This thesis presents a comparative study of the aesthetics of three theatre initiatives from development settings: theatre company Nós do Morro in Brazil, multi-disciplinary arts centre Phare Ponleu Selpak in Cambodia, and non-profit organisation Movimiento Teatro Popular Sin Fronteras in Nicaragua. By focussing on how different judgements within the landscape of aesthetic and social worth meet, conflict or interact within the programmes, processes and outcomes of the three theatre organisations, this research articulates the different kinds of ‘values’ attached to the (at times) competing aesthetic criteria for practitioners, government bodies and national and international non-governmental organisations that have stakes in this work. The majority of the data in this research is qualitative, generated by interviews, stories about theatre practitioners’ experiences and my own observations of performances, workshops and rehearsals. After exploring the landscape of aesthetic and social worth across the three case studies, this research points out the many ways in which international economics and global governance – manifest in tax-reduced sponsorships by global corporations, funding decisions of international interveners and cultural policies of national governments – participate and intrude into both the aesthetic and social constructions of applied theatre’s artistic value, therefore framing its aesthetic sphere. The global pressure coming from the United Nations and the international humanitarian community seeking to shape applied theatre companies and make them respond to certain dynamics serves neither art nor community. This also makes it very difficult to locate an aesthetic of applied theatre in a way that is ‘traditional’ in discussions of aesthetics (through definition of the art ‘product’ alone, via reference to ideas of beauty, affect and the senses). This study therefore found a way of understanding the impact of economic and international actors on applied theatre using Appadurai’s concept of the ethnoscape (1991), which offers a theoretical and analytical framework for investigating the determining factors of the aesthetics of applied theatre, and the aesthetic discourses surrounding applied theatre in development settings. I argue that applied theatre practices globally are becoming too uniform: global forms taken by transnational institutions are starting to evolve in new directions. We need to attentively investigate what the level of resistance of applied theatre companies can be. Although each art organisation is trying to find a place for applied theatre in the ‘new’ world, the theatre companies can hopefully resist the pressure to become the same kind of company, living in a state partially organised according to international agendas. As a result, this research proposes a more politicised, historicised kind of practice, teaching and mentoring around these questions. This will support applied theatre practitioners in finding their way in the new global world.

A radical change of the socio-cultural order has brought about globalisation processes. Their consequences in the economic sphere include, mainly, growing interdependence, increasing mobility of the production factors and rising efficiency of the global economy. This brings important causes in the political dimension, were the anarchy at the global level translates into erosion of the role of state sovereignty and creation of world economy inefficiencies. Qualitatively new system of global governance, governance at multiple levels and a regulative sub-system emerge, which the World Trade Organisation is a main example of. To reach an effective solution, it is essential to introduce a reform. The central methodological bases are systems theory and neo-liberal internationalism of this analysis.

The diploma thesis aims to analyze the political role of multinational business corporations in present globalized world. In this sense, the thesis focuses on the nature of the political role in terms of political theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory and on explanation of possible reasons why corporations accept certain functions in fulfilling the so-called policy gaps or providing public goods. Another question that the work raises is where the legitimacy of corporations operating in the sphere of public policy stems. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the activities of several multinational business corporations in the field of environment and the subsequent transformation of environmental policy at the global level.

The diploma thesis aims to analyze the political role of multinational business corporations in present globalized world. In this sense, the thesis focuses on the nature of the political role in terms of political theory and corporate social responsibility (CSR) theory and on explanation of possible reasons why corporations accept certain functions in fulfilling the so-called policy gaps or providing public goods. Another question that the work raises is where the legitimacy of corporations operating in the sphere of public policy stems. In the practical part, the thesis focuses on the activities of several multinational business corporations in the field of environment and the subsequent transformation of environmental policy at the global level.

