L'objectif principal de la présente étude est de développer des encres à base de graphène présentant d'excellentes propriétés de stabilité, électriques et physiques pour l'électronique d'impression en utilisant des techniques de revêtement par pulvérisation et d'impression par jet d'encre. Premièrement, la comparaison des différents types de matériaux similaires au graphène a montré que la mousse de graphène (GF) présentait la plus grande surface spécifique avec une valeur de 2136 m2g-1. Par ailleurs, les nanoplaquettes de graphite (GNPs) et le graphite synthétique (SG) présentaient des structures hautement cristallines avec la présence d'un pic aigu et étroit (002) et de particules de haute qualité avec un rapport ID/IG inférieur. Deuxièmement, les résultats ont montré que la viscosité et l'angle de contact des encres conductrices augmentaient significativement avec l'augmentation des charges de GF, GNPs et SG dans un liant de vernis polyester (PV). L'incorporation de 10 % en volume de PNB a amélioré la conductivité électrique du PV de 186 %, et seulement 40 % pour la SG et 10 % pour le GF avec la même charge de remplissage. Ensuite, il a été constaté que les PNB dispersés dans l'éthylène glycol (EG) présentaient une meilleure stabilité avec une diminution de 85% de la concentration initiale après un mois, une viscosité et une mouillabilité supérieures à celles du propylène glycol (PG) et du 2-propanol (IPA). D'autre part, le GF dispersé dans un solvant mélangé IPA:EG avec un rapport de 1:1 n'a montré qu'une diminution de 50 % par rapport à la concentration initiale après un mois comparant à ceux des encres GNP dans le même rapport de mélange. Dans la dernière partie, l'encre hybride GF/poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène) poly(styrène-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) a montré une meilleure stabilité que l'encre hybride GF et l'encre hybride GF/nanoparticules d’argent (AgNPs) où l'encre a montré 30 % de réduction de concentration après un mois, 100 % d'amélioration en termes de conductivité superficielle à 50 couches imprimées et un facteur de gauge de 4.3. En conclusion, l'encre hybride imprimée GF/PEDOT:PSS a le potentiel d'être utilisée pour les applications de capteurs de contrainte. / The main aim of the present study is to develop graphene-based ink with excellent stability, electrical and physical properties for printing electronics by utilizing spray coating and inkjet printing techniques. Firstly, comparison on the different types of graphene-like materials showed that graphene foam (GF) exhibited the highest surface area with the value of 2136 m2g-1. Meanwhile, graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) and synthetic graphite (SG) displayed highly crystalline structures with the presence of sharp and narrow (002) peak, and high-quality particles with lower ID/IG ratio. Secondly, results showed that viscosity and contact angle of the conductive inks increased significantly with increasing GF, GNPs and SG filler loadings in a polyester varnish (PV) binder. The incorporation of 10 vol.% GNPs improved the electrical conductivity of PV by 186 %, and only 40 % for SG and 10 % for GF at the same filler loading. Next, it is found that GNPs dispersed in ethylene glycol (EG) exhibited better stability with 85 % decrement of the initial concentration after a month, viscosity and wettability than those of propylene glycol (PG) and 2-propanol (IPA). On the other hand, GF dispersed in IPA:EG mixed solvent at ratio of 1:1 showed only 50 % decrement from the initial concentration after a month compared to those of GNPs inks at the same mixed ratio. In the last part, GF/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hybrid ink exhibited better stability than GF ink and GF/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hybrid ink where the ink showed 30 % decrement from the concentration after a month, 100 % improvement in surface conductivity at 50 printed layers and gauge factor of 4.3. As a conclusion, printed GF/PEDOT:PSS hybrid ink has the potential to be used for strain sensor applications.

