The purpose of this study was to compile a table of the reported magnesium contents of 100 gram portions of commonly used foods and to calculate the magnesium content in the certain experimental diets given to 12 preadolescent girls during 53 days in the summer of 1958, The subjects were six and one-half to nine years of age. Each subject was of normal math and weight for their height and age. The diets were adequate in all nutrients as recommended by the National Research Council (34) except for the nitrogen intake which averaged 3.46 grams daily for five six-day periods, and 2.83 grams for the following three six-day periods. / Master of Science

Prestationsångest är ett vanligt ämne inom idrott. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur unga kvinnor inom lagidrott upplever prestationsångest. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 10 unga kvinnor mellan 18–25 år som spelade i samma handbollslag. Intervjuerna transkriberades och tematiserades där 6 teman identifierades: individernas upplevelse av prestationsångest, lagom prestationsångest ger bra prestation, lagkamraterna minskar prestationsångest, tränarna ökar prestationsångesten, prestationsångest ökar vid match, hög prestationsångest ger sämre spel. Studiens resultat visade att prestationsångest hos spelarna upplevdes på olika sätt både psykiskt och fysiskt, där mängden prestationsångest påverkade. Prestationsångesten påverkades olika av lagkamraterna och tränarna vilket främst upplevdes vid match. Utifrån tidigare forskning diskuterades hur mängden prestationsångest bidrog till idrottarens prestation där den omvända U-kurvan beskriver förhållandet mellan anspänning och prestation. Hur spelarna uppfattade lagkamraterna som minskande faktor till prestationsångest är något som diskuteras. Studien kan ge mer kunskap och en djupare förståelse för hur unga kvinnor upplever prestationsångest inom lagidrott.

The majority of research dealing with the eating disorder of bulimia has focused on characteristics of college-aged women, with those findings forming a basis for treatment planning with younger, adolescent women. While research in recent years has begun to examine those characteristics specifically related to bulimia in adolescence, there has been a relative lack of consideration of the effect of the developmental stage of the individual on these psychological characteristics. Such differential characteristics, if found to be present, would have implications for both the prevention and treatment of bulimia in younger populations. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the concerns of high school and college females at high risk for bulimia at different developmental levels as well as to identify the psychological characteristics of high risk subjects across the age groups. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires assessing their self-perceptions on a variety of intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions. Individuals aged 12-14 who were also at high risk for bulimia reported greater levels of depression and more feelings of inefficacy than did older, high risk individuals. Across all ages, women at high risk for bulimia were more dissatisfied with their body shape, were more depressed, experienced more difficulty with peer and family relationships, and felt more alienated from others than did individuals at low risk for bulimia. These results were discussed within a developmental framework, and it was suggested that individuals who cannot come to terms with the multiple changes of adolescence are at increased risk for engaging in bulimic behavior. / Ph. D.

Yes / Women and the adolescents girls in low-middle income countries continue to be the most vulnerable individuals in times of disasters such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with emphasis on their Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH); yet hardly many studies choose to identify gaps that could improve and bring about well-informed interventions during crisis that do not affect other essential services. Hence, this study aimed to identify the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic mitigation measures on access and utilization of sexual reproductive health services and its related SRH outcomes among women and female adolescents in Kenya. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to collate findings on the given study using 8 databases. Total of 1352 presumably pertinent publication were retrieved of which 20 studies met the study’s inclusion criteria which included studies with quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods study designs in full text and in English without duplicates. Using a data extraction table, thematic analysis was carried out to yield the study findings. Results: Two themes were identified including; service access related outcomes with the sub-themes of maternal health services and HIV/AIDS services and pandemic specific stressors with the sub-themes of Covid-19 mitigation stressors and socio-economic stressors. The findings implied that, women of reproductive age SRH access and utilization was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic’s mitigation responses with adverse SRH health outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, the Covid-19 pandemic adversely affected sexual reproductive health services among women and female adolescents in Kenya. The given main findings indicated and recognized the existence of improper set policies and mitigative measures during crisis management, affecting essential services such as SRH.

