Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the 6th most common malignancyworldwide. Recently, a link between cancer and inflammation has been found. Mediatingthis relationship are the chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. CXCL8 (Interleukin-8), a CXC ELR+ Chemokine mainly responsible for neutrophil chemoattraction, has beenimplicated in increased tumor proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. The current studytests the effects of CXCL8 on the tumor proliferation and metastasis. By genetically modifying cells to knockdown or overexpress the CXCL8 gene we tested its biological rolein head and neck cancer progression. Overexpression of CXCL8 in HN4 tumor cells withlow endogenous CXCL8 levels was found to increase tumor growth, as judged by cellcounting and MTT assays. Conversely, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CXCL8 expressionin HN12 cells, which express high levels of this chemokine, resulted in a decrease inproliferation. Similarly, overexpression of CXCL8 enhanced migration of HN4 cells invitro, while knockdown inhibited HN12 cell migration and invasion through a basementmembrane substitute. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that CXCL8affects multiple processes involved in head and neck cancer tumor progression. The datasuggest that CXCL8 is a potential therapeutic target for head and neck, and other, cancers.

Head direction cells signal the orientation of the head in the horizontal plane. This thesis shows how some of the known head direction cell response properties might develop through learning. The research methodology employed is the computer simulation of neural network models of head direction cells that self-organize through learning. The preferred firing directions of head direction cells will change in response to the manipulation of distal visual cues, but not in response to the manipulation of proximal visual cues. Simulation results are presented of neural network models that learn to form separate representations of distal and proximal visual cues that are presented simultaneously as visual input to the network. These results demonstrate the computation required for a subpopulation of head direction cells to learn to preferentially respond to distal visual cues. Within a population of head direction cells, the angular distance between the preferred firing directions of any two cells is maintained across different environments. It is shown how a neural network model can learn to maintain the angular distance between the learned preferred firing directions of head direction cells across two different visual training environments. A population of head direction cells can update the population representation of the current head direction, in the absence of visual input, using internal idiothetic (self-generated) motion signals alone. This is called the path integration of head direction. It is important that the head direction cell system updates its internal representation of head direction at the same speed as the animal is rotating its head. Neural network models are simulated that learn to perform the path integration of head direction, using solely idiothetic signals, at the same speed as the head is rotating.

Title: Effect of forward head posture on postural stabilization measured by postural somatooscillography. Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to assess the influence of the forward head posture on the overall ability of postural stabilization using postural somatooscillography method. Methods: This thesis was prepared using analytical - comparative study. It compared two groups of fifteen subjects using the challenge test "3 steps - standing on one leg" in standart conditions. The measurement was recorded to the Microswing 6.0 and collected data was evaluated by Posturomed Commander. Results: The research did not achieve clear results at all, but in the overall assessment, we could say, that people with forward head posture have different, maybe slightly worse ability of postural stabilization. Keywords: postural stability, forward head posture, Posturomed, cervical spine

THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND THE HEAD OF THE STATE IMMUNITY The thesis deals with the institute of immunities of the head of the state recognized under the international law and with its applicability before the International Criminal Court (hereinafter referred to as "ICC"). The aim of this thesis is to analyze the conflict between two international legal rules which is the obligation to prosecute and punish perpetrators of crimes under the international law, irrespective of the status of the offender, and the exclusion of heads of the state from the criminal jurisdiction because of the immunity that protects its bearer. According to the Rome Statute (hereinafter referred to as "Statute") which established the ICC its contractual party is obliged to surrender any accused person to the Court even if this person enjoys immunity. However another provision of the Statute says that the request for this surrender could be refused by the party if it broke an obligation which this party has against the state whose national is the accused person. The first chapter outlines the formation and the functioning of the Court. Subsequently, the work deals with theoretical terms such as the head of state, the individual responsibility or the immunity. It provides with the types of immunities a person could enjoy...

The topic the thesis, "Direct Election of the Head of the State and Its Impact on Constitutional Relationships," has been selected owing to its current relevance, caused by the change of the manner of presidential election which had a historically long tradition in our country. The aim of the paper is to provide a most complex view of the legal modifications of the election of the republic's president, to summarize the theoretical basis, to analyse the legislative procedure and to attempt to comprehensibly present this change of a constitutional law to citizens who might thus receive sufficient information on the issue. Furthermore, the author wishes to make the readers acquainted with the establishment and implementation of direct presidential election together with the manner of the election according to the new legislation, especially in accordance with Act no. 71/2012 Col. and Act no. 275/2012 Col. The thesis consists of nine chapters. In six sub-chapters, the first chapter outlines the history of the presidential election from the establishment of Czechoslovakia throughout the totalitarian period and to the Czech Republic, including a brief summary of the former presidents. The second chapter includes argumentation for and against implementation of the direct election of the republic's president, the...