La production et le stockage de l'énergie est un grand défi de notre société. Les propriétés de certains matériaux sont dues principalement aux défauts qu'ils contiennent. Afin d'améliorer les matériaux que nous utilisons, il est nécessaire de pouvoir les modéliser. Ce travail est centré sur l'étude de divers défauts dans deux matériaux, le silicium et le graphite lithié. Au travers de la simulation multi-échelles, nous modélisons les défauts et leur cinétique, afin de pouvoir prédire leur formation mais aussi leur vieillissement.La première partie est centrée sur les différentes méthodes que nous avons employées. Ces méthodes sont réparties dans trois catégories, qui donnent accès chacune à une échelle de simulation. En démarrant sur des modèles électroniques et des simulations textit{ab initio}, nous avons pu mener des simulations atomistiques grâce à des algorithme stochastiques. Ces résultats ont ensuite mené vers des modèles macroscopiques, afin de pouvoir les comparer aux résultats expérimentaux.La seconde partie développe nos analyse sur les défauts ponctuels dans le silicium : carbones, oxygènes, lacunes et interstitiels. Ces défauts se regroupent et forment des complexes dans le silicium irradié. En analysant le comportement de ces complexes à l'échelle atomique, nous avons pu construire un modèle permettant de simuler la cinétique de multiples défauts, ainsi que la chaîne de réactions, sur plusieurs dizaines d'années. Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer les conditions permettant un meilleur contrôle de la formation et du vieillissement des complexes.La dernière partie présente l'analyse du graphite lithié. Ce composant de base des batteries lithium-ion est du graphite dans lequel s'intercale des atomes de lithium lors de la charge. La cinétique de la charge prédit le regroupement des atomes en îles, qui se déplacent lors de la charge. La propagation des atomes de lithium des bords de l'électrode vers le centre du graphite est également analysé. / Energy production and storage is a big challenge in our society. The properties of some materials are mainly due to the defects therein. To improve the materials we use, it is necessary to be able to model them. This work focuses on the study of various defects in both materials, silicon and lithium graphite. Through the multi-scale simulation, we model the defects and their kinetics in order to predict their formation but also aging.The first part focuses on the various methods we used. These methods are divided into three categories, each providing access to a simulation scale. By starting on electronic models with textit{ab initio} simulations, we were able to simulate defects behavior with atomistic simulations using stochastic algorithm. These results then led to macroscopic models, in order to compare our simulations with the experimental results.The second part develops our analysis of point defects in silicon: carbon, oxygen, vacancies and interstitials. These defects gather and form complexes in the irradiated silicon. By analyzing the behavior of these complexes at the atomic scale, we could build a model to simulate the kinetics of multiple defects, and the reaction chain, over several decades. Thus, it is possible to determine the conditions for greater control of the formation and aging of various complexes.The last part presents the analysis of lithium graphite. This component of lithium-ion batteries is made of graphite in which lithium atoms intercalate during charging. The kinetics of the charging predicts the grouping of lithium atoms in islands, which move during charging. The lithium atoms diffusion from the edges of the electrode towards the center of the graphite is also analyzed.

Polymer composites formed from layered fillers with high surface volume ratio show enhanced reinforcement. Graphite oxide is a high modulus material that can be separated into thin layers with high surface area. The aim of this study is to prepare polymer layered graphite oxide composites using functionalised polyolefin to enhance compatibility with various forms of layered graphite oxide in varying concentration. Functionalised polyolefins reinforced with layered graphite oxides and expanded graphite oxides were prepared using solution blending and melt blending methods. Three different mixing methods with varying shear intensity were employed to prepare polymer layered graphite oxide composites. The crystalline structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared polymer layered graphite oxide composites was studied. Oxidised graphite prepared from the Staudenmaier method and its exfoliated form were dispersed in poly(ethylene-co-methyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) (EMAA) via solution blending to prepare EMAA layered composites. The thermal stability was determined using thermogravimetric analysis. The EMAA layered composites showed higher thermal stability in comparison with pure EMAA. The mechanical properties of these EMAA layered composites were determined through dynamic mechanical analysis. Shear modulus, yield stress and storage modulus of EMAA in the presence of graphite oxide fillers decreased. A solution blending method was used to prepare poly(propylene-grafted-maleic anhydride) layered expanded graphite oxide composites (PPMA-EGO). Two types of PPMA-EGO were prepared using different mixing methods - low and high shear were employed. The effects of preparative mixing methods on the PPMA-EGO properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of PPMA-EGO obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that EGO had a reinforcing effect on the elastic behaviour of PPMA-EGO. This is due to strong interfacial adhesion between PPMA and EGO as a result of hydrogen bonding. The elastic behaviour of PPMA-EGO was affected by the surface area of graphite flakes. Low sheared PPMA-EGO elastic behaviour was found to be higher compared with that of high sheared PPMA-EGO. A melt blending method was used to prepare PPMA-EGO with varying EGO concentration. The interconnected network structure of EGO in the PPMA-EGO was not observed as shown by its scanning electron microscopy images. Thermogravimetric analysis of PPMA-EGO indicates increased decomposition temperature of the PPMA matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed enhanced storage modulus of PPMA-EGO. The maximum elastic modulus of PPMA-EGO was observed at 3 %wt of EGO. The electrical conductivity of PPMA-EGO was measured only for EGO concentrations above 2 %wt. The EGO concentration was found to be the most critical factor in the enhancement of the electrical conductivity of PPMA-EGO. Wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis of all polymer layered graphite oxide composites revealed no change in interlayer spacing of graphite layers, indicating the absence of EMAA intercalation in the graphite layers. The crystallisation temperature and crystallinity of all polymer layered graphite oxide composites were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that graphite oxide and expanded graphite oxides acted as nucleating agents in inducing the crystallisation of functionalised polyolefin in the layered composites. However, the degree of crystallinity of functionalised polyolefin decreased in the layered composites.

