As Bienais de Arquitetura constituem meios institucionalizados para a difusão e promoção das diferentes realizações da arquitetura em lugares onde essas práticas acontecem, consolidando, ao longo dos anos, uma arraigada tradição em vários países da América Latina, ao ponto de se tornarem importantes eventos de arquitetura no contexto nacional, continental e global. Sobre o formato do concurso, as Bienais convocam revisões periódicas de uma parte da produção arquitetônica amparadas pelo reconhecimento do mais significativo dela. Entre as diferentes formas de premiação, os Grandes Prêmios Bienais comparecem quase de maneira consensual nesses eventos, sendo os máximos representantes da qualidade arquitetônica. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um panorama preliminar sobre as onze Bienais de Arquitetura mais emblemáticas do cenário Latino-americano, a fim de consolidar uma caracterização dessas práticas de difusão arquitetônica como conjunto. Por sua vez, o recorte temporal das últimas cinco Bienais ocorridas entre 2005 e 2015, partindo do mapeamento das obras ganhadoras dos grandes prêmios dessas Bienais, permitirá trazer alguns questionamentos que envolvem a natureza desses máximos prêmios no âmbito dessas mostras de arquitetura. Dentro das diversas variáveis que envolvem os laureados, nos aproximaremos de dois casos particulares de obras premiadas, com o intuito de identificar e tentar entender quais seriam as relações existentes entre o discurso da obra e o laudo do Júri, no contexto particular de cada Bienal. O nosso esforço, ao longo deste trabalho, estará norteado pela ideia de panorama contemporâneo dessas Bienais de arquitetura, como formas de avaliação e difusão de uma parte da produção arquitetônica atreladas à pratica disciplinar. / Architecture Biennials organize institutionalized means for diffusion and promotion of varied architecture achievements in places where those practices happen, consolidating along the years an ingrained tradition in several Latin American countries to an extent of becoming important events of architecture in the national, continental and global contexts. Concerning the format of the contest, Biennials call for regular reviews of a part of the architectural production supported by the recognition of its meaning. Among the varied ways of reward, the Biennials Grand Prix make it to these events almost in a consensual manner, being the maximum representatives of the architectural quality. In this context, this work represents a primary panorama over the top eleven Architecture Biennials in Latin America, in order to consolidate a characterization of these practices of architectural diffusion as a whole. In turn, the temporal cut of the last five Biennials that took place between 2005 and 2015, starting from the mapping of the winning buildings in these Biennials grand prix, will allow us some questionings that surround the nature of these maximum prizes within the scope of these architecture exhibitions. Within the numerous variables that surround the laureates, we will approach two specific cases of rewarded buildings, aiming for identifying and trying to understand what would be the existing relations between the oeuvre\'s speech and the jury\'s decision, in the specific context of each Biennial. Our effort, along this work, will be guided by the idea of the contemporary panorama of these Architecture Biennials as means of evaluation and diffusion of a part of the architectural production in harness with disciplinary practice.

