Pokot female body art identifies a woman’s beauty, husband, and social rank among the Pokot community through color, pattern, and mass. In the last sixty years, as a result of Kenya’s entrance into the global economy, Pokot women have turned a “traditional” art form into a commodity, creating a product for Western tourists that, in turn, provides Pokot women with a means to earn income that is less readily under male control. Pokot women consciously create beadwork that alludes to the “Idea of Africa,” while also conforming to Western standards of “colonial chic.” The result is a body art that visualizes a harmonious interaction between “exotic” and “modern.” This thesis argues that with the successful integration of beadwork into the global market, Pokot women have strategically identified an alternative to their traditional, gender-related power constraints and challenged historical constructions of Pokot gender identity.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This paper will show that the trade in psychoactive substances has in fact been a major facilitator of the process now known as globalization. Not only has the drug trade fed off of globalization, globalization feeds off of and is driven by it. The perspective I will take here is a historical one. My thesis, that the drug trade has been an influential force on what is known as "globalization," is a reevaluation of the relationship between three historical processes: 1} The development over several centuries of a global system for the production, trade, and distribution of drugs 2} The "cold war" for economic and geopolitical hegemony between capitalist and communist power structures 3} The development and expansion of a global economic system, known in its current liberal phase as "globalization" / 2031-01-02

“Sustainable development cannot happen without innovation. The challenge before every organization is to develop innovation strategies that not only respond to changes in the environment and societal pressures but also consider the needs and expectations of various stakeholders. The increasing turbulence in the external business environment has focused attention on the resources and organizational capabilities as the principal source of competitive advantage,” (Dasgupta & Gupta 2009, p.204). The intention of this research project is to determine how a business unit of a subsidiary in the professional services industry in an emerging market economy changed strategy from being an implementer (Gupta&Govindarajan, 1991, p.774), of head office strategy to “developing innovation strategies” (Dasgupta&Gupta 2009, p.204); to adapt to a change in the external environment that was caused by a crisis in the global economy.This study will also investigate the impact of having to change strategy, on the capability and development of the business unit of the subsidiary.A project on holding company subsidiary relationships cannot be complete without investigating how a change in strategy of a business unit of the subsidiary affected the relationship between the holding company and the subsidiary.The study looks specifically at a period that was marked by economic turmoil that is the time of the global financial crisis during the years 2008, 2009 and the years after. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Background: AI innovation, an emerging concept, refers to innovation capabilities that incorporate AI technologies. In recent years, generative AI has garnered significant attention, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of its role in innovation. The importance of AI innovation is exemplified by its transformative impact on various industries and sectors. However, the ways in which AI influences factors related to Innovation Capability remain unclear. Additionally, ensuring ethical and socially responsible AI innovation is an underexplored area that demands further investigation. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to better understand the ways in which AI influences factors related to Innovation Capability. By exploring this relationship, this study aimss to identify strategies that organizations can employ to harness the potential of AI technologies in their innovation capabilities. Additionally, this research seeks to investigate and address the challenges of ensuring ethical and socially responsible AI innovation, providing insights and recommendations for stakeholders to develop and implement AI innovation that align with ethical principles and societal values. Method: This study features a case study involving three well-known high-tech companies in China: Baidu, ByteDance, and Alibaba. This study employed a qualitative method, designing interviews with both internal and external actors associated with these companies. Additionally, this study analyzed existing reports and news articles to gain a more comprehensive perspective on conclusions. The frameworks proposed in the Literature Review section guided research. This study jointly analyzed the data from interviews, reports, and news articles. Initially, this study utilized interview data to update and evaluate frameworks. Subsequently, the information from reports and news articles helped us examine the updated frameworks and potentially identify new themes within them. Conclusion: The framework highlights AI's primary features: error reduction, routine task automation, data-driven decision-making, new job opportunities, and interaction with existing technologies.

In the context of the DFG Collaborative Research Centre “Processes of Spatialisation under the Global Condition”, the project “Innovative technology enterprises at unusual locations in Central Asia and Africa” analyses processes of spatialisation, spatial practices and networks of internationally successful, innovative and locally rooted enterprises. Our research is about the emergence and development of these companies in the context of dominant imaginations of the so-called global knowledge economy (GKE) and the inherent spatial order of ‘core’ and ‘peripheral’ regions at global scale (cf. Roberts 2009). Empirically, the project focusses on the spatial agency of innovative companies as economic actors in countries beyond the Global North and in regions outside of the large agglomerations which are often referred to as ‘hot spots’ of the global economy.