In this thesis, we show that planar graphene ribbons have properties similar to those of nanotubes. Both exhibit semiconducting or metallic properties depending on crystal orientation. The band gap varies approximately as the inverse of the ribbon width. Both can be doped and gated. Due to these similarities, the patterned graphene also has nanotube like transport properties, which include coherent transport, ballistic transport, and high current capabilities. In essential contrast to nanotubes, graphene ribbons can be rationally patterned using standard electron beam lithography methods; functional graphene devices could be fabricated eliminating the need for metal interconnects on the wafer. This would remove many obstacles faced by carbon nanotubes, while retaining the benefits of high carrier mobility and quasi-1D transport. We have produced ultrathin epitaxial graphite films on single-crystal silicon carbide by vacuum graphitization, which show remarkable 2D electron gas (2DEG) behavior. The most highly ordered samples exhibit Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations that correspond to nonlinearities observed in the Hall resistance, indicating a potential new quantum Hall system. The transport properties, which are closely related to those of carbon nanotubes, are dominated by the single epitaxial graphene layer at the silicon carbide interface and reveal the Dirac nature of the charge carriers. Patterned structures show quantum confinement of electrons and phase coherence lengths beyond 1 micrometer at 4 kelvin, with mobilities exceeding 2.5 square meters per volt-second. We show that the high-mobility films can be patterned via conventional lithographic techniques, and we demonstrate modulation of the film conductance using a top-gate electrode. These key elements suggest electronic device applications based on nanopatterned epitaxial graphene (NPEG) with the potential for large-scale integration. The research created a foundation for graphene science and technology and established a path toward graphene-based nanoelectronics.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Materials Science and Engineering Program, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Graphite is used within a reactor as a moderator and a reflector material. During fast neutron irradiation, the physical properties and dimensions of nuclear graphite are changed significantly. Graphite shrinkage could lead to disengagement of individual component and loss of core geometry; differential shrinkage in the graphite component could lead to the generation of internal stresses and component failure by cracking. The latter behaviour is complicated by the irradiation induced changes in Young's modulus and strength. These dimensional and modulus change have been associated with the irradiation-induced closure of many thousands of micro-cracks associated with the graphite crystallites due to crystal dimensional change. Closure of microcracks in nuclear graphite was simulated by external pressure (hydrostatic loading, deviatory stress and dynamic loading) and not by irradiation, whilst Young's modulus was measured to check if there was any correlation between the two mechanisms. A study of the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline graphite hydrostatically loaded up to 200MPa are reported. Gilsocarbon specimens (isotropic) and Pile Grade A (PGA) specimens are (anisotropic in nature) were investigated. Strain measurements were made in the axial and circumferential directions of cylindrical samples by using strain gauges. Dynamic Young's modulus was also investigated from the propagation velocity of an ultrasonic wave. Porosity measurements are made to determine the change in the porosity before and after deformation and also their contribution towards the compression and dilatation of graphite under pressure. Graphite crystal orientation during loading was also investigated by using XRD (X-ray diffraction) pole figures. Effective medium models were also investigated to describe the effect of porosity on graphite elastic modulus. All the graphite specimens investigated exhibited non-linear pressure- volumetric strain behaviour in both direction (axial and circumferencial). In most of the experiments, the deformation was closing porosity despite new porosity being generated. Under hydrostatic loading, PGA graphite initially stiff then it became less stiff after a few percent of volume strain and then after about ~20% volumetric strain they stiffen up again, whist Gilsocarbon showed similar behaviour at lower volumetric strain (~10-13%). Gilsocarbon was stiff than PGA; this behaviour is due to the fact that Gilsocarbon has higher density and lower porosity than PGA. During unloading, a large hysteresis was formed. The stressed grains are relieved; the initial closed pores began to reopen. It is suggested that during this stage, the volume of pore re-opening superseded the volume of pores closing, the graphite sample volume almost fully recovered. In the axial compression test, PGA perpendicular to the extrusion direction (PGA-AG) was less stiff than PGA parallel to the extrusion direction (PGA-WG); in the hydrostatic compaction test, the PGA-WG sample deformed more because it had to undergo a less complicated shape change. This is because the symmetry of their anisotropy is parallel to the symmetry of the sample. The Pole figures showed an evidence of slight crystal reorientation after hydrostatic loaded up to 200MPa. The effective medium model revealed the importance of porosity interaction in graphite during loading.