La présente thèse de doctorat consiste en une enquête globale sur le développement de l’humanisme dans le contexte du retour de la cour pontificale en Italie, au moment d’une crise majeure, le Grand Schisme d’Occident. Notre travail se propose, avant toute chose, de nouer les fils de deux histoires généralement conçues comme distinctes et d’en éclairer les interactions. Il s’agit, d’une part, de l’émergence, au tournant du XVe siècle, d’une génération d’intellectuels que l’on considère comme les représentants d’un humanisme arrivé à pleine maturité après un siècle et demi de gestation et, d’autre part, de la réinstallation du pouvoir pontifical à Rome, une entreprise politique dont la première phase fut marquée par une longue et fort complexe lutte pour l’unité et la stabilité. Le propos est organisé en trois parties accompagnées d’une série d’annexes complémentaires (tableaux prosopographiques, typologies des corpus rhétoriques et diplomatiques, éditions de documents d’archives et de pièces littéraires). Y sont successivement étudiées la constitution d’un milieu savant, son insertion dans l’histoire et le fonctionnement de la curie au cours des pontificats d’Innocent VII, Grégoire XII, Alexandre V et Jean XXIII ainsi que durant les conciles de Pise et de Constance, et la composition d’un modèle rhétorique complet mis au service de la propagande pontificale. Les dynamiques socio-institutionnelles et les principes idéologiques et éthiques qui furent à l’origine d’une collaboration féconde entre humanisme et papauté sont particulièrement mis en valeur, de même que les voies de création d’une mémoire et d’une éloquence communes. / This dissertation consists of a comprehensive appraisal of the development of humanism in the context of the return of the pontifical court in Italy at the time of a major crisis, the Great Western Schism. Our work primarily aims at linking two stories, generally conceived as distinct, and enlightening interactions between them. These are, firstly, the emergence of a generation of intellectuals that are considered to be representatives of a humanism that reached its full maturity after a century and a half of gestation and, secondly, the re-establishment of the pontifical power in Rome, a political enterprise whose first phase was characterized by a long and very complex struggle for unity and stability. This thesis is as follows : it examines firstly the construction of a scholarly network, secondly its relationship to historical and institutionnal contexts, namely the operation of the curia during the pontificates of Innocent VII, Gregory XII, Alexander V and John XXIII and the councils of Pisa and Constance. Finallyit it investigates the elaboration of a complete rhetorical model that served the papal propaganda. The socio-institutional dynamics and the ideological and ethical principles that served as the basis of a fruitful collaboration between humanism and papacy are highlighted, as well as ways of creating a memory and a common eloquence. This dissertation includes a series of additional annexes (prosopographical tables, typologies of rhetorical and diplomatic corpus, and editions of archival and literary documents).

This thesis examines the city of Rome as a primary context of British sociability and portrait identity during the period from 1740 to 1830. Part I considers the work of the portrait painter Pompeo Batoni. It examines the pictorial record of grand tourist sociability at Rome in the 1750s, questioning the complex articulation of nationality among British visitors, and the introduction of overt references to antiquity in the portraiture of Pompeo Batoni. It subsequently interrogates Batoni's use of the partially nude Vatican Ariadne sculpture in five portraits of male grand tourists, dating from Charles John Crowle in 1762, to Thomas William Coke in 1774. Part II of this thesis considers the realities of viewing the sculpted body at Rome, recreating the studios of sculptors Christopher Hewetson and Antonio Canova. It postis the studio space as a locus of sociability for British visitors to Rome, drawing on the feminine gaze in the form of the early nineteenth-century writings of Charlotte Eaton and Lady Murray. The final chapter moves from the focus on British sitters to examine sculpture by Antonio Canova, framing it within a wider discourse of masculinity and propriety. Thte reception of Canova's nude portrait sculpture of Napoleon Bonaparte and Pauline Borghese is considered as indicative of cultural anxieties stemming from new conceptions of gender.

The aim of this thesis was to create a new communications strategy for the athletics meeting called Grand Prix Ústí nad Labem, thereby ensuring greater participation of the audience. The first part of this thesis is focused on the theoretical background with an emphasis on marketing communication and it's differences in the focus on sport and the development of effective communication using the tools of the communication mix. The second part of this work is devoted to the history and present of the athletics in Ústí nad Labem and the history of Grand Prix Ústí nad Labem. The third part of this thesis describes the current operation of the athletic meeting, it's organizational structure and financial aspects of the existing communication strategy. The fourth part is the actual research conducted through questionnaires. The results of the survey and additional outputs from SPSS helped to create the fifth part, the part which is designed to refocus the athletic meeting communication strategy -- billboards, tickets, TV commercials, to improve Internet and Internet forums communications, etc., which should help increase public participation in the actual Grand Prix meeting Ústí nad Labem.