Dresdner Symposium ‘Für eine globale Friedensordnung’ im 18. Jahrgang und im Resümee: ○ Vier Redebeiträge des 18. Symposiums 2013 zum 'Frieden als globales Problem'; ○ Resümee: Bilanz und Akteure zu den Dresdner Symposien 1 bis 18 (1996-2013) und deren Vorgänger (2015 in Hannover).:Frieden und andere Probleme in wechselseitiger Abhängigkeit. ○ (Rede-) Beiträge zum 18. Dresdner Symposium Für eine globale Friedensordnung (2013): • Volker Bialas: Friedensordnung ade? – Divergierende Interessen und integrative Tendenzen der Weltgemeinschaft. • Wolfgang Scheler: Frieden als globales Problem. •Endre Kiss: Konstruktivität und Dekonstruktivität in der Globalisierung. – Zum Hintergrung der Friedensproblematik unserer Tage. • Ernst Woit: Friedliche Koexistenz statt Weltherrschaft der USA. – Globalstrategische Aspekte des Kampfes für eine globale Friedensordnung. ○ Resümee zu den Dresdner Symposien 1 bis 18 (1996-2013) und deren Vorgänger (2015 in Hannover): • Wolfgang Scheler: Dresdner Symposien Für eine globale Friedensordnung. – Bilanz und Akteure einer friedenswissenschaftlichen Reihe.

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<p>Due to the political, economic, and technological changes brought on by the processes of globalization, since the mid-1990s, civil society groups have increasingly chosen to target corporate actors. This thesis focuses on the circumstances under which civil society groups have chosen to target corporate actors in addition to and instead of states. How corporate actors respond to activist demands and the factors that shape how they approach corporate social responsibility and the environment are also examined. This thesis uses a political economic opportunity structure approach to understand the relationship between civil society groups and corporate actors. While activist networks are increasingly targeting corporate actors, they also continue to target the state to achieve their objectives. This two prong strategy has been effective for activist networks because it allows them to take advantage of weaknesses found in both political and industry opportunity structures. However, while the impact of activist networks is shaped by the structural environment in which they operate, activist networks also create new opportunities through the strategic use of frames and tactics to draw attention to and create support for the issues with which they are concerned. Two case studies involving the global environmental movement and corporate actors are examined in this thesis. The first case study focuses on a global network of activists opposed to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the network’s interactions with states and a variety of corporations in their campaign to prevent the introduction of GMOs into the environment. The second case study examines the activities of a network of activists concerned about the environmental impacts of electronic waste (the e-waste network). The e-waste network sought to ensure the proper disposal of electronic waste and increase the sustainability of the electronics industry through the targeting of states and corporations.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>Rising levels of food insecurity is currently one of the most pressing issues in global politics. While the United Nations (UN) system has traditionally been responsible for addressing world hunger, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has emerged as a major site of global food security governance. As a result, the UN system and WTO now share authority over the global governance of food security. There are major tensions between these two regimes, with WTO trade rules making agriculture and food increasingly subject to market forces, while, in sharp contrast, the UN advances a human rights approach to food and a greater role for states and deeper constraints on the market. The WTO’s expanding authority over food security has prompted a counter-movement by the UN system, with UN institutions actively seeking to shape WTO trade rules in an attempt to limit the negative impacts of trade liberalization on world food security. This study develops a theory of international organizations as semi-autonomous actors that influence outcomes at competing institutional sites of global governance. This theoretical model, and its supporting empirical investigation, provide a novel contribution to the International Relations and International Political Economy literature on the role of state and non-state actors in contesting global governance. In particular, this study demonstrates that international organizations: act behind the scenes and in hidden ways in inter-state negotiations; perceive and adapt to new hierarchical configurations of power at the global level; and, engage in transnational political action that is motivated by moral and ethical concerns.