The purpose of this study was to endeavor to find through experimentation satisfactory glazes for metals which would be available to the amateur craftsman. Attention was given to reasons for the experimental research, to the metals best suited for glazing, and to the development of satisfactory inexpensive glazes.

Most European stained glass windows have no protection to reduce the damage due to environmental exposure, and this is the case of the great gothic windows in the Uppsala Cathedral. Currently, the implementation of protective glazing systems is being carried out in order to reduce the damage of the stained glass. In this connection, an analysis of the energy saving potential of the protective system is of great interest. The main obstacle in the implementation of this kind of systems is a social rejection based on the fact that the additional panes perturb the appearance of the historic building. Thus, demonstrating that there would actually be an energy saving, with the corresponding economic saving, would help approving the implementation of the protective glazing system. Measurement data needed for the analysis were available since they were used in condensation studies for the damaging analysis. However, the fact that this data was not gathered thinking of the energy saving analysis and its difficulties, some limitations have appeared in the present study. Accordingly, the needed simplifications imply some uncertainty in the results. However, the reliability of the results and the conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis are contrasted with previous similar studies. Different methods of calculation and analysis will be discussed, and finally results for the heat transfer coefficients through the open air gap and through the whole double paned system will be obtained. Furthermore, an energy saving analysis will be carried out with the winter data for both the case of the case of the Sonens fönster and the case of also implementing a similar system in the rosette of the cathedral. As a result, the conclusions drawn will be that the implemented protective glazing system reduces the heat losses through the windows to less than a third and that savings of about 8700 kWh/year and 13000 kWh/year are achieved in the case of the system being implemented only in Sonenes fönster and also in the rosette respectively. Finally, a rough study of the condensation problem will be exposed and possible matters, along with some advices, of further studies regarding more accurate analysis of both the condensation and the energy saving analysis will be presented. / Church project

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1963.

Dance is the art of moving the body, typically to music, using steps and gestures. It is a social sport that brings people together. Above all, dance is entertaining! Most cultural schools in Stockholm are art or music specific. I believe dance needs more priority in today’s culture, for this reason I decided to design a dance school. I did various program studies in order to create a good flow of people throughout the building. I wanted students, parents and staff to mix. In the entrance there are stairs that are to be used as seating. Here one can socialise before and after class. The area in front of the stairs is not only an entrance hall but can also be used as a stage or studio. I want the entrance to be the heart of the building, filled with activity. Älvsjö Dance School is situated between Älvsjö Station and Stockholmsmässan. I want by-passers to feel the energy of the school and therefore decided to create a glass façade facing the station. In doing so, train passengers can see students dancing and in a sense be a part of the dance. / Dans är en uttrycksform som skapar en helhet genom att koordinera rörelser och individer. Dans är underhållande. Dans är en konst och ett sällskapsnöje. Dans är ett utmärkt sätt att motionera då det ger kroppskännedom, styrka och rörlighet.  I början av projektet undersökte jag olika kulturskolor och det visade sig att det finns fler skolor som inriktar sig på konst och musik än dans. Jag tror att dans behöver mer fokus i dagens kultur. Jag vill skapa en lekfull byggnad med rörelse i fokus. Jag undersökte hur det föreskrivna programmet kunde grupperas i byggnaden. Jag ville blanda olika funktioner på olika våningsplan för att skapa ett bra flöde genom byggnaden. Jag ville fördela studios mellan våningsplanen för att underlätta interaktion mellan människor i byggnaden.  I entrén finns det stora trappor som ändvänds som sittplatser. Tanken är att det skapar en plats att umgås för föräldrar som väntar på sina barn och elever innan eller efter lektionerna. Platsen framför trappan är inte bara en entréhall utan kan ändvändas som studio eller scen. Här kan man repetera, stretcha och uppträda.  Dansskolan ska öppna upp sig till platsen. Därför har jag placerat byggnaden parallellt med järnvägen så att pendeltågs passagerare kan ser elever dansa medan de väntar på tåget. Fasaden mot spåren är gjort av färgglad structural glazing. Jag valde en färgskala som skapa en fin kontrast till färgerna på Älvsjö station. Fasaden är gjord så att den kan lysa upp när en uppvisning är på gång för att attrahera folk som gå förbi. När solen skiner kommer färgglada fasaden lysa in i studios och skapa en vacker dansmiljö.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1993. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf [30]).