Le royaume de France connaît durant la première moitié du XVe siècle une série de crises qui affectent l’ensemble de la société et engendrent un profond bouleversement. Alors que les humanistes français livrent déjà une âpre bataille philologique et littéraire contre leurs adversaires italiens, pour exercer le leadership culturel de l’Europe, ils élaborent en parallèle un projet de société, afin de guérir cette dernière des maux qui l’accablent. L’enjeu de notre recherche réside donc dans l’identification du projet humaniste français et de ses ténors, en croisant sources « littéraires » et données historiques, ce qui permet de réviser la vision actuelle de l’humanisme.Dans un ensemble d’oeuvres à première vue hétérogène et dont certaines sont encore inédites, allant du poème à l’exégèse biblique, Pierre d’Ailly, Nicolas de Clamanges, Jean Gerson et Alain Chartier, qui exercent des fonctions très différentes, expriment le même amour de la patrie. Un à un, les fauteurs de crise sont dénoncés, les péchés de chacun révélés, le diagnostic établi. Pour mener leur tâche à bien, les auteurs usent de tout leur talent, de larges connaissances et surtout de méthodes critiques qu’ils veulent rationnelles afin d’éclairer des textes parfois obscurs et controversés. Sur cette base, ils esquissent les contours d’un monde rénové par la réactualisation du pacte conclu avec Dieu, condition indispensable du retour à la paix. Alors, les pouvoirs spirituel et temporel pourront restaurer le droit en mettant sur pied une norme plus rigoureuse, en particulier en matière d’homicide. Les chrétiens évoluant ainsi dans un monde où règneront la concorde et la justice pourront enfin accéder au bonheur / Le royaume de France connaît durant la première moitié du XVe siècle une série de crises qui affectent l’ensemble de la société et engendrent un profond bouleversement. Alors que les humanistes français livrent déjà une âpre bataille philologique et littéraire contre leurs adversaires italiens, pour exercer le leadership culturel de l’Europe, ils élaborent en parallèle un projet de société, afin de guérir cette dernière des maux qui l’accablent. L’enjeu de notre recherche réside donc dans l’identification du projet humaniste français et de ses ténors, en croisant sources « littéraires » et données historiques, ce qui permet de réviser la vision actuelle de l’humanisme.Dans un ensemble d’oeuvres à première vue hétérogène et dont certaines sont encore inédites, allant du poème à l’exégèse biblique, Pierre d’Ailly, Nicolas de Clamanges, Jean Gerson et Alain Chartier, qui exercent des fonctions très différentes, expriment le même amour de la patrie. Un à un, les fauteurs de crise sont dénoncés, les péchés de chacun révélés, le diagnostic établi. Pour mener leur tâche à bien, les auteurs usent de tout leur talent, de larges connaissances et surtout de méthodes critiques qu’ils veulent rationnelles afin d’éclairer des textes parfois obscurs et controversés. Sur cette base, ils esquissent les contours d’un monde rénové par la réactualisation du pacte conclu avec Dieu, condition indispensable du retour à la paix. Alors, les pouvoirs spirituel et temporel pourront restaurer le droit en mettant sur pied une norme plus rigoureuse, en particulier en matière d’homicide. Les chrétiens évoluant ainsi dans un monde où règneront la concorde et la justice pourront enfin accéder au bonheur

Os dois volumes que integram esta dissertação compreendem a produção visual realizada entre 2003 - 2008, e a implantação de um ateliê no centro histórico da cidade de Santos, no bairro do Valongo, a partir de 2007. Através de documentação fotográfica e anotações sobre o processo, o primeiro caderno constitui uma sucessão de ações relacionadas a ocupação do próprio ateliê e a produção neste lugar, tendo como foco o desenho, a xilogravura e a pintura. O segundo caderno apresenta uma seleção de trabalhos em pequenos e grandes formatos, dando ênfase a sobreposição de camadas de cor e possíveis aproximações entre a xilogravura e a pintura. / The two volumes of this dissertation comprise the authors artistic production from 2003 to 2008, as well as the implementation of an arts workshop in the historical downtown of the city of Santos, in the Valongo district, from 2007 onward. By means of photographic documentation and process notes, the first volume comprises a series of actions related to the setting up of the workshop itself and the artistic production which has taken place there, focusing on drawing, painting and woodcut. The second volume introduces a selection of works, in small and large formats, emphasizing color overlaying and the possible connections between woodcut and painting.

