed to verify the association between obesity and different sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors in a sample of adults in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. This is as an epidemiological cross-sectional study that evaluated 614 subjects with at least 18 years old. Only subjects with the minimum of four teeth and those who did not use fixed orthodontic appliances were included. Participants were identified through a multi-stage probability sampling, considering the distribution according to gender and age. Ten census tracts were visited. A structured interview was conducted by trained researchers to collect information about gender, age, behavioral habits and systemic impaired conditions. A trained and calibrated examiner performed the Plaque Visible Index, Löe-Sillness Gingival Index modified by Löe and calculus. Additionally, weight, height and body fat percentage, obtained through a portable electrical microcurrent, were collected. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between obesity and the sociodemographic, medical, dental and behavioral factors. Obesity, defined as body mass index ≥30kg/m2, were found in 33.89% of the examined subjects. It was showed that females, self-reported hypertension, no smoking, higher visible plaque percentage, and bigger number of teeth were significantly associated with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. It was concluded that the occurrence of obesity was high and that females, never/former smokers and larger plaque percentages were associated with obesity. However, no statistically significant association was established between gingivitis and obesity.

In der Pilotstudie sollten die Auswirkungen von Mundhygiene Instruktionen während einer kieferorthopädischen Multibandtherapie auf die Besiedelung der Mundhöhle mit Streptokokken der Mutans-Gruppe und auf den Entzündungszustand der Gingiva untersucht werden. Erhoben wurde bei Studienbeginn, nach 4 und nach 8 Wochen der Gingival-Index, der Sulkus-Blutungs-Index, der Parodontale Screening-Index, der Plaque-Index und die Streptokokkus Mutans Kolonisierungsklassen im Speichel. Es wurden Patienten ab Einsetzten der Multibandapparatur (B0) und Patienten welche seit mindestens 3 Monaten eine Multibandtherapie (B3) erhielten untersucht. In der Gruppe B3 nahmen alle erhobenen Parameter 4 Wochen nach der Mundhygiene Instruktion signifikant ab. Sie stiegen anschließend wieder signifikant an. In der Gruppe B0 nahmen alle Parameter, außer dem Plaque-Index stetig zu. Die Ergebnisse der Pilotstudie zeigen wie wichtig regelmäßige Instruktionen zur Mundhygiene und erneute Motivation zur häuslichen Mundhygiene während kieferorthopädischer Multibandtherapie sind. / The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the influence of oral hygiene instructions on patients undergoing an orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on gingival inflammation. Examined parameters were gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, periodontal screening index, plaque index and the streptococcus mutans colonization classes of saliva. Participating the pilot study were patients just starting the orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (B0) and patients undergoing an orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances for more than three months (B3). In group B3 all parameters decreased significantly four weeks after the oral hygiene instructions. In the course of time they increased again. In group B0 all parameters, except plaque index, increased steadily. The results of this pilot study show how important continuous oral hygiene instructions and repeated motivations during orthodontic treatment are.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The effects of additional citrus fruit in the diet on the periodontium have been a debated subject for some time. This study attempted to measure the effects of eating three additional oranges per day by 123 children ages six through twenty years and an equal number of controls over a 23-week period. To measure any changes that might take place, the following were evaluated clinically, and the decayed, missing and filled surfaces were also evaluated radiographically: 1. gingival status 2. plaque formation 3. D.M.F.S. and d.m.f.s. 4. white spots Results after the 23 week test period showed that the gingival scores increased significantly in both groups (increased inflammation). The plaque formation score also increased in both groups, but only the non-orange eaters' score increased significantly over their original score and over the orange eaters' score. The decayed, missing, and filled surfaces and white spots did not change significantly in either group. Therefore with this study sample over the 23-week test period, the additional oranges in the diet had limited measurable effect on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity.

No description available.

Während der Behandlung mit festsitzenden kieferorthopädischen Multibracket-Apparaturen sind gingivale Entzündungen, Plaque und Karies häufig beobachtete Beeinträchtigungen der oralen Gesundheit. Diese sind häufig auf Biofilme zurückführbar, welche sich durch Eingliederung von Multibracket-Apparaturen auf zusätzlichen Oberflächen und Nischen etablieren können. Ziel dieser klinischen Studie war es, zu evaluieren, ob der 14-tägige Verzehr eines nitratreichen Gemüsesafts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Multibracket-Apparaturen zu einer Beeinflussung des oralen Entzündungsstatus und der Stickstoffmonoxid-Produktion führen kann. Es zeigte sich eine tendenzielle Verbesserung des Plaque Control Record bei Patienten/innen, welche der Saftgruppe zugeteilt waren, jedoch erreichte diese Änderung nicht das Signifikanzniveau. Der Gingiva Index reduzierte sich nach der Safteinnahme signifikant, wohingegen er in der Kontrollgruppe im Studienverlauf anstieg. Die Messung des Stickstoffmonoxid-Gehalts zeigte in keiner der Studiengruppen signifikante Erkenntnisse. Nach der Safteinnahme konnte die Anzahl an kariogener Laktobazillen signifikant verringert werden. Die Messung der tiefen Taschen und der Blutung auf Sondierung (BoP) kam zu dem Ergebnis, dass in der Saftgruppe von Termin 1 zu 2 (Zeitpunkt der Safteinnahme) im Bereich der Frontzähne, Eckzähne und Prämolaren beide Parameter signifikant reduziert werden konnten. Im Bereich der Molaren kam es zu einer nicht signifikanten Reduktion. In der Kontrollgruppe hingegen stieg der BoP-Wert im Studienverlauf an und die tiefen Taschen zeigten keine signifikanten Änderungen. Die Daten dieser klinischen Studie legen nahe, dass der Konsum eines Gemüsesafts mit erhöhtem Gehalt an Nitrat bei Kindern mit festsitzenden kieferorthopädischen Multibracket-Apparaturen zu einer Reduktion von Gingivitis, Plaque, erhöhten Taschentiefen und Blutung auf Sondierung führen kann. Die erhobenen Daten stellen daher eine Grundlage für zukünftige Studien zur Optimierung der klinischen Behandlung von Patienten/innen mit Multibracket-Apparatur-induzierten Entzündungen dar. / During treatment with fixed orthodontic multibracket appliances gingival inflammation, plaque and caries are frequently observed impairments of oral health. These are often due to biofilms, which can be established on additional surfaces and niches. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate whether the 14-day consumption of a nitrate-rich vegetable juice in children and adolescents with multibracket appliances can lead to an influence on oral inflammatory status and nitric oxide production. There was a trend toward improvement in the Plaque Control Record in patients assigned to the juice group, but this change did not reach the significance level. The Gingiva Index decreased significantly after juice intake, whereas it increased in the control group during the course of the study. Measurement of nitric oxide levels showed no significant findings in any of the study groups. There was a significant reduction in the number of cariogenic lactobacilli after juice ingestion. Measurement of deep pockets and Bleeding on Probing (BoP) concluded that both parameters were significantly reduced in the juice group from date 1 to 2 (time of juice intake) in the anterior, canine and premolar regions. In the molar region, there was a non-significant reduction. In the control group, however, the BoP increased over the course of the study and the deep pockets showed no significant changes. The data from this clinical study suggest that the consumption of a vegetable juice with an increased nitrate level may lead to a reduction of gingivitis, plaque, increased pocket depths, and Bleeding on Probing in children with fixed orthodontic multibracket appliances. The data collected therefore provide a basis for future studies to optimize the clinical management of patients with multibracket appliance-induced inflammation.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1971.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.