The bactericidal efficacy of Listerine®, the essential oil-containing mouthrinse, has long been recognized. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Listerine® mouthrinse, when added to the standard oral hygiene regimen, had an added benefit in reducing plaque and gingivitis development in orthodontic patients over a six-month period. 50 orthodontic patients from the Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Orthodontics were assigned either to the brushing + flossing (N= 25) or brushing + flossing + Listerine® (N = 25) group. At baseline (TI), measurements for the Ramfjord teeth were recorded for the gingival index, plaque index and bleeding index. Subsequent measurements were taken at 3 and 6 months (T2 and T3, respectively). The response profiles for the BI, MGI, and PI over time were significantly different (p<.001) between the two groups. Patients who had Listerine&174; mouthrinse added to their daily oral hygiene regimen exhibited significantly lower BI, MGI, and PI scores at 3 months and 6 months than the patients who only brushed and flossed.

O biofilme é um dos fatores primários para o desenvolvimento da gengivite, periodontite e outras alterações na saúde gengival do paciente. O tratamento ortodôntico é um fator predisponente para adesão de microrganismos deixando o paciente susceptível ao maior acúmulo de biofilme e, consequentemente, às doenças periodontais. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações clínicas, microbiológicas e imunológicas no paciente em tratamento ortodôntico corretivo e testar as hipóteses nulas: 1 - não há diferença nos parâmetros clínicos, microbiológicos e imunológicos antes e durante o tratamento ortodôntico, 2 não há correlação entre os índices clínicos e imunológicos. Em 28 pacientes com necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico corretivo foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos como índice de Placa (IP), índice de Sangramento (IS), largura de gengiva queratinizada (LGQ); parâmetros microbiológicos por meio da contagem de 40 espécies subgengivais em amostras de biofilme (Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization) e avaliação imunológica por meio da expressão dos níveis de Interleucina-1 &beta; (IL-1&beta; ), metaloproteínase da matriz-8 (MMP-8) e Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF-&alpha;) no Fluído Crevicular Gengival (FCG) (Luminex). Foram realizadas coletas em 3 momentos: T0 = antes da colocação do aparelho; T1 = 6 meses após e T2= 12 meses após o início do tratamento. Para as análises clínicas e microbiológicas foram aplicados teste de Friedman e Wilcoxon com correção de Bonferroni e para a análise imunológica, Análise de variância para medidas repetidas. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante para a LGQ. IP apresentou aumento, sendo estatisticamente significante em T1 (70,58±28,56) e T2 (83,23±12,30) quando comparados ao T0 (24,44±11,56). O IS apresentou aumento estatisticamente significante em T1 (7,97±5,04) e diminuição em T2 (6,20±4,09), demonstrando valores sem diferença estatisticamente significante a T0 (4,54±4,98). Na análise microbiológica, dentre os seis complexos analisados, apenas o complexo vermelho apresentou frequência significativamente maior (p=0,001) em T2. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante nos valores dos níveis das citocinas avaliadas, entre todos os tempos (p>0,05), porém em T2 houve correlação positiva moderada entre IS e IL-1&beta; (r=0,49 p=0,01) e TNF-&alpha; (r=0,39 e p=0,05). As hipóteses nulas foram rejeitadas. O tratamento ortodôntico corretivo causou alterações periodontais clínicas com relação ao acúmulo de biofilme e sangramento gengival, alterações de bactérias periodontopatogênicas, além de gengivite após 6 meses de tratamento / The biofilm is one of the primary factors for the gingivitis and periodontitis development and changes in periodontal health. Orthodontic treatment is a predisposing factor for microorganisms adhesion leaving the patient susceptible to greater biofilm accumulation and, consequently, to periodontal diseases. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters in patients in orthodontic treatment. The null hypothesis tested were: 1 - there is no difference in clinical, microbiologica and immunological parameters before and during orthodontic treatment; 2 there is no correlation between clinical and immunological parameters. In twenty-eight patients with corrective orthodontic treatment were evaluated clinical parameters, such as Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) and width of keratinized gingiva; microbiological parameters with counting of 40 subgingival species with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization and immunological evaluation of cytokines levels IL-1&beta; , MMP-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-&alpha;) in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Samples were collected in three times: T0 = before orthodontic treatment; T1 = 6 months after and T2 = 12 months after starting orthodontic treatment. Data from clinical and microbiological evaluation were statistically analyzed with Friedman and Wilcoxon tests with Bonferroni correction and for the immunological analysis, Analysis of variance for repeated measures were applied. No significant difference was found for the width of keratinized gingiva. PI presented an increase, being statistically significant at T1 (70.58±28.56) and T2 (83.23±12.30) when compared with T0 (24.44±11.56). The BOP showed a statistically significant increase at T1 (7.97±5.04), however, at T2 (6.20±4.09) the values decrease with no statistically significant difference with T0 (4.54±4.98). In the microbiological analysis, the red complex showed significantly greater frequency (p=0.01) at T2. There was no statistically significant difference in the cytokine levels between the times, but there was a positive moderate correlation between BOP and IL-1&beta; (r=0.49 p=0.01) and TNF-&alpha; (r=0.39 e p=0.05). The null hypothesis were rejected. Corrective orthodontic treatment caused clinical periodontal changes regarding biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding, alterations of periodontopathogens, besides gingivitis after 6 months of treatment

Hipersensibilidade dentária (HD) é definida como uma dor decorrente de dentina exposta em resposta a fatores intra-bucais. Porém, o papel do biofilme supragengival (BS) no processo de desencadeamento e/ou aumento da HD não é totalmente esclarecido. Este estudo é um ensaio clínico de braço único cujo objetivo foi o de avaliar se, após 4 dias sem medidas mecânicas de controle do BS, a auto-percepção da hipersensibilidade dentinária é influenciada pela presença daquele. Para isto, 74 participantes (28,1±7,3 anos, 48 mulheres), com saúde gengival e ≥ 5 dentes hígidos por quadrante, foram incluídos se apresentassem recessão (REC) e/ou queixa de HD. No dia 0, avaliou-se REC, escala Schiff (ES), Escala Visual Analógica, sensibilidade tátil por meio da sonda Jay (JAY) e Índice de Sangramento Gengival (ISG). Após, realizou-se profilaxia, para remoção de cálculo e/ou BS e os participantes foram orientados a abster-se do controle mecânico do BS por 4 dias e a realizar 2 bochechos/dia (manhã e noite, 1 minuto) com solução de creme dental fluoretado (1g/9ml). No dia 4, após exame usando o Índice de Placa Visível (IPV), índice de Quigley-Hein (QH), EVA e ISG, foi realizada nova profilaxia. Regressão logística por meio de Equações de Estimação Generalizadas foi conduzida, sendo o dente a unidade de análise. Uma média de 6,00±4,08 dentes/paciente apresentou recessão e/ou queixa de HD. Na totalidade dos dentes (n=444), o acúmulo do BS não determinou aumento na queixa de HD. Quando analisados dentes com Schiff≥1 no dia 0 (n=128), a presença de BS associou-se ao aumento na EVA (OR=4,233; p=0,006) independente da presença ou extensão da REC. Conclui-se que o acúmulo do BS aumenta a auto-percepção de HD. / Dental hypersensitivity (HD) is defined as a pain arising from exposed dentin in response to intra-buccal factors. However, the role of the supragingival biofilm (BS) in the process of triggering and / or increasing HD is not fully understood. This study is a single-arm clinical trial whose objective was to evaluate whether, after 4 days without mechanical measures of BS control, the self-perception of dentin hypersensitivity is influenced by the presence of that. Seventy-four participants (28.1 ± 7.3 years, 48 women) with gingival health and ≥ 5 healthy teeth per quadrant were included if they presented recession (REC) and / or HD complaint. At day 0, REC, Schiff scale (ES), Visual Analog Scale tactile sensitivity by means of the Jay (JAY) probe and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) were performed. After that, prophylaxis was performed, for calculation and / or BS removal, and participants were instructed to abstain from BS mechanical control for 4 days and to perform 2 mouthwashes / day (morning and night, 1 minute) with a fluoride toothpaste slurry (1g / 9ml). On day 4, after examination using the Visible Plaque Index (IPV), Quigley-Hein Index (QH), EVA and GBI, a new prophylaxis was performed. Logistic regression using Generalized Estimation Equations was conducted, with the tooth being the unit of analysis. An average of 6.00 ± 4.08 teeth/patient presented recession and / or complaint of HD. In all teeth (n = 444), the accumulation of BS did not increase HD complaint. When teeth with Schiff≥1 on day 0 were (n = 128), the presence of BS was associated with an increase in VAS (OR = 4,233; p = 0.006) regardless of the presence or extent of REC. It is concluded that the accumulation of BS increases the self-perception of HD