Wide debates over the last 15 years have questioned the impact of global initiatives like the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness 2005 and more recently the Grand Bargain 2017 on any real improvements to the development effectiveness agenda. Many also ask to what extent do the initiatives consider the concerns and views of practitioners as stakeholders who implement the objectives and who have valuable experience, contextual insights, specific skill-sets and innovative ideas on how to address complex problems (Sjöstedt 2013). The breadth of literature surrounding the initiatives seems to reflect this, collectively calling for improvements in four common theme areas; greater collaboration, partnership and coordination between actors; instilled mutual accountability and shared responsibility; simplified administrative requirements for implementers; and greater participation and inclusion of stakeholder voices throughout processes. Questions that ask ‘who are the actors and decision-makers?’, and ‘who ought they be?’ can highlight gaps between an ideal situation and the reality, and is characteristic of a Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) approach to analysing sources of influence in a typical system, or in this case, global initiative. Therefore, this paper analyses the voices of aid and development practitioners who are actively working in the sector, and compares their responses to the four themes from the literature. The research was conducted over three (3) months from May to July 2018 and interviewed nineteen (19) participants from a wide variety of development and humanitarian backgrounds and levels. The main findings of the research are summed as follows: Definitions of ‘effectiveness’ vary and depend on underlying political influences  Global initiatives like the Paris Declaration and Grand Bargain have had minimal visible impact on changing systems at the implementation level The role of global initiatives is however still important as forums for promoting discussion, defining boundaries and unifying debates Power imbalances and hierarchies within the development sector are structurally embedded and addressing this is crucial to improving effectiveness Real improvements to the effectiveness agenda require both innovative, participative and evidence-based learning, and systems to accept and address the concerns of implementers

Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2016-12-14T12:34:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius dissertação biblioteca.pdf: 3547787 bytes, checksum: 9dac22034b8705d80dbecf81c82ae05a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T12:34:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius dissertação biblioteca.pdf: 3547787 bytes, checksum: 9dac22034b8705d80dbecf81c82ae05a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq# / #-2555911436985713659# / #600 / Being grounded in the consideration that games are texts (MAGNANI, 2008), Network Literacy (BUZATO, 2009, 2012a, 2012b, 2014) and sites of engagement (SCOLLON, 2001, NORRIS, 2004) my aim, in this dissertation, is analyzing the semiotic and discursive course of a subject that plays the game The Grand Theft Auto V. The reason for choosing is justified by two aspects: 1) It is an adult game that, in other words, needs many hours to be played, according to what Gee (2007) points out. 2) It deeply characterizes the cultural universe of the students, because this game has sold, according to the newzoo site, thirty four million copies in thirteen months since its release. This purpose is justified by the fact that, if we want to idealize proper schools and/or pedagogies for games, in the educational sphere, we have to, at first, analyze the complex discursive and semiotic process that characterize their playing. The theoretical background of this dissertation is divided into four chapters: 1) The state of art videogame studies. 2) Literacy: One theme and three turns. 3) Games and the produce of meaning. 4) Mediated Discourse Analysis. Methodologically, I use an online monitoring software called Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) in order to analyze all spaces that the subject goes while he is playing this game. This way to do ethnography is called Connective Ethnography (LEANDER e MCKIM, 2003; LEANDER E LOVORN, 2006), because it traces the person’s activity as online, as offline. Besides it, the questionnaire that was previously applied in order to analyze the subject’s profile. The results of this study showed that the analyzed subject had mobilized two different kinds of literacies: 1) Literacy in the web pages. 2) Literacies in the virtual world of the game. In these second kind of literacies, the analyzed subject used to assimilate the Discourses of the game that made the avatar become a killer, or a robber, for example. / Estando ancorado na consideração de que os games são ora textos (MAGNANI, 2008), ora Letramentos em Rede (BUZATO, 2009, 2012a,2012b, 2014), ora sítios de engajamento (SCOLLON, 2001, NORRIS, 2004), busco, nesta dissertação, analisar o percurso semiótico e discursivo de um sujeito que joga o game The Grand Theft Auto V. O motivo para escolher este jogo está justificado em dois aspectos principais: 1) Trata-se de um jogo adulto, ou seja, exige várias horas para ser praticado, conforme Gee (2007) aponta. 2) Caracteriza sobremaneira o universo cultural dos sujeitos que estão na escola, fato notado pelo marcante volume de vendas destacado pelo site newzoo – trinta e quatro milhões de cópias em treze meses desde seu lançamento. Essa proposta se justifica pelo fato de que, para pensarmos em escolas e/ou pedagogias, que sejam responsivas aos games, na esfera educacional, devemos, primeiramente, analisar os processos complexos, semióticos e discursivos que caracteriza seu jogar. O referencial teórico deste trabalho é dividido em quatro capítulos: 1) O estado da arte nos estudos de videogame. 2) Letramento: Um tema e três Viradas. 3) Games e produção de sentido. 4) Análise do Discurso Mediado. Metodologicamente, uso o software de monitoramento online Open Broadcaster Software (OBS) para analisar todos os espaços que o sujeito percorre enquanto joga o game. Essa forma de etnografia empregada é chamada de etnografia conectiva (LEANDER e MCKIM, 2003; LEANDER E LOVORN, 2006), pois rastreia a atividade do sujeito, tanto online, quanto off-line. Soma-se a isso o questionário previamente aplicado, cujo objetivo era analisar o perfil do sujeito. Os resultados desse percurso revelaram que o sujeito analisado mobilizou dois tipos diferentes de letramentos: 1) Letramentos em páginas da web. 2) Letramentos no mundo virtual do game. Nesses últimos letramentos, o analisado acabava assimilando os Discursos do game que, ora revelavam o avatar do jogador como um matador, ora o revelavam como um ladrão, por exemplo.

