This cross-sectional study examines if there is a relationship between student ethnic identity and their motivation towards physical activity (PA), with a particular interest with students who self-identify as Hawaiian. Results indicate that there is a small but positive correlation between motivational indices and measures of ethnic identity. This study surveyed 301 sixth, seventh, and eighth grade students from one of the Hawaiian Islands. The survey consisted of the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale (SIMS) instrument (Guay, Vallerand, & Blanchard, 2000) to measure motivation of PA and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R) instrument (Phinney & Ong, 2007) to measure ethnic identity. Participants were given a pedometer to measure PA (steps) and a list of sports and activities they participate in outside of school. MANOVA was used to examine significant differences among group variables (gender and ethnic identity) for selected variables (motivational indices, ethnic exploration, ethnic commitment, and steps). Data analysis reveals significant gender effects for all response variables, notably males being significantly more intrinsically motivated (MIM = 5.94), externally regulated (MER = 4.55), and amotivated (MAM = 2.77) towards PA than females. Yet, females explore their ethnic identity (MExplore = 3.78) and are committed to their ethnic identity (MCommit = 4.00) significantly more than males. Significant ethnic identity effects were found for motivational measures amotivation (AM), self-determination index (SDI) score, notably Hawaiian students demonstrating significantly lower AM (MAM = 2.18) than Hispanic students, and Asian students. Also, Hawaiian students demonstrate significantly higher SDI scores (MSDI = 9.02) than Asian students. Hawaiian students in general explore and commit to their ethnic identity more than not, and are positively motivated towards PA. Hawaiian students who explore their culture and are committed towards their ethnic identity are more likely to be positively motivated towards PA. Although this indicates a relationship between student ethnic identity and motivation towards PA, future research needs to be made on the relationship of ethnic identity and motivation towards PA with a larger population of Hawaiian students.

No description available.

Despite increasing mental health concerns, individuals from the Pacific Islands largely do not utilize the resources available to them (National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2020). This is of particular concern among male adolescents within the population who are more at risk of mental health concerns. An interpretative phenomenological analysis focus group study was conducted in person with male adolescent Pacific Islanders (PI; ages 14–16) residing in one Western state (n = 3). Male adolescents reported that admitting to mental health concerns would greatly limit their academic, career, and personal ambitions due to the stigma attached. They also discussed religiosity as a protective factor and gave a number of individuals within their lives that could potentially be helpful to them in this area. In terms of stigma and perception, some participants described situations in which they discussed their mental health concerns to others within their community and their feelings were dismissed as being invalid or unimportant. In addition, several participants discussed the familial shame they would experience if they were to utilize mental health services. With regard to the cultural fit between practitioners and students, many students explained they felt uncomfortable being vulnerable with therapists outside their ethnic community. They felt that being open with their mental health concerns would give a poor impression of their PI community to therapists outside of their community. More research is needed to discover which groups to target within the community to impact the largest change in perception of mental health services across the community.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women. A diagnosis of cancer is a stressful event that requires an individual to adapt to new stressors. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the perceptions of mana'olana/hope and living with breast cancer among Native Hawaiian women. The conceptual framework of this phenomenological study was positive psychology. Data collection included in-depth interviews with 5 Native Hawaiian women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Data coding and analysis resulted in identification of 8 themes. The themes included: (a) mana'olana /hope is the essence of my being, (b) family strengthens me and gave me mana'olana/hope, (c) my relationship with God and Jesus promoted mana'olana/hope in me, (d) my religious affiliation promoted mana'olana/hope in me, (e) the cancer support group promoted mana'olana/hope in me, (f) the cancer treatment team promoted mana'olana/hope in me, (g) treatment options; Allopathic, Osteopathic, Naturopathic, Alternative medicine, and herbal remedies promoted mana'olana/hope in me, and (h) nature's beauty and the arts promoted mana'olana/hope in me. Results may be used by health psychologists, cancer treatment practitioners, and the field of biobehavioral oncology to support and improve the well-being and health outcomes of women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Waikato, 2007. / Title from PDF cover (viewed April 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. [339]-343)

