Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) is a unique method of psychotherapy that uses music and spontaneous imagery while the client is in a non-ordinary state of consciousness (NOSC). Therapists in any therapeutic modality including GIM have a wide range of unanticipated reactions to clients' experiences. Studies have indicated that reactions of the therapist can lead to different interventions and can impact the outcome of the session and perceived effectiveness as a therapist. Because GIM therapists often work with clients who have extensive emotional and physical issues, it is possible that the therapists have strong reactions to clients’ experiences, which can lead to burnout. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to explore therapists’ experience of unanticipated reactions through the within-case and cross-case analysis using phenomenology outlined by Moustakas (1994). Findings suggested that the GIM therapist had certain expectations in GIM and it was normal for the GIM therapist to have unanticipated reactions to clients' experiences when those expectations were not met. There were several factors that affected the decision-making of GIM therapists after unanticipated reactions, including self-mediation, cognitive foundation, self-awareness, therapist's past experiences, trust, surrender, being present, integration, and self-care. Findings also suggested that GIM therapists could deal with unanticipated reactions within the scope of practice as they engage in personal-growth, self-care, and continuing education. Two guidelines were proposed to understand the process of GIM therapists in their moments of unanticipated reactions. Limitations and implications for further studies were discussed. / Music Therapy

Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att utföra Guided Imagery på barn- "Wow alltså, det är en väldig power i den här metoden". Syfte. Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda Guided Imagery [GI] på barn. Bakgrund. Rädsla är vanligt förekommande inom barnsjukvården vilken kan tendera i ökad rädsla vid nästa sjukvårdskontakt. Distraktionssätt såsom GI kan vara effektivt för att reducera dessa känslor och stärka barnen så de får ökat självförtroende och ökad känsla av kontroll. Design. Semi strukturerade intervjuer användes för datainsamling och kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes till dataanalys. Metod. Sju sjuksköterskor som hade genomgått utbildning i GI och utfört det på barn intervjuades under våren 2016 med semistrukturerade intervjuer som spelades in och transkriberades ordagrant. Sjuksköterskorna valdes ut med hjälp av snöbollsurval och materialet analyserades med Kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat. Analysen av sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att använda GI på barn resulterade i två kategorier: att kunna hjälpa barnen och att inte komma till skott, vilka huvudsakligen handlar om sjuksköterskornas positiva erfarenheter av att kunna hjälpa barnen samt deras erfarna faktorer som försvårar möjligheten att inte komma till skott. Konklusion. GI är enligt sjuksköterskorna tillämpbar inom barnsjukvården med gott resultat och erfors ge barnen kontroll, självförtroende och redskap att ta sig igenom en svår situation. Däremot finns faktorer som försvårar implementeringen av GI på sjuksköterskornas arbetsplatser och framtida forskning kan fokusera på att hitta instrument som kan vara tillämpbara att övervinna barriärerna. Nyckelord: barn, distraktionssätt, erfarenheter, Guided Imagery, kvalitativ innehållsanalys, omvårdnad, sjuksköterskor.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a debilitating and chronic condition with an array of symptoms, the most distinguishable being widespread pain. FMS patients experience a marked decrease in quality of life related to intensity of symptoms. Current treatment options and pharmaceuticals do not provide adequate relief. This thesis examines integrative and complementary therapy options for symptom management and improvement of quality of life for FMS patients. A literature review was conducted of English current research using multiple databases. Findings indicate mindful movement therapies (MMT) such as yoga and tai chi, mindfulness, sensory-related relaxation techniques with guided imagery, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) provided some relief and increased in perceived quality of life (QoL).