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Magister Technologiae: Food and Nutrition, Durban University of Technology, 2012. / There is lack of data on the dietary intake and patterns of Lindelani adolescents, which necessitates comprehensive nutritional assessment. Objectives: The objectives were to investigate the dietary intake and nutritional analysis of lunchbox contents of high school girls (13 -18 years of age) in Lindelani and evaluate its contribution to their dietary intake. Methodology: The study was of a descriptive nature with an analytical component, a convenience sample of 61 learners who brought lunchboxes from home and completed a socio- demographic questionnaire, QFFQ and two 24- hour recall questionnaire used for evaluation of their dietary intake. Anthropometric measurements, including body composition, were performed. Anthropometric data were captured on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and displayed on WHO growth charts to determine stunting, wasting, underweight and over-weight. . Lunchboxes were required and collected without informing participants to avoid bias, each lunch box was weighed and the content recorded and analysed using Food Finder 3 computer software program. It was analysed by selecting the mean intake of the group and comparing it to the Daily Recommended Intake (DRIs) for this group of individuals. Results: The results indicated that the food group most commonly consumed was carbohydrates. The lunchbox mean energy content was 90.14 kJ (>100% of DRIs) which is a big portion for a lunchbox since there are other meals of the day to be eaten too. The mean intake of fruit portion consumed was 135g which was only consumed by 1% in the top 20 food items compared to 141.82g consumed by 18% in 24- hour recall. Bread, margarine and polony were commonly consumed in QFFQ, Lunchboxes and 24- hour recall. Fat consumption for lunchboxes was 34.04% higher than the WHO nutrient intake goal which put these teenagers at risk of overweight. Fruit and vegetable intake was 106.95g (QFFQ), 107.27g (24-hour recall) and 109.49g (mean lunchbox content). This indicates poor intake of fruit and vegetables, being far lower than WHO recommendation of 400g per day. Dietary fibre was also found below 25g. Conclusion: Although the group seemed to consume all the nutrients but it is a small sample of the population. The study indicated that the majority of the respondents consume mostly IVcarbohydrate diets and the lunchboxes did not meet the basic requirements of a balanced diet. The lunchboxes contributed on average one third of the girl’s daily food intake.

This thesis looks at how a contemporary notion of successful girlhood is negotiated in the social text of Seventeen magazine. Moreover, it demonstrates the ways in which Seventeen’s representations of successful and ideal girls reflect and mediate timely values of postfeminism and neoliberalism. This thesis will also make visible how race, class, ability, and sexuality are negotiated within Seventeen’s “success” framework, in order to illuminate intersectional issues implicit in conceptualizing ideal girlhood. The method for this research is a semiotic discourse analysis, looking at the visual and linguistic signs within the text in order to connect them with broader ideologies and themes surrounding contemporary ideal girlhood. Drawing on girls’ studies and feminist cultural studies literature, the discourse of ideal girlhood is situated in a so-called “postfeminist” moment, in which girls, as popular, highly visible subjects in contemporary society, are perceived to be poised for achievement and social ascension, all while being closely surveilled. These expectations of postfeminism intersect with current neoliberal principles of individualized success; analysis is therefore connected with and contextualized by discussion of late modern principles of neoliberalism and its economic, social, and political logic.

This investigation identifies deterrents to the educational, social, and cultural success of Latina adolescent females. Across the nation, and especially in states such as Texas and California, the Hispanic population is fast becoming the largest minority in society. Because the adolescent Hispanic population within the United States today will comprise much of America's future economic and social base, identifying and addressing educational, cultural, and social deterrents to their success becomes important not only for personal well-being, but for the well-being of future society as a whole. A second purpose was that of determining the efficacy of group-centered psychoeducational therapy in improving self-esteem and decreasing anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescent female Hispanic high school students. The experimental groups consisted of one group of seven female Hispanic adolescents who received computer and internet training and psychoeducational group counseling twice a week for five weeks. and a second group of five female Hispanic adolescents who received computer and internet training and psychoeducational group counseling twice a week for five weeks. The control group consisted of fourteen female Hispanic students who received no treatments. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure pre and post test levels of depression, the Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to measure pre and post test levels of anxiety, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire and the Index of Self-Esteem were used to measure pre and post levels of self-esteem.

Thesis (M.M. (Public and Development Management))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits School of Governance, 2017 / Developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have revolutionised banking, in that consumers can make use of mobile devices to conduct daily banking, independent of a traditional bank branch. The adoption of mobile banking has continued to be low in South Africa, at 24%, while the mobile phone market has experienced a significant increase in market penetration to 96%. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of financial literacy, social pressure and perceived credibility on the adoption of mobile banking among the bottom of the pyramid consumers in South Africa. An empirical study on bottom of the pyramid consumers in Johannesburg, South Africa with a sample of 235 questionnaires was conducted. The measurement items were assessed through three hypotheses using Structural Equation Modelling with IBM SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. The results confirm that all three hypotheses are significant and supported by indicating that financial literacy, social pressure and perceived credibility have an impact on mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. The findings revealed that social pressure and mobile banking was the weakest significant relationship, while perceived credibility had the strongest significant relationship on mobile banking. This study adds to the theoretical knowledge of financial literacy, social pressure and credibility as the factors that impact on mobile banking among bottom of the pyramid consumers. The managerial implications of the study indicate that in order for managers to increase mobile banking adoption, they need to create strategies that will drive education around mobile banking, use other people as advocates and place emphasis on communicating the safety and privacy of the services. Recommendations, limitations and future research on mobile banking are discussed. Keywords: Mobile Banking, Financial Literacy, Perceived Credibility, Social Pressure, Bottom of the Pyramid / GR2018

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This study examines the relationship between social class and adolescents conceptions of work. Four major areas of the adolescent's work experience are examined: (1) tasks and training, (2) relations with co-workers and managers, (3) organizational structure and change, and (4) family life and work. Forty female adolescent, nonmanagerial employees who worked part time at McDonald's franchise stores were interviewed.