This thesis presents laboratory and field studies into the effects of solar radiation on the thermal comfort of vehicle occupants. Whilst, thermal comfort has been widely studied in built environments, there have been relatively few studies into thermal comfort in vehicles. Those studies that have been conducted have noted that the effect of solar radiation is considerable in these confined microclimates. The aim of this thesis was to provide baseline data for the effects of solar radiation on thermal sensation and determine how this information can be integrated to provide a method for the assessment of vehicle thermal comfort. This was achieved using a specially constructed whole body solar chamber in a series of four laboratory studies looking at different aspects of solar radiation on human thermal comfort and an extensive field trial conducted in Seville, Spain. The laboratory studies were as follows:- 1, The effect of the intensity of direct simulated solar radiation on human thermal responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different intensity solar radiation conditions. Physiological and psychological measurements were taken. It was established that a mean response to 200 Wm"2 of direct simulated solar radiation will give a thermal sensation shift of one positive scale point. 2, The effect of the spectral content of simulated solar radiation on human thermal responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different spectral radiation conditions, with the same total radiation intensity, 400 wm·2 • There was found to be no significant difference in the thermal sensation responses due to spectra. 3, The effects of glazing type on human thermal comfort responses. Eight male subjects were exposed to 4 different automotive glazings, with a fixed external solar radiation level of 1000 wm·2 • The spectral qualities of glazing can significantly effect human thermal comfort. The lower the transmission of visible radiation through the glazing, the lower the thermal sensation felt by subject in a neutral environment. 4, The effect of direct short wavelength and long wavelength radiation on human thermal comfort. Nine male subjects were exposed to short wavelength, long wavelength and combined short and long wavelength radiation. For the conditions investigated it was established that the addition of reradiation from internal components has an effect on thermal sensation when combined with direct solar radiation. However, it is not considered that it will be a major factor in a real world situation, as dashboards generally do not maintain high surface temperatures in vehicles without high air temperatures. Using the data collected in the laboratory studies a predictive model, PMV sotu, was developed which integrated directed solar radiation into an existing thermal comfort model (PMV) in the form of a factor, Rsolar· Rsolar is a correction factor for the addition of short wavelength radiation which converts actual measured solar radiation to a thermal sensation scale adjustment The PMV solar model was validated with other models in field trials conducted in Seville, Spain. Four male subjects, undertook a series of 32, one hour long experiments over 8 days, whilst travelling on a Spanish highway. Environmental, physiological and psychological measurements were taken throughout the experiments to provide data for validation of THE PMV solar model. The assessment of human thermal comfort in vehicles is complex. Variation in environmental parameters in terms of both spatial and temporal changes, make accurate prediction of thermal comfort difficult. However, the PMV solar model provides an improved level of prediction of the state of thermal comfort of the vehicle occupants, in environments which have a high solar radiation level over existing thermal indices.

No description available.

No description available.

Much of the art of daylighting lies in the judicious placement of windows in relation to the interior, in order to achieve the desired levels of illumination and view. Studies have shown that the glazing size, location and type all impact the internal energy loads. Schools are incorporating technology in classrooms to transform learning. The expanded presence of technology in the classroom has also affected how classrooms are designed. This study tries to determine a glazing ratio for classroom spaces of the future in regards to energy consumption as a combined function of climatic conditions, orientation, glazing types and window location. A 35'x32' base classroom is simulated using the E-Quest software. Energy consumption for the base case is compared to models with variable orientation (north and south), type of glazing (double pane, low e and special glazing), glazing percentage of the total wall area (base taken with reference to the required daylight factor) and classroom with and without clerestory windows. / Master of Science

This thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films for photocatalytic applications and use in semi-transparent dye-sensitised solar cells for energy efficient glazing. Several synthetic methods for the production of TiO2 thin films are explored including sol-gel, aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and hybrid combinatorial CVD. For sol-gel processing two different precursors were studied; titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) and titanium bis-ammonium lactato dihydroxide (TiBALD). Non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20, 40, 60 and Brij 58 and 98) were successfully incorporated into all three methods for the production of TiO2 thin films modified morphology, microstructure and enhanced functional properties in some cases. All films are fully characterised using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, as well as assessment for photocatalytic performance with resazurin 'intelligent' ink. Photocatalytic performance has been used as an indicator for performance in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). The best photocatalytic performances with half-lives of up to 2 minutes were obtained for thin films produced with the addition of Brij surfactants. A selection of thin films were tested in semi-transparent DSSC devices with up to 70% transparency, to determine their overall potential for use as energy-efficient glazing. Three DSSC device configurations were tested, whereby the optimum configuration used N3 "black" dye with a dye loading time of 42 hours in combination with a high performance iodine electrolyte and a platinum counter electrode. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCE) obtained were within the region of 0.1 - 0.3 %, with the highest PCE of 0.3814 % obtained with a 3-layer TTIP sol-gel derived Brij 58 thin film (0.0006 mol dm3) which exhibited an short-circuit current of 0.857 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.71 V and a fill factor of 0.60.