Orientador: Iveraldo dos Santos Dutra / Resumo: As doenças periodontais são associadas ao manejo do solo e à dieta e provocam danos à saúde e ao bem-estar dos bovinos. Da mesma forma afeta o desempenho e a eficiência alimentar em decorrência das dificuldades na mastigação e ruminação. Considerada uma enfermidade multifatorial, na qual as bactérias são necessárias para que ocorra o processo infeccioso, mas não suficientes, elas têm características clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas particulares. Inicialmente associada à formação de pastagem em extensas áreas das regiões Sudeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte do país, a periodontite pode reincidir após a reforma dos pastos ou alimentação dos animais com forragens recém-cultivadas. Na pecuária extensiva, a doença tende à redução espontânea e gradativa nos sistemas de produção com o decorrer dos anos e na dependência do tipo de solo. Ocorrendo em episódios, ela tem característica sazonal e permanece sob a forma crônica em animais adultos; provocam inflamações dos tecidos de proteção e sustentação dos dentes. Na gengivite e gengivite necrosante, que são percursoras da periodontite, a inflamação está associada à formação do biofilme bacteriano e à resposta imune do hospedeiro. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi avaliar clinicamente bezerros com doença periodontal e verificar as correlações bioquímicas séricas e salivares. Dez bezerros desmamados, com idade entre 4 e 6 meses, mantidos em pastejo rotacionado em área reformada foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n=5 cad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Periodontal diseases are associated with soil management and diet and cause damage to the health and well-being of cattle. It also affects performance and food efficiency as a result of difficulties in chewing and rumination. Considered as a multifactorial disease, in which bacteria are necessary for the infectious process to occur, but not enough, they have particular clinical and pathological and epidemiological characteristics. Initially associated with pasture formation in extensive areas of the Southeast, Midwest and Northern regions of the country, periodontitis may recur after pasture reform or feed the animals with freshly grown fodder. In extensive livestock, the disease tends to spontaneous and gradual reduction in production systems over the years and depending on the type of soil. Occurring in episodes, it has a seasonal characteristic and remains chronic in adult animals; inflammation of the protective tissues and support of the teeth. In gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis, which are precursors of periodontitis, inflammation is associated with the formation of the bacterial biofilm and the immune response of the host. The general objective of the present study was to evaluate clinically calves with periodontal disease and to verify the biochemical correlations between serum and salivary. Ten weaned calves, aged 4 to 6 months, maintained on rotational grazing in a reformed area were randomly divided into two groups (n = 5 each group): control and treatment. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A definição clara de doença periodontal é fundamental para se estabelecer critérios de risco ao desenvolvimento de outras condições sistêmicas e definir fenótipos biológicos que representem os eventos microbiológicos, moleculares e imunológicos subjacentes à manifestação clínica da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência dos diferentes fenótipos biológicos dentre os pacientes atendidos na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru-USP, correlacionando os achados clínicos às condições sistêmicas dos pacientes e aos achados microscópicos. Foram incluídos na amostra dados do prontuário clínico de 313 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 12 e 76 anos. Após a coleta dos dados relativos à identificação, história médica e odontológica e parâmetros periodontais (profundidade de sondagem P.S.; recessão - REC ou hiperplasia HP; nível de inserção clínica NIC; índice de sangramento à sondagem SS e índice de placa IPl), a amostra foi dividida em cinco grupos: IBG-S (Interface Biofilme Gengiva - Saúde)- SS <10% e P.S. 3mm (n=24); IBG-G (Gengivite)- SS&#x2265;10% e P.S.&#x2264;3mm (n=39); IBG-LP/SL (Lesão Profunda- Sangramento Leve)- SS< 10% e 1 sítio ou mais P.S.&#x2265;4 mm (n=47); IBG-LP/SM (Lesão Profunda -Sangramento Moderado)- 10%-49% de SS e 1 sítio ou mais com P.S.