This thesis develops a hardware circuit implementation of an active filter for reducing a SRM drives input current ripple or equivalently to improve the SRM drives input power quality. Its an alternative to the simple inductor and capacitor in a conventional passive filter. For the same filtering capability the size of the two physical capacitors in the active filter will be much less than the size of the capacitor in a conventional filter. Also the size of the two inductors in the active filter will be much less than the size of the inductor in a conventional filter. Some of this size reduction will be consumed by the power semiconductors but their size is much smaller than the filter components being replaced. This thesis describes the design of the active filter circuit which can replace the conventional passive filter. In this thesis, feedback control is also used with the active filter to force the filter voltage to be the desired value to minimize the effects of the circuits resonances. The active filter circuit is tested experimentally with a test circuit that mimics the current ripple generated by an SRM drive system. The experimentally generated output is verified by comparing it with simulation results from a detailed SIMULINK model and a B2 spice model of the experimental system.

Battery energy storage system (BESS) is promising to be implemented in residential applications for supporting PV integration, load shifting, and backup power purposes. For this application, 48V second-life battery draws more and more attentions for their cost-effectiveness, safe voltage level, reliability, and potential large market. This thesis proposes the comprehensive control and design of an isolated battery-driven grid interface (IBDGI) with the dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter for residential applications with 48V battery pack. The three-phase DAB converter is a promising candidate as the front-end DC/DC converter in the two-stage IBDGI due to its high efficiency, high power density, and low capacitance requirement. An effective design strategy for the three-phase DAB converter is proposed based on the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) zone and back-ow power to achieve high efficiency for a wide operating voltage range and different load conditions. Based on the power loss model, an easily-implemented variable switching frequency operating method is proposed to further increase the efficiency at light load conditions. The dead-time effect is observed in the three-phase DAB converter. To avoid the dead-time effect and better understand the phenomena, a comprehensive analysis is proposed. All the cases of the dead-time effect in the three-phase DAB converter are analyzed in terms of the buck, boost, and matching states. The expressions of the transmission power, constraint conditions, and key time of the dead-time effect are derived for each state. The operation waveforms of the dead-time effect are also presented. The hybrid capacitor bank composed by the LC resonant lter with electrolytic capacitor and lm capacitor is utilized for the DC bus of the IBGDI. The electrolytic capacitors work as passive decoupling purpose while the lm capacitor is responsible for high switching harmonic ltering. Moreover, a current sharing method between the hybrid capacitor bank is proposed to extend the electrolytic capacitor's life. The LCL single-phase inverter is applied for the downstream of the IBDGI. A step-by-step design procedure of the LCL lter with passive damping is proposed for the 120V/240V dual grid-tied and standalone modes. The PR controllers are also designed for the LCL inverter for standalone and grid-tied modes. At the system level, a novel second harmonic current (SHC) reduction strategy is proposed for the IBDGI with the three-phase DAB converter by adding a load current feedforward (LCFF) path to the DAB voltage closed-loop controller. This method will suppress the SHC without modi cations of the original controller's bandwidth, which make it easy to be implemented. The small-signal model of the three-phase DAB converter is provided and veri ed by the step response. The parameter sensitivity analysis for the LCFF method is proposed to show that the SHC is well suppressed within ±20% parameter error. The proposed converter and control methods are veri ed by simulation and experimental results. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Three-phase voltage source converters(VSCs) have become the converter of choice in many ac medium and high power applications due to their many advantages, including low harmonics, high power factor, and high efficiency. Modular VSCs have also been a popular choice as building blocks to achieve even higher power, primarily through converter paralleling. In addition to high power ratings, paralleling converters can also provide system redundancy through the so-called (N+1) configuration for improved availability, as well as allow easy implementation of converter power management. Interleaving can further improve the benefit of paralleling VSCs by reducing system harmonic currents, which potentially can increase system power density. There are many challenges to implement interleaving in paralleled VSCs system due to the complicated relationships in a three-phase power converter system. In addition, to maximize the benefit of interleaving, current knowledge of symmetric interleaving is not enough. More insightful understanding of this PWM technology is necessary before implement interleaving in a real paralleled VSCs system. In this dissertation, a systematic methodology to analyze and design a paralleled three-phase voltage source converters with interleaving is developed. All the analysis and proposed control methods are investigated with the goal of maximizing the benefit of interleaving based on system requirement. The dissertation is divided into five sections. Firstly, a complete analysis studying the impact of interleaving on harmonic currents in ac and dc side passive components for paralleled VSCs is presented. The analysis performed considers the effects of modulation index, pulse-width-modulation (PWM) schemes, interleaving angle and displacement angle. Based on the analysis the method to optimize interleaving angle is proposed. Secondly, the control methods for the common mode (CM) circulating current of paralleled three-phase VSCs with discontinuous space-vector modulation (DPWM) and interleaving are proposed. With the control methods, DPWM and interleaving, which is a desirable combination, but not considered possible, can be implemented together. In addition, the total flux of integrated inter-phase inductor to limit circulating current can be minimized. Thirdly, a 15 kW three phase ac-dc rectifier is built with SiC devices. With the technologies presented in this dissertation, the specific power density can be pushed more than 2kW/lb. Fourthly, the converter system with low switching frequency is studied. Special issues such as beat phenomenon and system unbalance due to non-triplen carrier ratio is explained and solved by control methods. Other than that, an improved asymmetric space vector modulation is proposed, which can significantly reduce output current total harmonic distortion (THD) for single and interleaved VSCs system. Finally, the method to protect a system with paralleled VSCs under the occurrence of internal faults is studied. After the internal fault is detected and isolated, the paralleled VSCs system can continue work. So system reliability can be increased. / Ph. D.