Alcohol abuse is a ubiquitous issue for college students across the United States (U.S.) including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). As compared to their counterparts, NHPI students tend to underutilize university counseling services and have significantly lower retention rates than their White counterparts. Considering that NHPI may be reluctant to go to counseling, their levels of distress and alcohol abuse may have to reach a higher threshold before they seek treatment. This study examined NHPI college students' presenting levels of alcohol abuse both at intake and over time and compared these students to students from other ethnic/racial groups. Data were gathered from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH), a practice-research network used by hundreds of college counseling centers across the U.S. Aggregated data from the years 2012-2015 included variables measured by the Standardized Data Set (SDS) and the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS). The data were analyzed using Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) to assess the differences at intake and over time in alcohol abuse and distress across ethnic groups. Results of this study indicated that NHPI college students at college counseling centers had higher levels of alcohol abuse and presenting distress at intake than students from other ethnic/racial groups. However, NHPI did not have significantly different changes in levels of alcohol abuse from session one to session 12 as compared to other students. Implications and directions for further research are also discussed.

Background: High prevalence of mental health problems and underutilization of mental health treatment are more severe among the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) population and remain misunderstood and understudied. Examining mental health literacy (MHL)–the knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid their recognition, management, or prevention–has been shown to identify barriers to seeking and receiving care. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of MHL in Polynesian NHPIs and identify associated demographic variables. Methods: Data for this pilot cross-sectional study were collected from 298 US Polynesians via an online questionnaire of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS). Results: The overall mean MHLS score was 121 (standard deviation = 17.3), with statistically significant higher scores in female participants, > 31 years old, Tongan, more educated, and with higher income. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that overall MHL is comparable among Polynesians compared to the current literature. However, Polynesian men < 30 years old and with lower income had lower MHL, which may be linked to the mental health disparities specific to this population. Current interventions should focus on increasing knowledge of risk factors, causes, self-treatments, and available professional help regarding mental disorders. Efforts to improve the MHL of Polynesians should target men < 30 years with lower income (<$50,000).

The focus for the first part of the thesis is on the systematics of species belonging to Silene subgenus Silene. Phylogenetic relationships are inferred from DNA sequences from both the plastid (the rps16 intron) and the nuclear (ITS, intron of the RPB2 gene) genomes. Silene section Rigidulae is shown to be non-monophyletic in its previous circumscription, but instead consisting of six separate clades, each correlated to the geographical distribution of the included species. The taxonomic consequences for each clade are discussed. One of the clades is recognized as a new section and described as Silene sect. Arenosae sect. nov. The morphological descriptions of the species are formalized using a novel implementation of the Prometheus Description Model. Two proposals are included in the thesis, one to reject the name Silene polyphylla L., which is a senior synonym to S. portensis L. Silene linearis Decne. is proposed for conservation against the rarely used S. linearis Sweet. Silene antirrhina, a weedy American annual, is strongly supported as sister to the Hawaiian endemic species of Silene, suggesting an American origin for these. Two of the endemics have evolved woodiness after introduction to Hawaii. In the second part of the thesis we use four nuclear DNA regions, (introns from RPA2, RPB2, RPD2a, RPD2b), and the chloroplast psbE-petG spacer. A framework is developed to evaluate different phylogenetic explanations for conflicting gene trees, where divergence times are used to discriminate among inter- and intralineage processes. The incongruences observed regarding the relationships among the three major lineages of Heliosperma are best explained by homoploid hybridization. The pattern regarding the origin of Heliosperma itself is more complicated and is likely to include several reticulate events. Two lineages have probably been involved in the origin of Heliosperma, one leading to Viscaria and Atocion and the other to Eudianthe and/or Petrocoptis.

