No description available.

Humpback Chub Gila cypha are endangered cyprinids endemic to the Colorado River drainage and are adapted to live in fast currents of warm, turbid water. Although nine known aggregations of Humpback Chub currently exist in the main-stem Colorado River in the Grand Canyon, little is known about their reproduction. I hypothesized that Colorado River water temperatures below Glen Canyon Dam are too low due to hypolimnetic water releases from Lake Powell for female Humpback Chub to develop mature eggs for spawning. Ultrasonic imaging, also called ultrasound, is an effective, non-lethal method used to determine sex and maturity of a variety of freshwater, anadromous, and marine fishes. However, many previous studies have been performed in laboratory environments. I developed a standardized method for ultrasonically scanning endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha in remote locations within Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA. This method minimized stress to individual fish and took less than 1 min to perform. I was able to identify female fish with eggs based on two jpeg images and one 10 s video clip collected in the field. I also used ImageJ®, a National Institute of Health image processing program, to develop a brightness index to evaluate the maturity of eggs in female fish. I collected ultrasonic scans of captive, ripe Humpback Chub held at the Southwestern Native Aquatic Resources and Recovery Center (SNARRC) to determine that female fish were potentially ripe when a subsample of their eggs exhibited a brightness value within the 32-44 range. Although I was able to estimate egg maturity, I was not able to estimate egg mass of female fish. I used ultrasound to evaluate reproductive condition of 751 Humpback Chub in Grand Canyon. I documented egg development in female fish from the main-stem Colorado River, Little Colorado River, Havasu Creek, and Shinumo Creek. Egg development in Humpback Chub varies by location and time of year. Potentially ripe (stage 3) female fish were found at all sample locations and dates except at Shinumo Creek in 2013 and 2014. Potentially ripe females were also detected in every main-stem aggregation except for Pumpkin Springs and in two locations outside of established aggregations. Fisheries managers can use ultrasound to collect vital information about the reproductive status of fishes that cannot be killed and that are found in remote or rugged field locations. My findings indicate that female Humpback Chub are able to produce eggs throughout the main-stem Colorado River and that internal egg development and egg production likely do not limit recruitment. However, female fish may never experience the environmental triggers they need to spawn or may not experience conditions that would allow eggs and larvae to survive.

Globalisation has changed the higher education landscape dramatically in the past 20 years, especially for business schools. Accordingly, universities have had to adopt different internationalisation strategies in order to cope with this shifting context of globalisation and its many ramifications. In this thesis, a phenomenological approach has been adopted to examine how one French business school, ESC Clermont, has implemented internationalisation. Through this methodological approach the nature and processes of internationalisation have been examined using the lived experiences of participants at the school. The research shows how institutional engagement, strategic management, happenstance and a specific organisational structure shaped the internationalisation processes. An internal culture of openness and a commitment to language learning also contributed to furthering the internationalisation agenda. The findings show how the interaction between structure and agent were crucial in the school’s internationalisation process. This research also demonstrated that individual initiatives only happen within a favourable context which is created essentially by the culture and driven by the leadership. This study has also demonstrated the need for integrative strategic management of the organisational processes and the faculty. An important finding of this research is that internationalisation is a complex process that requires constant interaction between the people in the institution and the changing environment. The thesis presents a framework to assist in understanding the dynamics between the various dimensions of strategy, operations and faculty management in the internationalisation process. These dynamics are complex and require sensitive, on-going strategic management and open policies to ensure that the faculty members buy into the internationalisation activities. Finally, this study has enabled the researcher to reflect on his own role in the internationalisation process.

The recreational use of the Colorado River within the Grand Canyon National Park and National Monument increased on the order of 60 to 70 per cent during each year of the interval 1967 to 1970. Consequently, the U. S. National Park Service instituted user limits to protect and preserve the area commencing with the 1971 season. This limit was established with limited data on the users of the river or about their perceptions of the trip experience. A need existed to collect and analyze this type of data, and to suggest possible management alternatives. This study used a mailed questionnaire to a random sample of past participants in order to collect basic socio-economic data. The analysis was based on a 65% response rate, and consisted of individual question tabulation and multivariate data -cluster analysis. The data show background characteristics of the participants, reasons for taking the trip, reactions to the experience, perceptions of problems associated with the trips, reactions to crowded conditions, and needs for regulatory policy concerning user intensities.

No description available.