Com o surgimento das novas tecnologias aplicadas aos equipamentos e arranjos geométricos das fontes renováveis de energia, o sistema de aterramento passou a operar com correntes de várias frequências, diferentes da componente fundamental. Estas correntes são provenientes das novas cargas não lineares conectadas e das condições de falta, tornando mais difícil a equipotencialização do sistema de aterramento, devido, principalmente, ao seu tamanho e sua geometria. Neste cenário, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo do comportamento de um sistema de aterramento operando na presença de correntes com distorção harmônica. Para a modelagem do sistema de aterramento teste, foi utilizada a teoria de linhas de transmissão, considerando parâmetros distribuídos, pela qual o condutor foi modelado em porções ao longo de seu comprimento. Para a modelagem e análise do sistema de aterramento foram utilizados o programa ATP (Alternative Transients Program) e uma ferramenta computacional comercial, com o intuito de validar os valores da resistência da malha de aterramento observados. Pelos resultados encontrados, têm-se argumentos para alertar os projetos futuros de sistemas de aterramento para a necessidade e uma melhor análise das situações operacionais passíveis de ocorrência no sistema elétrico que venham a apresentar uma composição harmônica diferente e não desprezível em relação ao componente fundamental. / With the rise of new technology applied to devices and geometric arrangements related to renewable energy sources, grounding systems have started to operate with currents of multiple frequencies, deviating from its fundamental component. These currents come from the connection of new nonlinear loads and fault conditions, which makes the equipotential bonding harder for the grounding system, mainly due to its size and geometry. In this scenario, this research aims to study the behavior of a grounding system operating in the presence of harmonically distorted currents. The transmission line theory was used to model the testing grounding system, based on distributed parameters, through which the conductor was modeled in increments along its length. For modeling and studying the grounding system, the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) and a commercial software tool were used in order to validate the resistance values observed in the grounding grid. Based on the results found, there are arguments to alert future grounding system projects about the need for a better assessment of operational scenarios likely to occur in the electrical system, which may display a different harmonic composition that is not negligible in relation to the fundamental component.

Com o surgimento das novas tecnologias aplicadas aos equipamentos e arranjos geométricos das fontes renováveis de energia, o sistema de aterramento passou a operar com correntes de várias frequências, diferentes da componente fundamental. Estas correntes são provenientes das novas cargas não lineares conectadas e das condições de falta, tornando mais difícil a equipotencialização do sistema de aterramento, devido, principalmente, ao seu tamanho e sua geometria. Neste cenário, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo do comportamento de um sistema de aterramento operando na presença de correntes com distorção harmônica. Para a modelagem do sistema de aterramento teste, foi utilizada a teoria de linhas de transmissão, considerando parâmetros distribuídos, pela qual o condutor foi modelado em porções ao longo de seu comprimento. Para a modelagem e análise do sistema de aterramento foram utilizados o programa ATP (Alternative Transients Program) e uma ferramenta computacional comercial, com o intuito de validar os valores da resistência da malha de aterramento observados. Pelos resultados encontrados, têm-se argumentos para alertar os projetos futuros de sistemas de aterramento para a necessidade e uma melhor análise das situações operacionais passíveis de ocorrência no sistema elétrico que venham a apresentar uma composição harmônica diferente e não desprezível em relação ao componente fundamental. / With the rise of new technology applied to devices and geometric arrangements related to renewable energy sources, grounding systems have started to operate with currents of multiple frequencies, deviating from its fundamental component. These currents come from the connection of new nonlinear loads and fault conditions, which makes the equipotential bonding harder for the grounding system, mainly due to its size and geometry. In this scenario, this research aims to study the behavior of a grounding system operating in the presence of harmonically distorted currents. The transmission line theory was used to model the testing grounding system, based on distributed parameters, through which the conductor was modeled in increments along its length. For modeling and studying the grounding system, the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) and a commercial software tool were used in order to validate the resistance values observed in the grounding grid. Based on the results found, there are arguments to alert future grounding system projects about the need for a better assessment of operational scenarios likely to occur in the electrical system, which may display a different harmonic composition that is not negligible in relation to the fundamental component.