O PVC é um dos principais polímeros termoplásticos da atualidade graças à sua grande versatilidade. Entretanto, uma de suas características é a baixa estabilidade térmica, sendo necessário o emprego de aditivos em sua estrutura. Uma das maiores preocupações mundiais é a segurança, sendo que muitos produtos levam proteção anti-chama em sua composição. Entre os vários agentes retardadores de chama a grafite aparece como um material promissor e pouco estudado. No presente trabalho foi estudada uma série de grafites com propriedades anti-chama oriundas de óxido de grafite \"flake\". O óxido de grafite foi submetido a vários tratamentos térmicos em atmosfera para a obtenção de grafites expandidas. O comportamento anti-chama dessas grafites foi testado adicionando-se 20% em peso no PVC. Membranas desses compósitos foram preparadas utilizando-se um \"doctor blade\". Os compósitos de grafites produzidas foram caracterizados por microscopia de varredura eletrônica e análise térmica. Isotermas de adsorção/dessorção de N2 também foram coletadas para determinação de área superficial específica e distribuição de poros. A grafite com melhores propriedades anti-chama foi aquela obtida em temperatura mais elevada, 900oC, ou seja, a grafite com mais elevada área superficial específica e com maior capacidade de produção de fuligem. / PVC is one of the most important thermoplastic polymers because of its versatility. However, like other polymers, for many technological uses, there is a need to enhance its thermal stability. Security is a global concern, so, the use of some fire retardants is required in polymer composites. Expanded graphite appears as a cleaner type of fire retardants, not well known yet. In the present work, expanded graphite obtained from the graphite oxide was studied. It were prepared PVC composite-membranes with 20 weight % of expanded graphite employing Doctor Blade. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were also collected for the determination of specific surface area and porous distribuition. The results show that the best fire retardant behaviour was achieved by the expanded graphite at 900oC, the graphite with the higher specific surface area and with the largest capacity of soot production.

L’utilisation des additifs conventionnels (MoDTC, ZnDTP) dans les lubrifiants pour réduire le frottement et l’usure de pièces frottantes ont montré des limitations. Afin de pallier les faiblesses de ces additifs de nouvelles stratégies de lubrification ont été développées en utilisant des particules colloïdales de phases réductrices de frottement et d’usure. Les travaux antérieurs ont montré que l’introduction d’un lubrifiant solide composé de nanoparticules lamellaires en présence d’un liquide de faible viscosité entraînait une réduction spectaculaire du coefficient de frottement. L’objectif principal de la thèse est donc l’élucidation des mécanismes d’action mis en œuvre lors de ce processus de réduction du frottement. L’ensemble des résultats expérimentaux, acquis au cours des essais réalisés sur les films de nanoparticules (graphite exfolié et CND-G) en présence de pentane ou en présence de dispersion de nanoparticules dans le dodécane, à l’aide d’un tribomètre alternatif à géométrie sphère/plan, nous a permis de montrer que le processus de réduction du frottement est lié à la formation d’un contact conforme par constitution d’un film épais de nanoparticules agglomérées dans la zone de pénombre de Hertz conduit au changement de régime de lubrification limite vers un régime mixte ou EHD. Les analyses physico-chimiques du contact en glissement lubrifié par spectrométrie Raman in situ nous a permis de montrer que le film lubrifiant est constitué de la dispersion de nanoparticules dans le liquide et que le processus spécifique de réduction du frottement est aussi associé à l’orientation des nanoparticules parallèlement aux surfaces de glissement. / The use of conventional additives (MoDTC, ZnDTP) in lubricants to reduce friction and wear of friction parts have shown limitations. To overcome the limitations of these additives new lubrication strategies were developed using friction reducer colloidal particles. Previous work has shown that the introduction of a solid lubricant composed of nanoparticles dispersed in the lubricating base oil presenting a low viscosity has shown a reduction of the friction. The aim of the thesis is the elucidation of the mechanisms of action used during the process of friction reduction. All the experimental results acquired during the tests on the films of nanoparticles (exfoliated graphite and CND-G) in the presence of pentane or presence of nanoparticles dispersion in dodecane, using a alternating tribometer geometry sphere / plan allowed us to show that the friction reducing process is related to the formation of a conform contact by the formation of a thick film of agglomerated nanoparticles in Hertz penumbra that led to a transition of lubrication boundary regime to a mixed or EHD regime. The physicochemical analyzes of sliding contact by in situ spectrometry Raman in situ allowed us to show that the lubricant film is composed of the dispersion of nanoparticles in the liquid and the specific friction reduction mechanims is also associated to the orientation of nanoparticles parallel to the sliding surfaces.