International business has always been intimately linked to the politics of the global economy. Expansion and investment strategies of business play a key role in defining the architecture of the global economy. The shifting dynamic of the global economy such as the emergence of fast growing economies in, for example, India, China, South Africa and Brazil can be partly explained by the emergence of new market players such as the India transnational car manufacturer Tata, as well as the adaptation of established international businesses in the West to the new market opportunities in the South and the East. Equally, the recent (and in places ongoing) economic crises of the West owes as much to the failures of international business — notably the banking and investment industry — as it does to the failures of government policy.

The Chinese economy has experienced a sharp rise in recent decades, which is accompanied by strengthening China's position in the global economy. The theme of this thesis is the evaluation of China's economic development. Its effects are illustrated in the examples of involvement of the Chinese economy into the international economic system. The work aims at summarizing the development aspects and opportunities of China and highlights the strong influence of Chinese economic development on the relations in the global economy. In the first chapter there is a space devoted to the theoretical definition of the economic development and its place within the concept of development in the general sense. The position of developing countries in the world economy is summarized as well. Next part of the thesis deals with characteristics of the Chinese economic growth. Key aspect is opening of the Chinese market to the international trade and to foreign direct investments. Considerable space is also devoted to development issues in the social field, which are crucial for increasing the prosperity of the Chinese population. The final part of the thesis points out the economic implications of China's development on relations in the global economy. Emphasis is placed especially on the impact on developing regions. It also investigates the impact of China's membership and its increasing activity in the international organizations and within regional integrations.

O alvorecer de uma nova realidade econômica global revolucionou as determinantes da competitividade, compelindo empresas e governos a reverem as suas estratégias a partir de ambiente marcado pela dinâmica de uma competição internacionalmente constituída. Por conseguinte, observa-se na virada do século XX para o XXI a formulação de uma nova agenda de desenvolvimento, em que empresas e governos reformulam as suas interações em nova pauta de cooperação, tendo como fenômeno relevante e mediador a internacionalização. Diante desta nova realidade, a pesquisa realizada nesta tese foi voltada a inferir sobre o papel das políticas governamentais específicas e direcionadas à internacionalização no processo de envolvimento internacional de empresas nacionais. Para consecução de seus fins, foram desenvolvidos dois referenciais teóricos, um para interpretação da internacionalização das empresas, que foi tomada como um comportamento empresarial de natureza estratégica, e outro para as políticas governamentais específicas para apoio e suporte deste fenômeno, que foi tipificada em torno de seis dimensões. Como objeto de análise, foi considerado o setor brasileiro de bens de capital mecânicos e os instrumentos de política governamental ora disponibilizados no país para apoiar e dar suporte à internacionalização de empresas. Como estratégia de investigação, optou-se por uma abordagem quantitativa, conduzida por meio da construção de um survey específico para pesquisa, aplicado a 104 empresas do setor, com seus dados analisados pelas técnicas de regressão logística, regressão linear e test-t. Os resultados descortinaram questões pertinentes nas relações entre empresas e governo no Brasil, sugerindo que a política governamental brasileira de apoio e suporte à internacionalização, se ainda não determinante, é em certa medida relevante às empresas estudadas, principalmente quando da análise da diversificação geográfica de mercados na exportação. Como principal conclusão, defendeu-se que os governos devem ser analisados como potenciais recursos que, capazes de serem internalizados pelas empresas, podem promover vantagens indutoras e facilitadoras da internacionalização e tomados como fatores de vantagens associados à origem. / The rising of a new global economic reality revolutionized the determinants of competitiveness, compelling enterprises and governments to review its strategies as from the environment well marked by the dynamic of a competition internationally built. Therefore, at the turn of the twentieth century it is noted the formulation of a new development agenda, where enterprises and governments reformulate its interactions at a new cooperation guideline, having as a relevant and mediator phenomenon the internationalization. Before this new reality, the research realized in this thesis was conducted in order to infer about the role of specific governmental policies towards to internationalization at the international involving process of national enterprises. To achieve its purposes two theoretical frameworks were developed one of them for the interpretation of enterprises internationalization, and the other for the specific governmental policies in order to support this phenomenon, which was typified around six dimensions. As an object of analysis, it was considered the Brazilian market for mechanical capital goods and instruments of government policy currently available in the country to support the internationalization of enterprises. As an investigation strategy, a quantitative approach was chosen, driven by the construction of a specific survey for research, applied to 104 enterprises in the sector with its data analyzed by logistic regression techniques, linear regression and test-t. The results revealed relevant issues in relations between enterprises and Brazilian government, suggesting that Brazilian government policy of support to internationalization, if not determinant, is relevant, in some extent, to the studied enterprises, especially when analyzing the geographical diversification of exporting markets. As a main conclusion, it was argued that governments should be analyzed as potential resources which, capable of being internalized by enterprises, can promote internationalization inducing and facilitator ownership\'s advantages and taken as location\'s advantages factors associated with the origin.