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) have wide application in the robotics field due to its efficiency and reliability. As a servo system, it demands high precision in different control applications. Torque ripple is a critical issue resulting in mechanical vibrations and shortening the life of PMSMs, especially at low speeds. Because the magnitude of speed harmonics is proportional to the magnitude of the torque harmonics of the same order, methods to reduce speed harmonics can be utilized for torque ripple minimization. This thesis work proposes three methods for torque ripple reduction. One method is based on harmonic speed control (HSC) and harmonic current control (HCC). Another method uses the fuzzy to adjust PI parameters based on HSC-HCC. The third method utilizes torque ripple estimation (TRE) and HCC. In the proposed methods, torque ripples are estimated using a torque ripple model (TRM). At low speeds, speed harmonics and current harmonics are obtained based on an adaptive linear neural-based filter. The errors between the optimal harmonic current reference from HSC or TRE and the harmonic current from extraction are used to generate harmonic voltage in HCC. This harmonic voltage is fed back to compensate and reduce torque ripple. Furthermore, a feedforward compensation method is proposed to minimize torque ripple across a range of speeds based on the feedback compensation results. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to demonstrate the validity and performance of the proposed torque ripple reduction methods.

This Master of Applied Science thesis proposes a new design of low power, power factor corrected (PFC), power supplies. By lifting the hold up time restriction for devices that have a battery built in, the energy storage elements of the converter can be reduced, permitting a small and inexpensive power converter to be built. In addition, a new control technique for controlling cascaded converters is presented, named duty mode control (DMC). Its advantages are shown through simulations. The system was proven using a prototype developed in the laboratory designed for a universal ac input voltage (85 - 265VRMS at 50 - 60Hz) and a 40W output at 12V. It consisted of two interleaved phases sensed and digitally controlled on the isolated side of the converter. The prototype was able to achieve a power factor of greater than 0.98 for all operating conditions, and input harmonic current distortion well below any set of standards.

This Master of Applied Science thesis proposes a new design of low power, power factor corrected (PFC), power supplies. By lifting the hold up time restriction for devices that have a battery built in, the energy storage elements of the converter can be reduced, permitting a small and inexpensive power converter to be built. In addition, a new control technique for controlling cascaded converters is presented, named duty mode control (DMC). Its advantages are shown through simulations. The system was proven using a prototype developed in the laboratory designed for a universal ac input voltage (85 - 265VRMS at 50 - 60Hz) and a 40W output at 12V. It consisted of two interleaved phases sensed and digitally controlled on the isolated side of the converter. The prototype was able to achieve a power factor of greater than 0.98 for all operating conditions, and input harmonic current distortion well below any set of standards.