&#x2265;4 mm (n=131); IBG-LP/SS (Lesão Profunda -Sangramento severo)- SS&#x2265;50% dos sítios e 1 sítio ou mais com P.S.&#x2265;4 mm (n=72). Foram obtidas biópsias de tecido mole de 25 pacientes dos diferentes grupos para análise em microscopia ótica convencional por dois examinadores experientes, desconhecedores da identificação dos pacientes. Os resultados demonstraram maior prevalência de IBG-LP/SM (41,85%) e menor prevalência de IBG-S (7,65%). A idade média foi de 42,93 ± 14,48 anos, sem diferenças entre os grupos (p=0.42; Kruskal-Wallis), com prevalência de mulheres (63,8%). A avaliação pelo teste Chi-quadrado demonstrou que IBG-LP/SL, IBG- LP/SM e IBG-LP/SS apresentaram maior número de fumantes do que IBG-S e IBG-G (p=0.015), sem diferenças entre os grupos em relação à presença de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares (p>0.05). O risco de pacientes com SS>10% apresentarem doenças cardiovasculares foi significativamente elevado (p= 0.04, teste exato de Fischer). A P.S. média e NIC foram maiores no grupo IBG-PL/SS (2.95±1.55; 1.94±2.24, respectivamente) e menores no grupo IBG-G (1.71±0.65 e 0.51±0.99, respectivamente), com diferenças significantes entre os grupos (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). O SS e IPl foram maiores nos grupos IBG-LP/SS e IBG-G, seguido pelos grupos IBG-LP/SM, IBG-LP/SL e IBG-S (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). A análise microscópica demonstrou que o diagnóstico clínico foi compatível com o diagnóstico microscópico em 10 das 25 amostras investigadas (40%), observando-se correlação entre os achados clínicos e microscópicos em 100% das amostras do grupo IBG-G (n=4), 83,3% do grupo IBG-LP/SS (n=6), 50% do grupo IBG-S (n=2), 16,67% do grupo IBG-LP/SM (n=6) e 0% do grupo IBG-LP/SL (n=7). Esses achados sugerem que a manifestação clínica da doença periodontal é heterogênea, não compatível com a resposta inflamatória observada no tecido conjuntivo gengival. / A clear definition of periodontal disease is essential to establish criteria of risk of developing other systemic conditions, as well as to determine biological phenotypes that represent the microbiological, molecular and immunological features underlying clinical manifestation of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of different biological phenotypes among patients attended at School of Dentistry at Bauru-USP, correlating the clinical findings with systemic conditions and microscopic findings. It was included in the sample data collected from dental file records of 313 patients, both genders, age ranged 12-76 years. After collection of data related to the identification, medical and dental history and periodontal parameters (probing depth PD; recession REC or marginal hyperplasia HP; clinical attachment level CAL; bleeding on probing BOP; plaque índex IPl), sample was divided into Five groups: BGI-H (Health)- BOP <10% and PD&#x2264; 3mm (n=24); BGI-G (Gingivitis)- BOP&#x2265;10% and PD&#x2264;3mm (n=39); BGI-DL/LB (Deep lesion/low bleeding)- SS<10% and 1 or more sites PD&#x2265;4 mm (n=47); BGI-DP/MB (Deep lesion/moderate bleeding)- 10%-49% BOP and 1 or more sites PD&#x2265;4 mm (n=131); BGI-DL/SB (Deep lesion/severe bleeding)- BOP 50% and 1 ore more sites PD&#x2265;4 mm (n=72). Soft tissue excisional biopsies were removed from 25 patients of all groups for analysis in optical microscopy by two expertise blinded examiners. The results showed more prevalence of BGI-DP/MB (41.85%) and lesser prevalence of BGI-H (7.65%). Mean age was 42.93±14.48 years, without significant differences among groups (p=0.42; Kruskal-Wallis), and prevalence of women (63.8%). Evaluation by Chi-squared test showed that BGI-DL/LB, BGI-DL/MB and BGI-DL/SB presented more smokers than BGI-H and BGI-G (p=0.015), without significant differences in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (p>0.05). The risk of patients with BOP> 10% present CVD was significantly higher (p= 0.04, Fischers exact test). Mean PD and CAL were deeper in BGI-DL/SB (2.95±1.55; 1.94±2.24, respectively) and shallower in BGI-G (1.71±0.65; 0.51±0.99, respectively), with significant differences among groups (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). BOP and IPl were higher at BGI-DL/SB and BGI-G, followed by BGI-DL/MB, BGI-DL/LB and BGI-H (p<0.001; Kruskal-Wallis). Clinical diagnosis was compatible with microscopic diagnosis in 10 out of 25 samples (40%), noticing correlation between clinical and microscopic finding in 100% of BGI-G samples (n=4), 83.3% of BGI-DL/SB samples (n=6), 50% of BGI-H samples (n=2), 16,67% of BGI-DL/MB (n=6) and 0% of BGI-DL/LB (n=7). These findings suggest that clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases is heterogeneous, not corresponding to the inflammatory response observed at gingival connective tissue.

