Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising bioenergy crop for biofuel production. However, the effects of biosolids application on biomass yield, nitrogen (N) concentration, feedstock quality and theoretical ethanol yield (TEY) are rarely reported in the literature. The objectives of this research were: 1) to compare the effects of biosolids application on biomass yield, N concentration, feedstock quality and TEY, and 2) to compare the effects of harvest frequency on biomass yield, N concentration, feedstock quality and TEY. This experiment began in 2010 and tested four plant available N (PAN) rates of biosolids (0, 153, 306, 459 kg ha-1), one urea rate (180 kg ha-1), and two harvest frequencies (cut once in November or cut in July and November) on a Davidson soil at Orange, VA. Biosolids and urea applications increased biomass yield and TEY across years relative to control, but had no effects on measures of feedstock quality. Inconsistent biomass yield responses to harvest frequency were observed during three years. Cutting once per year consistently increased biomass lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose concentrations, theoretical ethanol potential (TEP), and reduced N and ash concentrations compared to two cuts. Across years one cut increased TEY by 11% over the two cuts. The results demonstrate that biosolids can be applied as an N source to increase biomass yield and TEY. Two cuts increased biomass yield but reduced TEP, and had inconsistent effects on TEY. / Master of Science

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad el desarrollo e implementación de un modelo de negocio escalable capaz de desafiar el mercado peruano mediante las diversas estrategias basadas en alianzas con los socios claves y aprovechamiento de los medios digitales. Se trata de un emprendimiento llamado Grow It que busca fomentar hábitos para llevar una vida saludable, para ello los usuarios tendrán una experiencia de cultivo desde la comodidad de su hogar. Este ofrecerá biohuertos domésticos adaptables al espacio con el que se cuente en casa y con semillas de fácil cuidado. El proyecto en mención tiene como finalidad reemplazar el proceso de compra estándar a acceder a un estilo de vida saludable al cual se podrá acceder sin tener que salir de casa. Para ello, estará dirigido a mujeres y hombres, de cualquier estado civil, entre 25-55 años con NSE A y B que les gusta tener un estilo de vida saludable, que consumen alimentos orgánicos y les interesa la idea de contar con un minihuerto en su hogar y desarrollar una experiencia de cultivo en casa. Para el análisis de viabilidad de propuesta se realizaron diversos experimentos para sustentar la propuesta de negocio y su rentabilidad. Asimismo, se realizaron validaciones de la venta de biohuertos e interacciones con el cliente por medio de sus redes sociales. Se recibió una potencial acogida a la propuesta innovadora, ya que se observó que varias personas estaban interesadas en tener esta experiencia única de cultivo en su hogar. Por último, el valor actual de la empresa asciende a un total de S/152,768.93, esto indica que el proyecto es rentable. Respecto al período de recupero de inversión, se estima que será en el año 2 en el mes de abril. Asimismo, de acuerdo con el flujo de caja libre, se puede analizar que desde el primer año se obtendrán ganancias. / The present project has the proposal of develop and implement a scalable business that could be able to challenge the Peruvian market through many strategies bases in alliances with the different partners like suppliers, clients and others stakeholders, and also, taking advantage of the different networking that now a days we have. It´s about an entrepreneurship calling Grow It, which the principal aim is to foment and increase the healthy nutrition in the population giving to them a harvest experience from their own home. Grow It, offer domestics orchards adaptable to the space of the different houses and apartments that every consumer has and also, the seeds that we offer are easier to care that the usual. Likewise, this product gives to the consumer the possibility to have their own vegetables and fruits without the necessity to go out and at the same time, it allows to maintain a healthy life and nutrition. The target market will be women and men with anyone civil status, that are between 25 to 55 years old, are in the A or B socio-economic level and they like or are interesting in maintain a healthy life and want to have a cropping experience in their house. For the viability analysis, the group designed and did different experiments to support the idea and the profitability of our project. Besides, we did validations of the purchase attempt and the final sales with the backing of our social networks: Facebook and Instagram. The project received a potential reception of the proposal because many people that are part of the target market send us direct messages asking for the price, how does the product works and other aspects. Finally, the Net Present Value of the project it´s S/152,768.93. This means, that Grow It generate value in the market. Also, the payback will be in the year 2, on April. In the same way, according to the Cash Flow, we will obtain profits since year 1. / Trabajo de investigación