Thesis (MBA) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / Knowledge management is an important component of any organization. It includes knowledge creation, knowledge sifting and knowledge sharing. Thus every organization has a way of creating, disseminating and preserving its own knowledge. Organizations that thrive in the 21st century are those that have realized the significance of managing knowledge and have systems in place to encourage creativity. Most organizations often overlook the aspect of putting time aside for employees to share knowledge and expertise from their different fields. Knowledge, if well managed, has a direct bearing on the growth and development of an organization. Gone are the days when organizations succeeded only on the basis of working hard; the emphasis now is on working smart. Technology has made life easy and simple and more innovative. It has, on the other hand, together with globalization made the world to be smaller. For instance, sales can take place at any place at anytime in the world. Distances, as well as meridian differences, are no longer a barrier in terms of growing a company. Hence, there are virtual companies. Companies should take it upon themselves to appoint people who are capable of uplifting their knowledge base and enhancing their organization’s intellectual property; they should appoint people who are in a position to learn fast and who can as well adjust to internal as well as to external forces of change. Thus, training and development should form part and parcel of a company that is prepared to move ahead of its competitors. Through the right channels of addressing constant changes that are taking place in the market, the company should have a special way of doing business and of possessing special knowledge that will put it ahead of its competitors. Special knowledge and expertise has a capability of generating more revenues for the company. Revenues are no longer only determined by the production factors but also by the competitive knowledge that the company possess. Therefore, this implies that for the company to do well, knowledge has to be well managed as it is used to compete in a global economy. The global economy is affected by a number of dynamics which have to be addressed by smart companies in order for them to stay in business. Knowledge at that level transforms fast, is transmitted at a high level and can quickly become obsolete. Thus companies have to keep abreast of what is taking place in the markets and also become the trendsetters in their area of operation. This is because competition in a v global market is stiff; companies face competitors from various conglomerates at local and international levels. Therefore this study focuses on how knowledge is being transformed and managed at Thuto Ke Lefa for competitive advantage and as well as for economic benefits. Thuto Ke Lefa Training Company is a national company that is based in Polokwane; it has other branches in Mpumalanga and Gauteng Province. The company specializes in providing service to the public through developing the skills of the workforce in the public as well as in the private sector. The company was founded in 2003 by Mr Mashakobo Johannes Moja and his wife Eunice Moja. Thuto Ke Lefa Training Company is a registered company which is accredited by the Education, Training and Development Practitioners Sector (ETDP SETA). A case study of Thuto Ke Lefa revealed that the company is well resourced in terms of technology even though some areas have to be beefed up. Various search engines are available for staff to access and create knowledge. However, knowledge is not well coordinated as there is no knowledge manager and there is no centralized place for dissemination and storage of knowledge. Employees do not have the resource person or office that overlooks the creation of knowledge. The fact that knowledge is not well coordinated at Thuto Ke Lefa makes the company to perform below its actual potential as some of the important knowledge can be under utilized. Therefore, this makes it difficult for the company to measure its capability and its capacity in terms of knowledge. With this being the case, knowledge is not fully used to the advantage of the company. It was therefore recommended through the research that Thuto Ke Lefa should have a knowledge management office or resource person who will coordinate and manage knowledge. This will enable the company to use its knowledge resources competitively. Literature review has also indicated that knowledge is less managed in the training sector as compared to the other sectors. It will therefore be imperative for the management of Thuto Ke Lefa to inculcate the culture of knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge storage through the correct devices. Incentives and rewards should be given to those individuals who work tirelessly to create knowledge. Time should also be set aside for the sharing of knowledge. Experts in different fields should be in the position to know what is going on in the other projects of the company so as to make meaningful contributions.

As global economic competition has intensified, many countries have begun focusing on the competitiveness of larger regions of city networks called megaregions. Consisting of two or more cities with specific linkages and connections, megaregions are becoming a new unit that researchers are using to analyze the global economy. The world’s 40 largest megaregions produce two thirds of the global economic output and more than eighty percent of the world’s innovations (Florida et al., 2007). Therefore, understanding the economic characteristics of megaregions can help isolate various challenges and opportunities associated with building on inter-relationships that enhance competitiveness. The Texas Triangle is one of 10 major megaregions in the U.S., and it functions as the primary economic engine of the Texas economy. This study analyzes how the economic characteristics of the major metropolitan areas in the Texas Triangle have changed over time by studying the basic dynamics of these metropolitan areas over the last decade. Results from this study show that each metropolitan area contains specialized export industries and that competition among them seems to be encouraging the economic growth of Texas. The basic industrial structure of the Texas Triangle has not been affected significantly by economic changes over the last decade. Finally, this report presents policy implications related to strengthening traditional economic bases and promoting sustainable economic development such as clean energy in the Texas Triangle. / text