Nas últimas décadas, o câncer tornou-se um problema de saúde pública mundial; seu diagnóstico e tratamento causam significantes morbidades físicas e psicológicas, comprometendo a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) dos sobreviventes. Terapias Complementares e Alternativas, como as terapias mente-corpo, tem sido usadas por pacientes com câncer para reduzir sintomas e outros efeitos colaterais do tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção de Enfermagem: Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada (visualização) sobre a QVRS e sobre a depressão de pacientes adultos com câncer durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, longitudinal e prospectivo, realizado no Centro Especializado de Oncologia e na Central de Quimioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois Grupos: Controle e Intervenção (GC e GI) e o GI foi submetido às sessões de relaxamento com imagem guiada durante o tratamento quimioterápico; ambos os grupos responderam aos questionários de QVRS (EORTC QLQ-C30) e de depressão (Inventário de Depressão de Beck) no início, meio e final do tratamento. Resultados: a amostra total e por grupo (baseline) foi composta na maioria por mulheres, entre 40 e 59 anos, casadas, aposentadas ou donas de casa, católicas, residentes em Ribeirão Preto, com baixo nível de escolaridade (ensino fundamental). Os cânceres mais frequentes foram: mama, intestinal e gástrico. No tempo 1, ambos os grupos apresentaram como sintomas mais frequentes: dor, fadiga, insônia e perda de apetite e estavam \'sem depressão\'. No decorrer do estudo, na comparação entre grupos, diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas, em T1 com o GC apresentando melhores escores para EGS/ QV geral, função social e náuseas e vômitos. Em T2, as diferenças foram significantes para função física e em T3 para as funções física, emocional, desempenho de papel, fadiga e náuseas e vômitos, com melhores escores para o GI. Na comparação entre os tempos, o GC teve prejuízo nas funções física, emocional e social, náuseas e vômitos e constipação, enquanto que o GI apresentou melhora da função emocional. De acordo com o IDB, as diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos e entre os tempos, com o GI apresentando mais pacientes \'sem depressão\' do que o GC. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram que a intervenção de relaxamento com imagem guiada foi eficaz para melhorar a QVRS em várias funções (física, emocional, desempenho de papel), sintomas (náuseas e vômitos, dor, insônia, perda de apetite) e depressão. Esta técnica simples, de baixo-custo, segura e benéfica levou a um relaxamento físico e mental do paciente, observado através dos parâmetros fisiológicos e instrumentos de QVRS e depressão utilizados, confirmando a hipótese de que o Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada proporciona melhora na QVRS e na depressão de pacientes adultos com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico. Espera-se que a prática da intervenção Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada seja divulgada e difundida no trabalho do dia-a-dia do enfermeiro, para que em um futuro próximo, possa beneficiar os pacientes oncológicos com estas terapias. / In recent decades, cancer has become a public health problem worldwide; the diagnosis and its treatment cause significant physical and psychological morbidity, compromising Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of survivors. Complementary and Alternative Therapies, such as mind-body therapies, has been used by cancer patients to reduce symptoms and other side effects of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effects of nursing interventions: Relaxation with Guided Imagery (visualization) on HRQoL and on depression in adult patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Methodology: quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study conducted in the Specialized Oncology Center and in the Chemotherapy Center of Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups: Control and Intervention (CG and IG) and IG received relaxation sessions with guided imagery during chemotherapy, both groups responded to questionnaires about HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) at the beginning, middle and end of treatment. Results: The total sample and by group (baseline) was composed mostly of women, between 40 and 59 years old, married, retired or housewives, Catholic, living in Ribeirão Preto, with a low educational level (elementary school). The most common cancers were breast, bowel and gastric. At one time, both groups showed most common symptoms: pain, fatigue, insomnia and loss of appetite and were \'not depressed\'. During the study, the comparison between groups, statistically significant differences were found in T1 with CG showing better scores for global QoL, social functioning, and nausea and vomiting. In T2, the differences were significant for physical functioning and T3 to physical functioning, emotional functioning, role functioning, fatigue, and nausea and vomiting, with better scores for IG. Comparing the times, the CG had impairment in physical, emotional and social functioning, nausea and vomiting, and constipation, while the IG showed improvement in emotional functioning. According to the BDI, the differences were statistically significant between groups and between times, with most patients of IG presenting \'no depression\' than the CG. Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention of relaxation with guided imagery was effective for improving HRQoL in various functions (physical, emotional and role functioning), symptoms (nausea and vomiting, pain, insomnia, loss of appetite) and depression. This technique is simple, low-cost, safe and beneficial and this intervention led to a physical and mental relaxation of the patient, observed through the physiological parameters and HRQoL and depression instruments used, confirming the hypothesis that Relaxation with Guided Imagery provides improvement in HRQoL and depression in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is hoped that the practice of intervention of Relaxation with Guided Imagery is disclosed and disseminated in the day-to-day nursing, so that in the near future, patients with cancer can benefit from these therapies

Nas últimas décadas, o câncer tornou-se um problema de saúde pública mundial; seu diagnóstico e tratamento causam significantes morbidades físicas e psicológicas, comprometendo a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) dos sobreviventes. Terapias Complementares e Alternativas, como as terapias mente-corpo, tem sido usadas por pacientes com câncer para reduzir sintomas e outros efeitos colaterais do tratamento. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da intervenção de Enfermagem: Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada (visualização) sobre a QVRS e sobre a depressão de pacientes adultos com câncer durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, longitudinal e prospectivo, realizado no Centro Especializado de Oncologia e na Central de Quimioterapia do Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois Grupos: Controle e Intervenção (GC e GI) e o GI foi submetido às sessões de relaxamento com imagem guiada durante o tratamento quimioterápico; ambos os grupos responderam aos questionários de QVRS (EORTC QLQ-C30) e de depressão (Inventário de Depressão de Beck) no início, meio e final do tratamento. Resultados: a amostra total e por grupo (baseline) foi composta na maioria por mulheres, entre 40 e 59 anos, casadas, aposentadas ou donas de casa, católicas, residentes em Ribeirão Preto, com baixo nível de escolaridade (ensino fundamental). Os cânceres mais frequentes foram: mama, intestinal e gástrico. No tempo 1, ambos os grupos apresentaram como sintomas mais frequentes: dor, fadiga, insônia e perda de apetite e estavam \'sem depressão\'. No decorrer do estudo, na comparação entre grupos, diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas, em T1 com o GC apresentando melhores escores para EGS/ QV geral, função social e náuseas e vômitos. Em T2, as diferenças foram significantes para função física e em T3 para as funções física, emocional, desempenho de papel, fadiga e náuseas e vômitos, com melhores escores para o GI. Na comparação entre os tempos, o GC teve prejuízo nas funções física, emocional e social, náuseas e vômitos e constipação, enquanto que o GI apresentou melhora da função emocional. De acordo com o IDB, as diferenças foram estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos e entre os tempos, com o GI apresentando mais pacientes \'sem depressão\' do que o GC. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram que a intervenção de relaxamento com imagem guiada foi eficaz para melhorar a QVRS em várias funções (física, emocional, desempenho de papel), sintomas (náuseas e vômitos, dor, insônia, perda de apetite) e depressão. Esta técnica simples, de baixo-custo, segura e benéfica levou a um relaxamento físico e mental do paciente, observado através dos parâmetros fisiológicos e instrumentos de QVRS e depressão utilizados, confirmando a hipótese de que o Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada proporciona melhora na QVRS e na depressão de pacientes adultos com câncer em tratamento quimioterápico. Espera-se que a prática da intervenção Relaxamento com Imagem Guiada seja divulgada e difundida no trabalho do dia-a-dia do enfermeiro, para que em um futuro próximo, possa beneficiar os pacientes oncológicos com estas terapias. / In recent decades, cancer has become a public health problem worldwide; the diagnosis and its treatment cause significant physical and psychological morbidity, compromising Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of survivors. Complementary and Alternative Therapies, such as mind-body therapies, has been used by cancer patients to reduce symptoms and other side effects of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effects of nursing interventions: Relaxation with Guided Imagery (visualization) on HRQoL and on depression in adult patients with cancer during chemotherapy. Methodology: quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study conducted in the Specialized Oncology Center and in the Chemotherapy Center of Clinical Hospital, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. The patients were divided into two groups: Control and Intervention (CG and IG) and IG received relaxation sessions with guided imagery during chemotherapy, both groups responded to questionnaires about HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) at the beginning, middle and end of treatment. Results: The total sample and by group (baseline) was composed mostly of women, between 40 and 59 years old, married, retired or housewives, Catholic, living in Ribeirão Preto, with a low educational level (elementary school). The most common cancers were breast, bowel and gastric. At one time, both groups showed most common symptoms: pain, fatigue, insomnia and loss of appetite and were \'not depressed\'. During the study, the comparison between groups, statistically significant differences were found in T1 with CG showing better scores for global QoL, social functioning, and nausea and vomiting. In T2, the differences were significant for physical functioning and T3 to physical functioning, emotional functioning, role functioning, fatigue, and nausea and vomiting, with better scores for IG. Comparing the times, the CG had impairment in physical, emotional and social functioning, nausea and vomiting, and constipation, while the IG showed improvement in emotional functioning. According to the BDI, the differences were statistically significant between groups and between times, with most patients of IG presenting \'no depression\' than the CG. Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention of relaxation with guided imagery was effective for improving HRQoL in various functions (physical, emotional and role functioning), symptoms (nausea and vomiting, pain, insomnia, loss of appetite) and depression. This technique is simple, low-cost, safe and beneficial and this intervention led to a physical and mental relaxation of the patient, observed through the physiological parameters and HRQoL and depression instruments used, confirming the hypothesis that Relaxation with Guided Imagery provides improvement in HRQoL and depression in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It is hoped that the practice of intervention of Relaxation with Guided Imagery is disclosed and disseminated in the day-to-day nursing, so that in the near future, patients with cancer can benefit from these therapies

The problem of this study was to determine if career awareness groups which use Guided Imagery (GI) and the California Occupational Preference System (COPS), both individually and in combination, have a positive effect on career attitude maturity, oi* disabled college students as measured by the Career Maturity Inventory Attitude Scale (CMI-A). This study involved three experimental groups (GI, COPS, & GI-COPS) and a control group. Participants included thirty-two volunteer disabled college students attending four community colleges in an urban area in the Southwest (Texas). There were eight volunteers per campus, and each campus constituted a group. Each group met once for 120 minutes. After consent was obtained, subjects completed the CMI-A. The general sequence was: introduction; instructions specific to the group condition; presentation of assigned stimulus condition; group discussion of reactions to the presented stimulus; control group members completed the post administration of the CMI-A; and group members' completion of the post administration of the CMI-A, with the exception of the control group which discussed reactions to the presented stimulus.

De nombreuses études ont démontré que les adolescents qui subissent une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose éprouvent des douleurs postopératoires intenses et cela pendant plusieurs jours après leur chirurgie. L’originalité de cette étude de type quasi-expérimental, consistait à réaliser un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (gestion de la douleur) sur la douleur, l’anxiété, le coping et le retour aux activités d’adolescents ayant subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose. Prenant appui sur la théorie du portillon (Melzack & Casey, 1968) et sur la théorie transactionnelle du stress et coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), quatre hypothèses ont été retenues en vue de vérifier l’effet de cette intervention. Trente et un adolescents, âgés entre 13 et 19 ans ont été répartis en deux groupes de façon aléatoire. Les participantes du groupe expérimental devaient visionner un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à de l’information sur la gestion de la douleur en période préopératoire, au moment du congé de l’hôpital et ce, au moins trois fois par semaine sur une période d’un mois post congé. De plus, ce groupe continuait à recevoir les soins usuels. Les participants du groupe contrôle ne recevaient que les soins usuels. Les instruments de mesure utilisés furent le questionnaire concis de la douleur (QCD) (Larue F, Colleau, Brasseur, & Cleeland, 1995), l’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y) (Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993) et l’inventaire du coping face à la douleur pédiatrique (Spicher, 2003). Quatre temps de mesure ont été planifiés, soit la journée avant la chirurgie, au congé de l’hôpital, au 14ième jour post congé et lors de la visite à la clinique d’orthopédie à un mois post congé. Les résultats montraient que les deux groupes étaient équivalents en ce qui concernait les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les variables dépendantes. Les