Le but de la thèse est de mesurer la section efficace de production de quarks top-antitop dans le canal lepton + jets dans l'expérience ATLAS au Grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC). L'analyse utilise les données des collisions proton-proton à 7 TeV collectées en 2010 avec une luminosité intégrée de 33,7 pb-1. La sélection des événements est basée sur la signature de la topologie top-antitop avec 1 électron ou muon, une grande énergie transverse manquante et au moins 4 jets. Le fond QCD multijets est mesuré avec les données elles-mêmes par une "Méthode Matricielle". Trois méthodes sont utilisées pour mesurer le fond W+jets, la méthode d’asymétrie de charge, la méthode de Berends-Giele et une méthode combinant les deux précédentes. Les autres bruits de fond sont estimés à partir MC. Le nombre d'événements de signal top-antitop est obtenu en ajustant la distribution du nombre de jets étiquetés b, en mesurant simultanément l'efficacité d‘étiquetage des quarks b. La section efficace top-antitop est mesurée à 148,1±34,9 pb. Elle est compatible avec la prédiction du Modèle Standard à l’ordre NNLO calculée par le logiciel Hathor. Elle est également en accord avec les mesures par d'autres méthodes. Avec plus de données sur les collisions en 2011, on peut s'attendre à une mesure plus précise de la section efficace top-antitop. / The essential purpose of the thesis is to measure the top pair cross section in lepton+jets channels in the Atlas experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The analysis is using the proton-proton collision data at 7 TeV collected in 2010 with a luminosity of 33.7 pb-1. The event selection is based on the signature of ttbar topology with 1 electron or muon, large missing transverse energy and at least 4 jets. The QCD multijet background is measured with the data driven “Matrix Method”. Three data driven methods are applied to measure the W+jets background, the charge asymmetry method, the Berends Scaling method and the method combining both. Other backgrounds are estimated from MC.The number of signal ttbar events are obtained by fitting the distribution of the number of b-tagged jet, when the b-tagging efficiency is simultaneously fitted. The ttbar cross section is measured to be 148.1±34.9 pb. It is consistent with the Standard Model prediction at NNLO calculated by Hathor tool. It also agrees with the measurements from other methods. With more collision data in 2011, one can expect a more precise measurement on ttbar cross section.

Bison spp. (bison) fossils are scarce on the Colorado Plateau, especially within the greater Grand Canyon region. Because of the poor fossil record for bison on the plateau and in Grand Canyon National Park, various resource managers have surreptitiously designated bison a nonnative and human-introduced species. The lack of evidence for bison seems to be the result of collection bias rather than a true lack of bison remains. Today, Grand Canyon National Park has a neighboring herd of 350 bison that have meandered unwantedly onto National Park lands from neighboring Forest Service and State of Arizona lands. This study spatiotemporally illustrates bison are recently native to the greater Grand Canyon area based on previously misidentified specimens in archaeological collections. Data here may require resource managers to reconsider whether or not bison should be reconsidered a native species to the Grand Canyon National Park and elsewhere on the Colorado Plateau.