Les fontes à graphite sphéroïdal sont aujourd’hui très largement utilisées en raison de leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques. La forme sphéroïdale du graphite est obtenue le plus souvent par l’ajout de magnésium ou de cérium lors de l’élaboration des fontes. Le graphite sphéroïdal peut être obtenu par graphitisation à l'état solide des fontes totalement ou partiellement solidifiées dans le système métastable. L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’effet du traitement de graphitisation à l’état solide sur la croissance du graphite nodulaire d’une fonte à paroi mince qui présente une structure truitée à l'état brut de coulée. Cette fonte a été étudiée par microscopie optique, microscopies électronique à balayage et en transmission, spectroscopie Raman et spectroscopie de perte d'énergie des électrons. Des traitements thermiques assurant une graphitisation totale et partielle pour décomposer la cémentite formée à la solidification en graphite et en austénite ont été réalisés. Les nodules deviennent plus nombreux et leur taille augmente en fonction du temps de graphitisation. La microstructure après traitement thermique est composée de nodules de graphite et de ferrite. La spectroscopie Raman a été utilisée pour caractériser les nodules de graphite d’échantillons ayant été entièrement graphitisés à différentes températures dans le domaine austénitique. L’analyse par spectroscopie Raman ne montre aucune différence significative entre les spectres Raman enregistrés sur le graphite formé lors de la solidification et à l’état solide. Les caractérisations microstructurales par microscopie électronique en transmission montrent que le graphite à l’état brut de coulée présente une structure caractérisée par une zone interne où le graphite est désorienté. Une déformation mécanique due à la contraction lors de la solidification métastable induit la formation de cette zone. Cette zone disparaît par recristallisation après traitement de graphitisation totale pour former à la fin des secteurs coniques rayonnant à partir du germe et se développant vers la périphérie. Les résultats de ces travaux ont permis une meilleure compréhension de la structure de graphite nodulaire à l’état solide et montre aussi que le mécanisme de croissance du graphite nodulaire est le même lors de la solidification et de la transformation à l'état solide. / Spheroidal graphite iron castings are today widely used because of their good mechanical properties. The spheroidal shape of graphite is most often obtained by the addition of magnesium or cerium during the casting process. Spheroidal graphite can be formed at the solid-state by graphitization of cast irons which solidified partly or totally in the metastable system. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of solid-state graphitization treatment on the growth of nodular graphite of a thin wall casting which has a mottled structure at the as-cast state. This cast iron was studied using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Heat treatments ensuring a total and partial graphitization to decompose the cementite formed at the solidification in graphite and austenite were realized. The nodules become more numerous and their size increases according to the time of graphitization. The microstructure after heat treatment is composed of graphite nodules and ferrite. Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize graphite nodules in as-cast state and in samples having been fully graphitized at various temperatures in the austenite field. The results show no significant difference between Raman spectra recorded on these various samples, suggesting graphite grows with the same mechanism during either solidification or hightemperature (so-called first stage) graphitization. Transmission electron microscopy characterizations show that nodules in the as-cast material presents a multi-fold structure characterized by an inner zone where graphite is misoriented and an outer zone where it is well crystallized. In heat-treated samples, graphite nodules consist of well crystallized sectors radiating from the nucleus. These observations suggest that the misoriented zone appears because of mechanical deformation when the liquid contracts during its solidification. During heat-treatment, this zone disappears by recrystallization. The results of the present work lead to a better understanding of the nodular graphite structure in the solid state and also show that nodular graphite growth mechanism is the same during solidification and solid-state transformation.