Die Hemmwirkung des regelmäßigen Konsums probiotischer Lactobacillus reuteri-Stämme auf die Ausprägung oraler Entzündungen ist mittlerweile durch eine ganze Reihe klinischer Interventionsstudien gut belegt. Die allgemeinen Lebensumstände der untersuchten Probanden waren dabei jedoch in der Regel wenig standardisiert, so dass eine mögliche Beeinträchtigung der Validität der Studiendaten durch nicht kontrollierte externe Faktoren wie etwa Lebensstil oder Ernährung bislang nicht ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Daher war es das Ziel dieser prospektiven, randomisierten, doppelt verblindeten und placebokontrollierten Interventionsstudie über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von sechs Wochen die Auswirkungen des täglichen Konsums probiotischer, L. reuteri-haltiger Lutschtabletten auf Parameter der oralen Gesundheit von 72 Besatzungsmitgliedern einer Fregatte der Deutschen Marine zu evaluieren, die während einer Einsatzvorbereitung in See unter weitgehend vergleichbaren Lebens- und Ernährungsbedingungen ihren Dienst versahen. Zu Studienbeginn, sowie nach zwei und sechs Wochen wurden an den Ramfjordzähnen (Zähne 16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) der Probanden die Anzahl der auf Sondierung blutenden Zahnfleischtaschen (BoP) als primärem Studien-endpunkt erfasst. Darüber hinaus wurden als sekundäre Endpunkte die Taschensondierungstiefe (PPD), das klinische Attachmentniveau (CAL), der Gingival-Index (GI) und der Plaque Control Record (PCR) aufgezeichnet. Mit Hilfe einer doppelt verblindeten Zuteilungsstrategie wurden die Probanden zufällig der L. reuteri-Gruppe (n=36) oder der Placebogruppe (n=36) zuge-ordnet. Sie erhielten nachfolgend einen für die Studiendauer ausreichenden Vorrat an L. reuteri- oder Placebo-Lutschtabletten mit der Anweisung, diese in den nächsten sechs Wochen zweimal täglich zu konsumieren. 30 Probanden der L. reuteri-Gruppe sowie 32 Probanden der Placebogruppe beendeten die Studie mit vollständig erfassten Datensätzen. Ihre Analyse enthüllte für die L. reuteri-Gruppe einen signifikanten (p<0,001) Rückgang der beobachteten BoP-Mittelwerte von initial 41% (±22 SD) aller erfassten Messstellen auf 10 % (±13 SD) nach sechs Wochen. In der Placebogruppe hingegen kam es während des Beobachtungszeitraums zu einer signifikanten (p=0.05) Zunahme der BoP-Mittelwerte gegenüber der Ausgangssituation von initial 37 % (±20 SD) auf 43 % (±17 SD) am Studienende. Auch bezüglich aller sekundären Endpunkte (PPD, CAL, GI, PCR) konnte in der L. reuteri-Gruppe eine signifikante Verbesserung der oralen Gesundheit zwischen Studienbeginn und Studienende beobachtet werden, während sich wiederum in der Placebo-Gruppe im Beobachtungszeitraum eine statistisch verifizierbare Verschlech¬terung aller erfassten sekundären Endpunkte ergab. Die Ergebnisse dieser unter weitgehend kontrollierten Lebens- und Ernährungsbedingungen durchgeführten Untersuchung belegen, dass der regelmäßigem Konsum probiotischer, L. reuteri-haltiger Lutschtabletten unter den Einsatzbedingungen in See nicht nur eine in der Placebogruppe beobachtete Verschlechterung der oralen Gesundheit verhinderte, sondern diese vielmehr im Vergleich zum Ausgangsbefund signifikant verbesserte. Der adjunktive Konsum L. reuteri-haltiger Lutschtabletten könnte daher eine kostengünstige und einfach zu implementierende Maßnahme darstellen, um einer unter militärischen Einsatzbedingungen häufiger zu beobachtenden Verschlechterung der oralen Gesundheit wirksam vorzubeugen. / The inhibitory effect of the regular consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri strains on the occurrence of oral inflammations has been established by numerous clinical intervention trials. In general however social ,dietary and environmental conditions of the study subjects were not well controlled, so that so far, it could not be precluded, that the validity of the recorded data may have been possibly impaired by external interference factors like lifestyle and nutrition. Therefore it was the aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled intervention trial to evaluate the impact of the daily consumption of probiotic L. reuteri-containing lozenges on parameters of oral health in 72 crew members of a frigate of the German Navy over an observation period of 6 weeks during a practicing mission at sea under broadly comparable living and dietary conditions. At baseline, as well as after two and six weeks the number of periodontal pockets showing bleeding on probing (BoP) on the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) were recorded as the primary study outcome. Additionally pocket probing depth (PPD), periodontal attachment level (PAL), Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Control Record (PCR) were recorded as secondary study outcomes. Using a computer generated random list study subjects were randomly assigned to either the L. reuteri (n=36) or the placebo group (n=36), provided with a supply of experimental L. reuteri- or placebo lozenges and instructed to consume them twice daily for the next 6 weeks. 