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Ce travail est une étude du processus de production de connaissances réalisée avec le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) tel que l'effectue la Direction de l'Éducation de l'OCDE. On trouve, au centre de ce travail, les mécanismes et stratégies de l'objectivation de l'enquête PISA et de la légitimation de l'OCDE dans le rôle de coordinateur et producteur de connaissances mais aussi, les pratiques et stratégies de traitement, analyse, interprétation et communication des données de la Direction de l'Éducation. Acteur autonome, la Direction de l'Éducation de l'OCDE qui dirige, interprète et diffuse les résultats PISA de manière spécifique n'a guerre fait l'objet de recherches scientifiques. Cependant, de par sa portée globale, le taux élevé de produits PISA et leur usage répandu dans les sciences, la politique et les médias, l'OCDE est un acteur important qui influence l'interprétation et l'usage des données et des résultats PISA. Par l'examen de l'action et de l'argumentation de la Direction de l'Éducation avec PISA, ce travail veut contribuer à expliquer l'influence globale de l'OCDE sur les politiques en éducation internationales. Ce travail se fonde sur une approche ethnographique. Il se base sur les connaissances et expériences que la chercheuse a obtenu par une participation observante dans la Direction de l'Éducation de l'OCDE ainsi que sur les connaissances obtenues avec des entretiens d'experts du personnel de la Direction de l'Éducation. En outre, avec l'analyse de documents des publications PISA, les spécificités du processus de production de connaissances de l'OCDE sont étudiées. Les résultats de ce travail montrent une production de connaissances croissante, à partir des données PISA, au Secrétariat de l'OCDE entre 2001 et 2014, qui s'accompagne d'un nombre croissant de publications et de matériaux, des nouvelles formes d'analyse de données ainsi qu'une communication des résultats en direction d'un public croissant, afin d'augmenter l'influence politique, pratique et sociale de l'enquête et de ses résultats. L'exigence de la Direction de l'Éducation d'augmenter son attractivité auprès des politiques, des pratiques éducatives et de la société au sens large, est en partie en contradiction avec l'exigence d'une rigueur scientifique des résultats et conclusions de l'enquête PISA. En resumé, les résultats de ce travail plaident pour une politisation croissante de la production des connaissances avec PISA dans la Direction de l'Éducation depuis la première publication des résultats en 2001. / This study examines the process of knowledge production through the OECD Directorate for Education's Programme of International Student Assessment. The focus is on the mechanisms and strategies of objectivisation of the study and legitimatisation of the OECD as co-ordinator and knowledge producer with PISA, as well as the practices and strategies of data treatment, analysis, interpretation and communication in the OECD Directorate for Education. The OECD Directorate for Education, as an independent actor with a specific thematic orientation, interpretation and diffusion of PISA results has hardly been the focus of scholarly research. Yet, due to its global outreach, its high output rate of PISA products and the widespread use of its products in science, politics and media, the OECD is an important actor in shaping the interpretation and use of PISA data and results. By studying the acting and reasoning of the OECD Directorate for Education with PISA, this study intends to make a contribution to the understanding of the global influence of the OECD in international education policies. This study uses an ethnographic approach. It draws on knowledge and experiences which the researcher has gained through “observing participation” (Soulé, 2007) in the OECD Directorate for Education as well as on knowledge obtained from expert interviews with OECD staff members. Features of the knowledge production of the OECD were also studied by doing document analysis of PISA publications. The findings of this study show an increasing knowledge production with PISA data in the OECD Secretariat between 2001 and 2014, visible in the growing number of publications and materials, but also in new forms of data analysis as well as in public oriented data communication with the aim of raising the relevance of the study and its results in politics, educational practice and society. The pretension of the OECD Directorate for Education to achieve the highest possible attention from society, media and politics is partly in contradiction with the claim for scientific rigour of the results and inferences. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest a growing politicisation of the knowledge production with PISA in the OECD's Directorate for Education since the publication of first PISA results in 2001. / Die Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Prozess der Erkenntnisproduktion mit dem Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA), der sich innerhalb des OECD-Bildungsdirektorat vollzieht. Im Zentrum stehen Mechanismen und Strategien zur Objektivierung der Studie und zur Legitimierung der OECD als Koordinator von und Wissensproduzent mit PISA, sowie Praktiken und Strategien der Datenaufbereitung, -analyse, -interpretation und -kommunikation im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat. Das OECD-Bildungsdirektorat als eigenständig handelnder Akteur mit einer spezifischen inhaltlichen Ausrichtung, Interpretation und Verbreitung von PISA-Ergebnissen stand bisher kaum im Fokus der Forschung. Dabei ist die OECD aufgrund ihrer globalen Reichweite, ihrer hohen Output Rate an PISA Produkten und der weit verbreiteten Nutzung ihrer Produkte in Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien ein bedeutender Akteur, der die Öffentlichkeit hinsichtlich der Deutung und Nutzung von PISA-Daten und Erkenntnissen prägt. Durch die Untersuchung des Handelns und Räsonierens des OECD-Bildungsdirektorat mit PISA möchte diese Arbeit einen Beitrag dazu leisten, den weltweiten Einfluss der OECD auf die internationale Bildungspolitik zu erklären. Der Arbeit liegt ein ethnographischer Ansatz zu Grunde. Sie stützt sich auf Kenntnisse und Erfahrungen, die von der Forscherin im Rahmen einer beobachtenden Teilnahme im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat erworben wurden sowie auf Wissen, das mittels Experteninterviews mit Angestellten des OECD-Bildungsdirektorats gewonnen wurde. Zudem wurden mittels Dokumentenanalyse anhand von PISA-Publikationen Besonderheiten in der Erkenntnisproduktion der OECD untersucht. Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen eine wachsende Erkenntnisproduktion mit PISA-Daten im OECD Sekretariat im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2014, sichtbar in einer zunehmenden Anzahl an Publikationen und Materialien, neuer Arten von Datenanalyse sowie einer zunehmend öffentlichkeitswirksamen Datenkommunikation um den politischen, bildungspraktischen und gesellschaftlichen Einfluss der Studie und ihrer Ergebnisse auszubauen. Der Anspruch des OECD-Bildungsdirektorats mit PISA möglichst hohe gesellschaftliche, mediale und politische Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zu ziehen steht zum Teil im Widerspruch mit dem Anspruch an die wissenschaftliche Güte der Ergebnisse und ihren Schlussfolgerungen. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse für eine zunehmende Politisierung der Erkenntnisproduktion mit PISA im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat seit Veröffentlichung der ersten Ergebnisse im Jahr 2001.

La recherche porte sur l’actualité de la notion de cosmopolitisme. L’origine de cette notion remonte en effet aux racines de la philosophie, mais la période contemporaine présente une caractéristique inédite dans la mesure où elle offre la possibilité d’envisager, pour la première fois, une traduction politique de ce concept. Certes le cosmopolitisme a toujours eu une dimension politique, mais, aujourd’hui, la « citoyenneté » dont il est question dans l’idée de « citoyenneté mondiale » n’est plus seulement métaphorique. Ce travail peut donc être vu comme une théorisation générale du cosmopolitisme politique contemporain. La thèse défendue est la suivante : la notion de « citoyenneté mondiale » a gagné une effectivité politique nouvelle à l’époque contemporaine. Ce travail se propose d’analyser le cadre conceptuel proposé par ce qu’on appelle aujourd’hui la « démocratie cosmopolitique », c'est-à-dire le cosmopolitisme politique. Il s’agira de l’articuler à une compréhension plus générale du concept de cosmopolitisme, de montrer les biais par lesquels le cosmopolitisme gagne en effectivité sur le plan politique, et de mesurer la pertinence des critiques possibles. / The research focuses on the notion of cosmopolitanism as it applies today. The origin of this concept dates back to the roots of philosophy, but the contemporary period presents a unique characteristic which, for the first time, offers the possibility to consider this concept in a political sense. While cosmopolitanism has always had a political dimension, today "citizenship", when applied to "global citizenship", is no longer purely metaphorical.This work can therefore be seen as a general theory of contemporary political cosmopolitanism. The supported point of view is the following: the notion of "global citizenship" has taken a new political reality in modern times. This essay aims at analyzing the conceptual framework of what is now called the "cosmopolitan democracy", i.e. "political cosmopolitanism". It will articulate this conception to a more general understanding of the concept of cosmopolitanism, show the ways through which cosmopolitanism becomes more effective in the political sphere, and assess the relevance of possible critics.