Les aciers inoxydables austénitiques sont très utilisés dans l’industrie. Reconnus pour leur résistance à la corrosion, ils le sont également pour leur forte susceptibilité à l’usure adhésive (grippage). Cela a pour conséquence une dégradation accélérée des matériaux, ce qui conduit à des pannes brutales, à des pertes de performances et à une augmentation des coûts d’exploitation. Le CETIM et le CIRIMAT explorent des solutions basées sur des revêtements protecteurs afin de diminuer le coefficient de frottement et le volume d’usure. Des sols chargés en carbone sont élaborés et déposés par trempage-retrait sur des substrats en acier inoxydable 304L. Après gélification et traitement thermique en atmosphère inerte, des revêtements carbone-céramique d’une épaisseur d’environ 2 à 7 μm sont obtenus. Deux matrices (alumine et alumine-silice) sont étudiées, ainsi que différentes charges carbonées: du graphite commercial et des nanotubes de carbone (NTC) dont le nombre de parois moyen est égal à 2, 8 ou 20. Des essais tribologiques rotatifs bille-plan réalisés selon la norme ASTM G99 (bille en acier, charge normale 2N, vitesse 10 cm/s, 250 m de glissement) ont montré que les revêtements graphite-alumine présentent un plus faible coefficient de frottement et une plus faible usure que les revêtements alumine et NTC-alumine. Nous montrons que la surface totale de carbone disponible dans l’échantillon est le paramètre pertinent et que l’exfoliation progressive du graphite en graphène oligocouche (2-5) pendant l’essai permet de générer in situ de nouvelles surfaces, tandis que les NTC ne subissent pas d’endommagement majeur. Nous mettons en évidence la formation d’un tribofilm lubrifiant au contact bille/revêtements composites. Nous nous sommes donc orientés vers la pré-exfoliation du graphite dans le sol par différentes méthodes. Nous mettons en évidence qu’une méthode impliquant de grandes contraintes de cisaillement permet la pré-exfoliation efficace du graphite, la surface de carbone étant alors 1300 fois plus grande qu’avec la dispersion par sonde à ultrasons. Nous montrons que ce sont les échantillons GBC-alumine qui présentent les plus faibles volumes d’usure (0,0023 mm3) et coefficient de frottement (0,14) de ce travail. Le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’adhérence du revêtement au substrat et du comportement tribologique des revêtements lors d’un essai industriel sévère (ASTM G133). Il est notamment mis en évidence que les revêtements à matrice alumine-silice présentent une meilleure adhérence que ceux à matrice alumine. / Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in industry. Recognized for their resistance to corrosion, they are also known for their high susceptibility to adhesive wear (seizure). This results in accelerated material degradation leading to sudden failures, loss of performance and increased operating costs. CETIM and CIRIMAT are actively exploring solutions based on protective coatings in order to reduce the friction coefficient and the wear volume. Carbon-loaded sols are prepared and deposited by dip-coating on 304L stainless steel substrates. After gelation and heat-treatment in an inert atmosphere, carbon-ceramic coatings about 2 to 7 μm thick are obtained. Two matrices (alumina and alumina-silica) are studied, as well as different carbonaceous fillers: commercial graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNT) with an average number of walls equal to 2, 8 or 20. Rotative friction tests performed according to the ASTM G99 standard (steel ball, normal load 2N, velocity 10 cm/s, distance 250 m) have shown that the graphite-alumina coatings show a lower friction coefficient and a lower wear than the alumina- and CNT-alumina coatings. We show that the total available carbon surface area in the sample is the relevant parameter and that the progressive exfoliation of graphite to flew-layered-graphene (2-5) during the test generates new surfaces in situ whereas the CNT do not sustain any major damage. We bring to light the formation of a lubricating tribofilm in the contact between the friction ball and the composite coating. Therefore, we have focused on the pre-exfoliation of graphite in the sol by different methods. We show that a method involving high shear stresses allows an efficient pre-exfoliation of graphite, the carbon surface area being 1300 times higher than when performing the dispersion using an ultrasonic probe. We show that the BLG-alumina samples have the lowest wear volumes (0.0023 mm3) and friction coefficient (0.14) reported in this work. The last chapter is devoted to the study of the adhesion of the coating to the substrate and to the tribological behavior of the coatings in a severe industrial test (ASTM G133). It is notably demonstrated that the alumina-silica matrix coatings show a better adhesion than the alumina-matrix ones.