30 subjects of the L. reuteri and 32 subjects of the placebo group finished the study with complete data sets. For the L. reuteri group statistical analysis revealed a significant (p<0.001) reduction of the observed percentage of BoP positive sites from 41% (±22 SD) at baseline to 10% (±13) at 6 weeks. In the placebo group by contrast a significant increase (p<0.05) of the percentage of BoP positive sites from 37% (±20 SD) at baseline to 43% (±17%) at 6 weeks was recorded. Also regarding the secondary study outcomes (PPD, CAL, GI, PCR) a significant improvement of all assessed parameters was observed in subjects of the L. reuteri group, while in the placebo group a significant deterioration was recorded. The results of this intervention trial performed under broadly controlled comparable living and dietary conditions revealed, that the regular consumption of probiotic L-reuteri-containing lozenges during a practicing mission at sea not only prevented a deterioration of oral health as documented for the placebo group but even improved the status of oral health when compared to baseline values. The adjunctive consumption of L.reuteri-containing lozenges may therefore present a cost-efficient and easy implementable measure for the prevention of oral health deterioration under military operational conditions.

A gengivite é um agravo frequente entre crianças e adolescentes e pode afetar a qualidade de vida destes.O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar o impacto da gengivite na qualidade de vida relacionada á saúde bucal de escolares de 12 anos do Distrito Metropolitano da cidade de Quito- Ecuador. Foram avaliados 998 escolares através do índice CPI para a presença de sangramento gengival (SG) e cálculo (C). A qualidade de vida relacionada á saúde bucal foi verificada pelo questionário CPQ11-14. Um questionário estruturado para registro de dados demográficos e condições econômicas foi entregue aos pais dos escolares. Dos 998 escolares, 93% (IC 95% 91,4% a 94,6%) apresentaram sangramento gengival e 73% (IC 95%70,%7 a 76,2%) tinham cálculo dentário. A análise univariada mostrou que escolares que tinham mais de um sextante com sangramento gengival tinham média de CPQ11-14 18% maior (RT = 1,18; 95% IC= 1,11 a 1,27) que aquelesque tinham nenhum ou apenas um sextante afetado. Por sua vez, escolares do sexo masculino apresentaram média de CPQ 15% mais baixa (RT= 0,85; 95% IC= 0,76 a 0,96). A escolaridade do pai também apresentou associação significativa com qualidade de vida, pois crianças cujos pais tinham educação secundária incompleta ou superior tiveram média de CPQ 15% menor (RT= 0,85; 95% IC= 0,77 a 0,94).A presença de sangramento em mais de um sextante foisignificativamenteassociada com qualidade de vida, nos domínios bem-estar emocional (RT=1,40; 95%IC=1,03 a 1,90) e bem-estar social (RT=1,76; 95%IC=1,32 a 2,34). Podemos concluir que a presença de sangramento gengival teve impacto negativo na qualidade da vida dos escolares de 12 anos,principalmente nos domíniosbem-estar emocional e social. / Gingivitis are common among children and adolescents and may affect their quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of gingivitis on oral health-related quality of life among 12-yearold schoolchildren from the Metropolitan District of the city of Quito, Ecuador. We evaluated 998 schoolchildren using the CPI index for periodontal conditions: gingival bleeding (GB) and calculus (C). Quality of life was assessed with the CPQ11-14 questionnaire. A structured questionnaire was applied to record demographic data and socioeconomic conditions. Of the 998 schoolchildren, 93% (95% CI 91.4% to 94.6%) had gingival bleeding and 73% (95% CI, 70% to 76.2%) had dental calculus. The univariate analysis showed that schoolchildren who had more than one sextant with gingival bleeding had a 1.18 times higher mean CPQ11-14 (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.27) than those who had none or just one affected sextant. On the other hand, male schoolchildren presented a mean CPQ of 15% lower (RT = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.96). Father\'s schooling also showed a significant association with quality of life, since children whose parents had incomplete secondary education or higher had a mean CPQ 15% lower (RT = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.94). The presence of bleeding in more than one sextant was significantly associated with worse quality of life for the emotional well-being domain (RT = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.90) and social well-being domain (RT = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.34). In conclusion, gingival bleeding had a negative impacton oral health-related quality of life of 12-years old schoolchildren, mainly in the emotional and social well-being domain.