Knowledge of relationships between nutrient levels, yield, maturity, and environmental influences on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are necessary to estimate when to harvest alfalfa to maximize quality and yield. Objectives were to document the change in nutrient content, yield, and growth stage of alfalfa grown in Utah as it matures and to develop a simple model to predict optimal harvest date. The study involved three locations in major alfalfa producing regions in Utah. Samples were collected from three commonly grown alfalfa varieties between 26 April and 26 September in 1987. Maximum and minimum levels of crude protein (CP) observed were 32.8% to 16.2%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 39.4% to 14.0%, and dry matter (OM) 31.7% to 14.3%. Maximum yield of 7.0 Mg ha-1 for a single harvest was observed. The growth stage and average yield in Mg ha-1 for all varieties and harvests collected were: prebud 3.6; midbud 4.2; and late bud to early bloom 4.9. As alfalfa matured CP% declined, ADF% increased, and DM% increased. Criteria used to estimate optimal harvest date was achieving not less than 20.0% CP, at least 29.0% ADF, but not more than 31.0% ADF. The estimated optimal harvest date was determined 63.3% of the time by not exceeding 31.0% ADF. Early to midbud were characteristic growth stages of the estimated optimal harvest date occurring 34.4% and 41.0% respectively. Midbud stage was characterized by elongation of the peduncle at second and third axillary bud positions. Accumulated growing degree hours (AGDH) were calculated using the ASYMCUR modeling concept. Height models were developed by averaging AGDH at 5 cm increments of shoot height. Models developed from the Nephi site were used to predict data from other sites. These models made about 37% acceptable predictions ranging from 0-100%. The general model made 23% acceptable predictions, variety models 47%, harvest models 43%, and 36% from specific data models. The general model, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 14.6%, made fewer acceptable predictions than specific models having CV of 11.1% and 6.0%. Height models generated using the ASYMCUR concept were inefficient in predicting growth of alfalfa. This may be due to inaccurate estimates of when regrowth began, inaccurate weather data, and a variety of temperature related stresses which reduces the growth rate of alfalfa per unit of growing degree hours. Development of stress factor in cosine equations, improved data collection, and additional model generation and testing, could reduce variability and increasing percentage of acceptable predictions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19780号 / 農博第2176号 / 新制||農||1041(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H28||N4996(農学部図書室) / 32816 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 教授 稲村 達也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第20416号 / 農博第2201号 / 新制||農||1047(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5037(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 稲村 達也, 教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 廣岡 博之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21141号 / 農博第2267号 / 新制||農||1058(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5115(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 稲村 達也, 教授 縄田 栄治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Soybean growers in the mid-southern U.S. face many challenges imposed by adverse weather conditions that vary spatially and temporally. As a result, growers experience variations in soybean seed quality, grain quality, and yield. While not every harvest season experiences extremes in environmental conditions, those that do may result in major quality issues that could lead to significant financial losses. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate quality as it relates to delayed harvest conditions for soybean following common management practices such as fungicide application to mitigate spread of pathogens or harvest aid application to facilitate more efficient harvest. Experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 to determine the impact that these soybean management practices have on soybean quality under delayed harvest conditions. Results indicate that soybean quality, regardless of planting date, was not impacted by fungicide or harvest aid treatment, but rather by harvest delay.

Discoveries revolving around false hellebore (Veratrum californicum Durand) have caused a paradigm shift in treatment from eradication to harvest and preservation. Test plots set in place 18 years ago to analyze the effectiveness of eradication treatments (tilling, herbicide, mow, and remow) give us a better idea of how false hellebore communities might respond to disturbances caused by harvest. We focused mainly on the tilling, mow, and remow treatments because of similarities to harvest techniques.We found that mow and remow treatments have little effect on the population of false hellebore in the wild. Tilling treatments were effective in reducing the population dramatically; however some recovery in numbers has taken place. Tilled plots showed a significant decrease in mid seral plant populations, and a significant increase in early seral populations. Tilled treatments were also opened up to intermediately desirable and undesirable plants. Mow and remow treatments reacted similarly to each other, with mow treatments showing decreases in mid seral species and with both treatments showing neither an increase nor a decrease in the other seral stages. Mow and remow plots showed a decrease in desirable plants, but an increase in intermediately desirable plants and no increase in undesirable plants. Greenhouse experiments were unsuccessful due to phenological disruptions caused by removal from the native habitat as well as climate and temperature differences.