participants du groupe expérimental présentaient une douleur générale ressentie dans le dernier 24 heures plus basse au 14ième jour (p = 0,012) et un mois après leur congé de l’hôpital (p = 0,049). Certaines activités quotidiennes ont démontré une différence significative au 14ième jour soit : les activités scolaires ou de travail (p = 0,046), et les activités de soutien vital (manger, dormir) (p = 0,024), Par contre, nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative au niveau de l’anxiété situationnelle et des stratégies adaptatives de coping entre les deux groupes. L’auteur conclut que le niveau de douleur postopératoire des adolescents qui ont subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose peut être réduit par un visionnement d’un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (information sur la douleur). De plus, ceci semble avoir un effet positif sur le retour plus rapide de certaines activités quotidiennes. / Several studies have shown that a spinal fusion surgery to repair scoliosis is a distressing experience for adolescents. This type of surgery involves extensive surgical lesions to soft tissues and bones that result in severe post-operative pain levels which can last several days after the surgery. Recent studies have reported significant results from interventions testing cognitive-behavioral therapies to help children and adolescents cope with acute pain experiences. The present study was designed to develop and to verify the effectiveness of a home- based guided imagery and relaxation intervention, combined to an educational intervention, presented through a DVD, on adolescent’s postoperative pain, anxiety, coping and activities of daily living following a spinal fusion. The theory of stress and coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) was the conceptual framework for this randomized controlled trial study. Between April and December 2010, thirty-one adolescents 13 to 19 years of age were assigned randomly to receive either standard medical care or standard medical care with the home- based guided intervention (DVD). Participants from the experimental group were introduced to the intervention before the surgery and before discharge home. Postoperative recalls regarding the intervention were offered by telephone two weeks after the patient was discharged home. The Brief Pain Questionnaire (French version) was used to assess adolescents’ usual activities and pain. The anxiety was measured using the child/adolescent version of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (French version), and the coping strategies were measured by using the French version of the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory. Data collection, using these questionnaires, was performed before the surgery, before discharge home, two weeks post-discharge and one month following discharge from the hospital. Results have shown that there were no differences among the groups before the surgery on gender, age, daily activities, anxiety, adaptive strategies on coping and pain. Participants of the experimental group presented a lower mean on pain intensity two weeks (p = 0,012) and one month after being discharged home (p = 0,049). Significant results were obtained in the experimental group at two weeks post-discharge regarding some of the activities of daily living: school or working activities (p = 0,046) and vital support activities (eg. eat, sleep) (p = 0,024), On the other hand, we did not observe significant differences between both groups on all other variables. Guided imagery and relaxation intervention combined to an educational intervention was superior to standard care for the treatment of postoperative pain two weeks and one month after returning home. Furthermore, this intervention seems to have a positive effect on the resuming by adolescents of some of their activities at home.

O tratamento radioterápico é considerado como uma das modalidades terapêuticas padrão para os cânceres de cabeça e pescoço, cujo objetivo é controlar a evolução do tumor com o menor dano possível aos tecidos e órgãos normais adjacentes, porém, apesar de apresentar a vantagem de preservar a estrutura dos tecidos, pode acarretar reações adversas que se manifestam na cavidade oral, e também efeitos colaterais físicos generalizados, sendo a fadiga o mais comum. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da Prática Integrativa e Complementar - Relaxamento com Visualização Guiada, sobre a redução do sintoma de fadiga e melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde, durante o tratamento radioterápico. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, de corte longitudinal e prospectivo, com a participação de 102 pacientes em início de tratamento radioterápico, com a alocação intencional em dois grupos, o de Intervenção (n=42) e o de Comparação (n=60). Apenas os participantes do Grupo Intervenção realizaram a prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada durante o tratamento radioterápico, porém, todos os participantes responderam aos questionários de avaliação. Foram utilizados os questionários de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (FACT H&N) e a Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada. A prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada foi aplicada pela pesquisadora do estudo, por meio de uma gravação de áudio contendo comandos verbais, os quais guiavam o paciente para a realização da prática. Para avaliar o efeito da intervenção entre os grupos intervenção e de controle, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão logística multinomial, estimando razões de chance (odds ratios) por pontos e respectivos erros-padrão (Ep). Resultados: na etapa descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, evidenciou-se a predominância do sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 41 e 60 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, aposentados, católicos, em uso regular de álcool e tabaco, câncer de orofaringe, em estádio IV. Foram evidenciadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em relação às variáveis procedência, estado civil e \"tipo de cirurgia\" e os valores-p foram, respectivamente, p=0,000, p= 0,002 e p=0,027. Na etapa analítica evidenciou-se que o relaxamento com visualização guiada mostrou-se efetivo em especial para os domínios global, comportamental e sensorial na segunda aplicação (T2), e afetivo e sensorial na terceira aplicação (T3), levando à redução do sintoma de fadiga, e quanto à Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que o relaxamento com visualização guiada não teve efeito na melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde durante o tratamento radioterápico nos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, mas reduziu os níveis de fadiga. Trata-se de uma prática de baixo custo, a qual mostrou-se efetiva na redução do sintoma de fadiga, portanto, seu uso deve ser divulgado na prática dos cuidados aos pacientes oncológicos / Radiation therapy is considered to be one of the standard therapeutic modalities for head and neck cancers in order to control tumor evolution with the lowest possible damage to adjacent normal tissues and organs. Although it has the advantage of preserving the structure of tissues, it can lead to adverse reactions occurring in the oral cavity, as well as generalized physical side effects, being fatigue the most common of them. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an Integrative and Complementary Practice - Relaxation with Guided Imagery, on the reduction of fatigue symptom and improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life, during the radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: A quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with the participation of 102 patients at the beginning of radiotherapy, intentionally allocated in two groups: Intervention (n=42) and Comparison (n = 60). While only the participants of the Intervention Group performed the relaxation practice with guided imagery during the radiotherapy treatment, all the participants answered the evaluation questionnaires. The HealthRelated Quality of Life questionnaires (FACT-H&N) and the revised Piper Fatigue Scale were used. The practice of relaxation with guided imagery was applied by the researcher of the study, through an audio recording containing verbal commands, which guided the patient to perform the practice. To evaluate the effects of the intervention comparing the intervention and control groups, it was used multinomial logistic regression technique in order to estimate odds ratios by points and their respective standard errors (SE). Results: the descriptive stage found in the sociodemographic and clinical data, the prevalence of males, age between 41 and 60 years old, low level of schooling, retirees, Catholics, regular use of alcohol and tobacco, as well as oropharynx cancer in stage IV. There were statistically significant differences between the groups related to the variables place of residence, marital status and \"type of surgery\", while the p-values were respectively, p=0.000, p=0.002 and p = 0.027. In the analytical stage, it was observed that the relaxation with guided imagery was effective for the global, behavioral and sensorial domains in the second application (T2), as well as for the affective and sensorial domains in the third application (T3), leading to the reduction of the fatigue symptoms, while there was no statistically significant difference between the groups related to Health-Related Quality of Life. Conclusion: The results showed that while guided imagery relaxation had no effect on the improvement of the Health-Related Quality of Life during the radiotherapy treatment in patients with head and neck cancer, it still reduced fatigue levels. It is a low-cost practice, which has proved effective in reducing the fatigue symptoms, so its use must be disseminated in caring practices directed to cancer patients