In Sweden, children and adolescents with two foreign-born parents constitute 17% of all children in the Swedish population. AIMS: The aims of this thesiswere to collect knowledge of the prevalence of gingivitis, caries and caries associated variables, in the 3-, 5-, 10- and 15-year age groups with two foreign born parents compared with their counterparts with Swedish-born parents in a ten-year perspective (Study I). To investigate the prevalence of caries and caries-associated variables in 15-year-olds in relation to foreign backgrounds and to examine differences in the prevalence of caries in adolescents with foreign backgrounds according to their length of residence in Sweden (StudyII). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1993 and 2003, cross-sectional studies with random samples of individuals in the age groups of 3, 5, 10 and 15 years were performed in Jönköping, Sweden. The oral health status of all individuals was examined clinically and radiographically. The children or their parents also answered a questionnaire about their attitudes to, and knowledge of, teeth and oral health care habits. The final study sample comprised 739 children and adolescents, 154 with two foreign-born parents (F cohort) and 585 with two Swedish-born parents (S cohort) (Study I). In Study II, all 15-year-olds(n=143) at one school in the city of Jönköping were asked to participate in the study. The final sample comprised 117 individuals, 51 with foreign-born parents and 66 with Swedish-born parents. All the individuals were interviewed using a structured questionnaire with visualisation e.g. food packages, sweets and snacks. Information about DFS was collected from case records at the Public Dental Service. RESULTS: In both 1993 and 2003, more 3- and 5-yearolds in the S cohort were caries free compared with the F cohort. In 1993, dfs was higher among 3- and 5-year-olds in the F cohort (p&lt;0.01) compared with the S cohort. In 2003, dfs/DFS was statistically significantly higher in all age groups among children and adolescents in the F cohort compared with the S cohort. In 2003, the odds ratio of being exposed to dental caries among 10- and 15-year-olds in the F cohort, adjusted for gender and age, was more than six times higher (OR=6.3, 95% CI:2.51-15.61; p&lt;0.001) compared with the S cohort (Study I). Fifteen-year-olds born in Sweden with foreign-born parents, or who had arrived before one year of age, had a caries prevalence similar to that of adolescents with Swedish-born parents, whereas children who had immigrated to Sweden after seven years of age had a caries prevalence that was two to three times higher (p &lt;0.06) (Study II). Both in 1993 and 2003, the mean of the percentage of tooth sites with plaque and gingivitis was numerically higher in all age groups in individuals with foreign backgrounds compared with Swedish background, except between the 15-year-olds (Study I). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in caries prevalence, in a ten-year perspective, was less among children and adolescents with foreign-born parents compared with children and adolescents with Swedish-born parents. In 2003, there was statistically significantly more caries in all age groups among children and adolescents with foreign-born parents compared with children and adolescents with Swedish-born parents. Children who immigrated to Sweden at age seven or later had a two to three times higher caries prevalence compared with their Swedish counterparts. The odds ratio for being exposed to dental caries was almost six times higher for 10- and 15-year olds with foreign-born parents compared with their Swedish counterparts. The intake of carbohydrate-rich food was higher among 15-year olds with foreign backgrounds compared to those with Swedish background. There is an obvious need to improve the promotion of oral health care programmes among children and adolescents with foreign-born parents.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1986.