Orientador: Falcondes José Mendes de Seixas / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a proposição de um retificador trifásico boost semi-controlado, com correção ativa do fator de potência, que faça uso de técnicas de controle de razão cíclica variável, visando reduzir o conteúdo harmônico de corrente em baixa frequência. O conversor proposto opera em modo de condução descontínua, desta forma, a corrente de entrada segue uma envoltória senoidal. Além disso, devido ao modo de condução, o conversor apresenta a entrada em condução da chave com corrente nula, diminuindo assim, as perdas por chaveamento. Inicialmente, são apresentados, estudos teóricos da topologia em questão e, por meio de gráficos e equações, verifica-se a distorção harmônica imposta devida à operação com razão cíclica constante. Funções que permitam a variação permanente da razão cíclica, durante um ciclo da rede, serão apresentadas. Tais funções possuem o intuito de minimizar a distorção harmônica da corrente de entrada, com foco principal na 5ª componente harmônica. Resultados de simulação demonstram eficácia das técnicas de controle por razão cíclica variável e apontam redução no conteúdo harmônico de corrente. Resultados experimentais demonstram conteúdo harmônico de corrente em torno de 18% para operação do conversor com razão cíclica constante. A utilização de razão cíclica variável proporciona uma redução no conteúdo harmônico de corrente para 13%, resultando em um aumento do fator de potência. / Abstract: This work aims propose a three-phase rectifier boost half-controlled, with power factor correction, that makes use variable duty cycle control techniques, in order to reduce the harmonic content of current in low frequency. The proposed converter operates in a discontinuous current conduction mode, this way, the input current is naturally corrected. Moreover, due to the conduction mode, the converter presents entry in conduction of switch with null current, thus decreasing, the losses by switching. Initially, are presented theoretical studies of the topology in question and, through of graphs and equations, the harmonic distortion imposed by operation due constant duty cycle is verified. Functions that allow permanently the variation of duty cycle, during a network cycle, are presented. These functions have as main objective minimize the harmonic distortion in the input current, with focus in the 5th harmonic component. Simulation results demonstrate efficacy of techniques by variable duty cycle control and indicate a reducing of harmonic content of current. Experimental results demonstrate a reducing around 18% for operation with constant duty cycle. The use of variable duty cycle provides a reducing around 13%, resulting in an increase of the power factor. / Mestre

Submitted by DOUGLAS CARVALHO MORAIS (morais.sccp.carvalho@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T20:36:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RETIFICADOR TRIFÁSICO BOOST SEM PONTE DE DIODOS, COM ELEVADO FATOR DE POTÊNCIA E CONTROLE POR RAZÃO CÍCLICA VARIÁVEL.pdf: 3578931 bytes, checksum: 59462e5e8af8153b4c38efb1636c59de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-04-27T12:43:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_dc_me_ilha.pdf: 3578931 bytes, checksum: 59462e5e8af8153b4c38efb1636c59de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T12:43:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_dc_me_ilha.pdf: 3578931 bytes, checksum: 59462e5e8af8153b4c38efb1636c59de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo a proposição de um retificador trifásico boost semi-controlado, com correção ativa do fator de potência, que faça uso de técnicas de controle de razão cíclica variável, visando reduzir o conteúdo harmônico de corrente em baixa frequência. O conversor proposto opera em modo de condução descontínua, desta forma, a corrente de entrada segue uma envoltória senoidal. Além disso, devido ao modo de condução, o conversor apresenta a entrada em condução da chave com corrente nula, diminuindo assim, as perdas por chaveamento. Inicialmente, são apresentados, estudos teóricos da topologia em questão e, por meio de gráficos e equações, verifica-se a distorção harmônica imposta devida à operação com razão cíclica constante. Funções que permitam a variação permanente da razão cíclica, durante um ciclo da rede, serão apresentadas. Tais funções possuem o intuito de minimizar a distorção harmônica da corrente de entrada, com foco principal na 5ª componente harmônica. Resultados de simulação demonstram eficácia das técnicas de controle por razão cíclica variável e apontam redução no conteúdo harmônico de corrente. Resultados experimentais demonstram conteúdo harmônico de corrente em torno de 18% para operação do conversor com razão cíclica constante. A utilização de razão cíclica variável proporciona uma redução no conteúdo harmônico de corrente para 13%, resultando em um aumento do fator de potência. / This work aims propose a three-phase rectifier boost half-controlled, with power factor correction, that makes use variable duty cycle control techniques, in order to reduce the harmonic content of current in low frequency. The proposed converter operates in a discontinuous current conduction mode, this way, the input current is naturally corrected. Moreover, due to the conduction mode, the converter presents entry in conduction of switch with null current, thus decreasing, the losses by switching. Initially, are presented theoretical studies of the topology in question and, through of graphs and equations, the harmonic distortion imposed by operation due constant duty cycle is verified. Functions that allow permanently the variation of duty cycle, during a network cycle, are presented. These functions have as main objective minimize the harmonic distortion in the input current, with focus in the 5th harmonic component. Simulation results demonstrate efficacy of techniques by variable duty cycle control and indicate a reducing of harmonic content of current. Experimental results demonstrate a reducing around 18% for operation with constant duty cycle. The use of variable duty cycle provides a reducing around 13%, resulting in an increase of the power factor.