De nombreuses études ont démontré que les adolescents qui subissent une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose éprouvent des douleurs postopératoires intenses et cela pendant plusieurs jours après leur chirurgie. L’originalité de cette étude de type quasi-expérimental, consistait à réaliser un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (gestion de la douleur) sur la douleur, l’anxiété, le coping et le retour aux activités d’adolescents ayant subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose. Prenant appui sur la théorie du portillon (Melzack & Casey, 1968) et sur la théorie transactionnelle du stress et coping (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), quatre hypothèses ont été retenues en vue de vérifier l’effet de cette intervention. Trente et un adolescents, âgés entre 13 et 19 ans ont été répartis en deux groupes de façon aléatoire. Les participantes du groupe expérimental devaient visionner un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à de l’information sur la gestion de la douleur en période préopératoire, au moment du congé de l’hôpital et ce, au moins trois fois par semaine sur une période d’un mois post congé. De plus, ce groupe continuait à recevoir les soins usuels. Les participants du groupe contrôle ne recevaient que les soins usuels. Les instruments de mesure utilisés furent le questionnaire concis de la douleur (QCD) (Larue F, Colleau, Brasseur, & Cleeland, 1995), l’inventaire d’anxiété situationnelle et de trait d’anxiété (IASTA-Y) (Gauthier & Bouchard, 1993) et l’inventaire du coping face à la douleur pédiatrique (Spicher, 2003). Quatre temps de mesure ont été planifiés, soit la journée avant la chirurgie, au congé de l’hôpital, au 14ième jour post congé et lors de la visite à la clinique d’orthopédie à un mois post congé. Les résultats montraient que les deux groupes étaient équivalents en ce qui concernait les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et les variables dépendantes. Les participants du groupe expérimental présentaient une douleur générale ressentie dans le dernier 24 heures plus basse au 14ième jour (p = 0,012) et un mois après leur congé de l’hôpital (p = 0,049). Certaines activités quotidiennes ont démontré une différence significative au 14ième jour soit : les activités scolaires ou de travail (p = 0,046), et les activités de soutien vital (manger, dormir) (p = 0,024), Par contre, nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative au niveau de l’anxiété situationnelle et des stratégies adaptatives de coping entre les deux groupes. L’auteur conclut que le niveau de douleur postopératoire des adolescents qui ont subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose peut être réduit par un visionnement d’un DVD sur une technique d’imagerie guidée et de relaxation combinée à une intervention éducative (information sur la douleur). De plus, ceci semble avoir un effet positif sur le retour plus rapide de certaines activités quotidiennes. / Several studies have shown that a spinal fusion surgery to repair scoliosis is a distressing experience for adolescents. This type of surgery involves extensive surgical lesions to soft tissues and bones that result in severe post-operative pain levels which can last several days after the surgery. Recent studies have reported significant results from interventions testing cognitive-behavioral therapies to help children and adolescents cope with acute pain experiences. The present study was designed to develop and to verify the effectiveness of a home- based guided imagery and relaxation intervention, combined to an educational intervention, presented through a DVD, on adolescent’s postoperative pain, anxiety, coping and activities of daily living following a spinal fusion. The theory of stress and coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) was the conceptual framework for this randomized controlled trial study. Between April and December 2010, thirty-one adolescents 13 to 19 years of age were assigned randomly to receive either standard medical care or standard medical care with the home- based guided intervention (DVD). Participants from the experimental group were introduced to the intervention before the surgery and before discharge home. Postoperative recalls regarding the intervention were offered by telephone two weeks after the patient was discharged home. The Brief Pain Questionnaire (French version) was used to assess adolescents’ usual activities and pain. The anxiety was measured using the child/adolescent version of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (French version), and the coping strategies were measured by using the French version of the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory. Data collection, using these questionnaires, was performed before the surgery, before discharge home, two weeks post-discharge and one month following discharge from the hospital. Results have shown that there were no differences among the groups before the surgery on gender, age, daily activities, anxiety, adaptive strategies on coping and pain. Participants of the experimental group presented a lower mean on pain intensity two weeks (p = 0,012) and one month after being discharged home (p = 0,049). Significant results were obtained in the experimental group at two weeks post-discharge regarding some of the activities of daily living: school or working activities (p = 0,046) and vital support activities (eg. eat, sleep) (p = 0,024), On the other hand, we did not observe significant differences between both groups on all other variables. Guided imagery and relaxation intervention combined to an educational intervention was superior to standard care for the treatment of postoperative pain two weeks and one month after returning home. Furthermore, this intervention seems to have a positive effect on the resuming by adolescents of some of their activities at home.