Since the 1970s, historians of British Columbia representing various ideological schools and methodological approaches have debated the role of race in the provinces history. Many of the earlier works discussed whether race or class was the primary determinant in social relations while more recent works have argued that factors such as race, class, and gender combined in different ways and in different situations to inform group interactions. However, the application of these terms in describing aspects of the thoughts and actions of non-Western peoples can be problematic. This thesis attempts to approach the question of race and its role in British Columbias past from the perspective of the Indigenous population of the Lower Fraser River watershed from 1828 (the establishment of the first Hudsons Bay Company post on the Fraser River) to the 1920s, examining shifting notions of the way Aboriginal epistemologies have conceived of otherness through contact between Stó:lõ people and Euro-Canadian and -American, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Japanese immigrants. The main contention is that, contrary to the historiographys depictions of unified and static interactions with newcomers, Stó:lõ people held complex and dynamic notions of otherness when newcomers arrived with the fur trade, and that such concepts informed interactions with people from throughout the Pacific. Numerous factors informed the ways in which Stó:lõ people approached and engaged in relationships with newcomers, but the strongest ones originated in Stó:lõ cultural and historical understanding of others rather than in the racial ideas of Euro-Canadians. <p>Following a discussion of the historiography of race relations and Native-Newcomer interactions in British Columbia, this thesis examines relationships during the fur trade between Hawaiian men employed at Fort Langley and Kwantlen people; the ways in which Stó:lõ people grouped the miners who came to the Fraser Canyon in 1858; Stó:lõ peoples interactions with Chinese immigrants from the 1860s through the 1880s; and the ways in which the presence of Japanese and Chinese Canadians influenced how Stó:lõ leaders articulated their claims to rights and title in the first decades of the twentieth century. It concludes that Aboriginal relations with non-Europeans took a different path than relations with Europeans. Several factors contributed to the branching of paths, including pre-contact views of <i> outsiders</i>, kinship ties in the fur trade, economic competition, and the unsettled Indian Land Question. Moreover, the different relationships must be seen as affecting the other, making understanding the nature of Aboriginal associations with non-Europeans an important part of making sense of aspects of Aboriginal relations with Europeans.

Since the 1970s, historians of British Columbia representing various ideological schools and methodological approaches have debated the role of race in the provinces history. Many of the earlier works discussed whether race or class was the primary determinant in social relations while more recent works have argued that factors such as race, class, and gender combined in different ways and in different situations to inform group interactions. However, the application of these terms in describing aspects of the thoughts and actions of non-Western peoples can be problematic. This thesis attempts to approach the question of race and its role in British Columbias past from the perspective of the Indigenous population of the Lower Fraser River watershed from 1828 (the establishment of the first Hudsons Bay Company post on the Fraser River) to the 1920s, examining shifting notions of the way Aboriginal epistemologies have conceived of otherness through contact between Stó:lõ people and Euro-Canadian and -American, Hawaiian, Chinese, and Japanese immigrants. The main contention is that, contrary to the historiographys depictions of unified and static interactions with newcomers, Stó:lõ people held complex and dynamic notions of otherness when newcomers arrived with the fur trade, and that such concepts informed interactions with people from throughout the Pacific. Numerous factors informed the ways in which Stó:lõ people approached and engaged in relationships with newcomers, but the strongest ones originated in Stó:lõ cultural and historical understanding of others rather than in the racial ideas of Euro-Canadians. <p>Following a discussion of the historiography of race relations and Native-Newcomer interactions in British Columbia, this thesis examines relationships during the fur trade between Hawaiian men employed at Fort Langley and Kwantlen people; the ways in which Stó:lõ people grouped the miners who came to the Fraser Canyon in 1858; Stó:lõ peoples interactions with Chinese immigrants from the 1860s through the 1880s; and the ways in which the presence of Japanese and Chinese Canadians influenced how Stó:lõ leaders articulated their claims to rights and title in the first decades of the twentieth century. It concludes that Aboriginal relations with non-Europeans took a different path than relations with Europeans. Several factors contributed to the branching of paths, including pre-contact views of <i> outsiders</i>, kinship ties in the fur trade, economic competition, and the unsettled Indian Land Question. Moreover, the different relationships must be seen as affecting the other, making understanding the nature of Aboriginal associations with non-Europeans an important part of making sense of aspects of Aboriginal relations with Europeans.