The April 1837 debut of tenor Gilbert-Louis Duprez at the Paris Opéra sparked uproarious applause and inspired a new group of tenors with a different vocal technique from tenors of the previous generation. Whereas previous tenors of the nineteenth century sang in a graceful, light, and flexible style that complemented the operatic compositions of Gluck, Rossini, and Bellini, Duprez sang in a powerful, forceful voice that brought new dramatic fervor to the existing repertoire of French Grand Opera. Duprez’ stentorian vocal representations of Arnold in Rossini’s Guillaume Tell and Robert in Meyerbeer’s Robert le diable, among others, inspired composers to write more prominent and dramatic tenor roles, eventually leading to the tenor roles in the operas of Verdi and Wagner. Duprez’ 1837 debut also marked the end of Adolphe Nourrit’s eleven-year reign as the sole leading tenor at the Paris Opéra. Threatened by the prospect of competition, Nourrit eventually left France for Italy in pursuit of the same vocal technique that insured Duprez’ fame. Nourrit studied with Donizetti and debuted at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, but grew impatient with his slow progress, disliked the sound of his new voice, and tried to turn back to his old way of singing. He failed to do so and lost his high notes, as well as his head voice. Nourrit’s pursuit ended in 1839 as he threw himself from the third floor of his residence, his voice, his health, and his psyche all in shambles. The shift in vocal technique involved a lowered laryngeal position, a raised velum, and a greater use of chest voice muscles in the higher ranges of the tenor voice. The resulting voix sombrée or “closed” or “covered” timbre, offers distinct hygienic and acoustic advantages, resulting in healthier vocalization and greater amplification of the upper harmonics of the voice. The voix sombrée allows the singer to sing at higher pitch levels with lower levels of tension in the vocal folds and the harmonics from the voice source are greatly enhanced at 2500-3200 Hz, the “singer’s formant,” the range at which the human ear is most sensitive. By reviewing the writings of singers, teachers, and critics of the early nineteenth century and comparing their descriptions of singers’ voices, and then comparing those descriptions with modern studies on the physiology and acoustics of the voice, one can paint a more informed picture concerning the nature and sound of the voices of Nourrit and Duprez. Analysis seems to show that Adolphe Nourrit utilized the lighter vocal production typical of earlier Rossinian tenors, combined with the nasal vocalization of French singers of the early 1800’s. His technique included a low velum, raised larynx, and a pure head voice in the high register. Conversely, Duprez sang with a lowered larynx and a larger degree of chest voice function in his high register. Duprez also incorporated Italian ideals of emphasis on the sound of the voice, rather than the French tendency to emphasize the words. Duprez’s innovations, based in the vocal technique already being used in Italy in the early 1830’s, propelled the voix sombrée technique into the French spotlight, and led to the eventual globalized use of the technique in the opera world.

Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans une thématique pluridisciplinaire qui regroupe des domaines comme la dynamique des structures, le biomimétisme, les technologies de réalisation de microsystème et l'aérodynamique. Le but de ce travail est de progresser dans la conception et la réalisation d'un microsystème à ailes résonantes à l'échelle de l'insecte en utilisant des technologies issues des microsystèmes. Des concepts sont développés dans cette thèse. En particulier, l'obtention d'un battement de grande amplitude par l'utilisation de la résonance de l'aile et la rotation de l'aile de façon passive. Des prototypes ont été réalisés en utilisant le polymère SU-8 dont les caractéristiques mécaniques sont proches de celles d'une aile d'insecte. Cette structure a été mise en vibration an de génerer de la portance mais n'a pour l'instant pas été capable de se propulser dans les airs. Les concepts d'aile résonante et de torsion passive ont toutefois pu être validés. Une étude plus spécique de simulation de vibration en grands déplacements a été menée et un premier modèle élément ni est proposé. Les questions d'amortissement des ailes dans l'air sont également traitées en vu de pouvoir poursuivre l'étude et différencier les efforts aérodynamiques de l'amortissement propre à la structure. Nous disposons d'un outil expérimental pour étudier à l'échelle de l'insecte la cinématique des ailes et les effets aérodynamiques.

Cette thèse porte sur la participation des habitants, considérée comme un discours sur la ville et une action politique. À partir de cet objet, elle analyse le lien entre les dynamiques sociales d'appropriation de l'espace et l'engagement politique. Elle s'appuie sur une enquête de terrain menée dans le quartier nord de Marzahn, un grand ensemble de Berlin-Est. L'étude de ce cas montre que la participation politique est indissociable de la représentation politique. À la fin des années 1990, la différenciation socio-spatiale des grands ensembles de Berlin-Est s'affine avec la privatisation d'une partie du parc immobilier. Parallèlement à ces transformations, la participation des habitants devient un instrument central des politiques de rénovation urbaine menées dans ce secteur bien qu'elle soit conçue sur un mode plus individuel et moins protestataire que par le passé. Les groupes sociaux qui cohabitent à Marzahn Nord se caractérisent par des usages socialement différenciés de leur quartier qui produisent des attaches sociales et familières à l'environnement urbain. Lorsque ces attaches sont menacées par des usages concurrents de l'espace, elles constituent des enjeux potentiels d'action dont le débouché politique n'est cependant pas systématique. Pour participer, il faut en effet prendre la parole dans un espace public, c'est-à-dire manifester un bien commun aux yeux d'autrui. La participation politique suppose ainsi une opération de représentation. Celle-ci est défaillante lorsque la composition sociale du public admis à s'exprimer est trop homogène et lorsque les espaces publics disposent d'un ancrage institutionnel trop faible.

This report is a Southern Paiute ethnographic study of the Grand Staircase- Escalante NM. This is the first report of activities conducted by the University of Arizona regarding Kaibab Paiute ethnographic resources currently within the boundaries of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM). The GSENM is a very large area that has been carved out of some of the most topographically and ecologically diverse lands in North America and contain a range of important Southern Paiute cultural resources and places. The Kaibab Paiute people were one of a number of Southern Paiute districts of the Southern Paiute nation who traditionally and aboriginally occupied and used the biotic and abiotic resources of this area. This study details the physical, prehistoric, historic, and cultural ties between the Southern Paiutes and the GSENM. In addition, this report presents the current relations of Southern Paiutes to this cultural landscape and the ways in which resource appropriation from the past continues to impact expressions of power in the present.

No description available.