O tratamento radioterápico é considerado como uma das modalidades terapêuticas padrão para os cânceres de cabeça e pescoço, cujo objetivo é controlar a evolução do tumor com o menor dano possível aos tecidos e órgãos normais adjacentes, porém, apesar de apresentar a vantagem de preservar a estrutura dos tecidos, pode acarretar reações adversas que se manifestam na cavidade oral, e também efeitos colaterais físicos generalizados, sendo a fadiga o mais comum. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da Prática Integrativa e Complementar - Relaxamento com Visualização Guiada, sobre a redução do sintoma de fadiga e melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde, durante o tratamento radioterápico. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental, de corte longitudinal e prospectivo, com a participação de 102 pacientes em início de tratamento radioterápico, com a alocação intencional em dois grupos, o de Intervenção (n=42) e o de Comparação (n=60). Apenas os participantes do Grupo Intervenção realizaram a prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada durante o tratamento radioterápico, porém, todos os participantes responderam aos questionários de avaliação. Foram utilizados os questionários de Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (FACT H&N) e a Escala de Fadiga de Piper Revisada. A prática de relaxamento com visualização guiada foi aplicada pela pesquisadora do estudo, por meio de uma gravação de áudio contendo comandos verbais, os quais guiavam o paciente para a realização da prática. Para avaliar o efeito da intervenção entre os grupos intervenção e de controle, foi utilizada a técnica de regressão logística multinomial, estimando razões de chance (odds ratios) por pontos e respectivos erros-padrão (Ep). Resultados: na etapa descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, evidenciou-se a predominância do sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 41 e 60 anos, baixo nível de escolaridade, aposentados, católicos, em uso regular de álcool e tabaco, câncer de orofaringe, em estádio IV. Foram evidenciadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em relação às variáveis procedência, estado civil e \"tipo de cirurgia\" e os valores-p foram, respectivamente, p=0,000, p= 0,002 e p=0,027. Na etapa analítica evidenciou-se que o relaxamento com visualização guiada mostrou-se efetivo em especial para os domínios global, comportamental e sensorial na segunda aplicação (T2), e afetivo e sensorial na terceira aplicação (T3), levando à redução do sintoma de fadiga, e quanto à Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram que o relaxamento com visualização guiada não teve efeito na melhora da Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde durante o tratamento radioterápico nos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço, mas reduziu os níveis de fadiga. Trata-se de uma prática de baixo custo, a qual mostrou-se efetiva na redução do sintoma de fadiga, portanto, seu uso deve ser divulgado na prática dos cuidados aos pacientes oncológicos / Radiation therapy is considered to be one of the standard therapeutic modalities for head and neck cancers in order to control tumor evolution with the lowest possible damage to adjacent normal tissues and organs. Although it has the advantage of preserving the structure of tissues, it can lead to adverse reactions occurring in the oral cavity, as well as generalized physical side effects, being fatigue the most common of them. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an Integrative and Complementary Practice - Relaxation with Guided Imagery, on the reduction of fatigue symptom and improvement of Health-Related Quality of Life, during the radiotherapy treatment. METHODS: A quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with the participation of 102 patients at the beginning of radiotherapy, intentionally allocated in two groups: Intervention (n=42) and Comparison (n = 60). While only the participants of the Intervention Group performed the relaxation practice with guided imagery during the radiotherapy treatment, all the participants answered the evaluation questionnaires. The HealthRelated Quality of Life questionnaires (FACT-H&N) and the revised Piper Fatigue Scale were used. The practice of relaxation with guided imagery was applied by the researcher of the study, through an audio recording containing verbal commands, which guided the patient to perform the practice. To evaluate the effects of the intervention comparing the intervention and control groups, it was used multinomial logistic regression technique in order to estimate odds ratios by points and their respective standard errors (SE). Results: the descriptive stage found in the sociodemographic and clinical data, the prevalence of males, age between 41 and 60 years old, low level of schooling, retirees, Catholics, regular use of alcohol and tobacco, as well as oropharynx cancer in stage IV. There were statistically significant differences between the groups related to the variables place of residence, marital status and \"type of surgery\", while the p-values were respectively, p=0.000, p=0.002 and p = 0.027. In the analytical stage, it was observed that the relaxation with guided imagery was effective for the global, behavioral and sensorial domains in the second application (T2), as well as for the affective and sensorial domains in the third application (T3), leading to the reduction of the fatigue symptoms, while there was no statistically significant difference between the groups related to Health-Related Quality of Life. Conclusion: The results showed that while guided imagery relaxation had no effect on the improvement of the Health-Related Quality of Life during the radiotherapy treatment in patients with head and neck cancer, it still reduced fatigue levels. It is a low-cost practice, which has proved effective in reducing the fatigue symptoms, so its use must be disseminated in caring practices directed to cancer patients