Diploma Thesis Abstract - The President of the Russian Federation This diploma thesis was written during my study stay in the Russian Federation. When I started working on the thesis, the outside temperature was well below 20 degrees Celsius and, by the time I was finished, the temperatures reached over 30 degrees Celsius. The thesis is based exclusively on sources in Russian, which I could access in the library of the Faculty of Law of the Saint Petersburg State University. The aim was to address the concept of the head of a state in general and, subsequently, to define the basic status of the president of the Russian Federation (RF) from the viewpoint of constitutional laws. The contents of the thesis can be summarised as follows: The head of the state plays two roles in the Russian constitutional system. Firstly, it is the role of an official entrusted with the task of uniting the RF, co-ordinating the activities of individual public authorities, representing the united voice of Russia both on the international political arena and within the country, and determining the general course of the Russian policy. This part of the president's role is paramount and we can even say that, in the RF, it is rampant. It justifies the calls for the establishment of a separate branch within the separation of powers -...

The object of the work are phraseological units with somatic components «head» and «heart». Phraseological units of each group are analyzed by a semantic and structural perspective. An etymologic explanation is introduced and then phraseological units are illustrated within a Russian context. The foundations of the Russian and Czech languages are deduced by exploration of the differences and similarities of the phraselogical units.

L'objectif de la thèse était d'enrichir les connaissances sur les poux de tête et les poux de corps de l'homme. Les poux de tête vivent et pondent leurs œufs à la base des cheveux et sont très répandus chez les enfants dans les écoles. Les poux de corps vivent dans les vêtements et infestent les personnes de milieux sociaux très défavorisés ne permettant pas une hygiène vestimentaire adéquate. Les poux de corps sont vecteurs de trois grandes maladies : le typhus épidémique, la fièvre des tranchées et la fièvre récurrente à poux. Ces insectes hématophages sont étudiés depuis des décennies afin de déterminer si ils constituent deux écotypes de la même espèce ou deux espèces distinctes. Avant l'avènement des techniques de biologie moléculaire, la taxonomie des poux était basée sur leur morphologie et leur biologie. Bien que les différences biologiques décrites entre les poux de tête et les poux de corps ne sont pas toujours cohérentes, il est légitime de penser que leur séparation physique puisse mener à une différenciation spécifique. Certaines études expérimentales ont cependant montré certains cas de migrations de poux de tête vers les vêtements et inversement. Puis, grâce au séquençage du génome du pou, beaucoup de progrès ont été réalisés ces dernières années sur leur phylogénie. Ainsi, sur base de l'ADN mitochondrial, les poux de l'homme sont séparés en trois Clades phylogénétiques : le Clade A qui comprend à fois des poux de tête et des poux de corps et les Clade B et C qui comprennent uniquement des poux de tête. / The objective of this thesis work was to increase the knowledge of human head lice and body lice. Head lice live and lay their eggs at the base of hair shaft and are found frequently in school going children. Body lice live in clothes and are usually associated with low income persons that do not have adequate clothes hygiene. Body lice are the vector of three major diseases: epidemic typhus, trench fever and relapsing fever. These blood feeding insects have been studied over the past decades to determine whether they are two ecotypes of the same species or two distinct species. Before the advent of molecular biology, taxonomical classification of lice was based on their morphology and biological activities. Although described biological differences between head lice and body lice are not always consistent, their physical separation could lead to species differentiation. However, some experimental studies have shown that in certain cases head lice could migrate to the clothes and vice versa. In the recent years many progress were made in the body louse genome sequencing, and further their phylogenetic classification. Thus, on the basis of mitochondrial DNA, human lice are classified into three phylogenetic clades: Clade A that comprise both head lice and body lice and the Clades B and C that comprise only head lice. This phylogenetic organization clustered into three clades surprisingly shows that head lice of Clade A are closer to body lice than to head lice of Clade B or C. Since body lice serve as vectors of several diseases, in view of this, it is crucial to understand human lice epidemiology.

The aim of this study was to examine leadership styles among head officials in the SHL and how they communicate leadership to ice hockey players in the SHL. The aim of this study was also to examine what type of leadership head officials in the SHL believe is requested from ice hockey players in the SHL. The selection of the study consisted of ten head officials in the SHL from the ice hockey season of 2016/2017, and the data collection was acquired trough semi-structured interviews with the participants. The collected data was subsequently analysed trough a thematic method. The results showed that there is no monolithic leadership style amongst the interviewed head officials in the SHL during the 2016/2017 ice hockey season. To find a leadership style that acts according to yourself is a vital part to be able to lead an individual or individuals. The ten interviewed head officials of the SHL described that body-language is a vital part of their leadership. They also described their way of working with positive feedback in communications with ice hockey players in the SHL as a way to encourage or transform actions of ice hockey players. The results of the study also indicates that the ten interviewed head officials in the SHL believe that a distinct and communicative leadership is the preferred option amongst ice hockey players in the SHL. / Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka ledarskapsstilar bland huvuddomare i SHL (Svenska ishockeyligan) och hur de förmedlar och kommunicerar ledarskap till ishockeyspelare i SHL. Den här studien undersöker även vilket ledarskap huvuddomare i SHL upplever att ishockeyspelare i SHL efterfrågar. Urvalet i studien bestod av tio huvuddomare i SHL under ishockeysäsongen 2016/2017, och datainsamlingen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med deltagarna. Den insamlade datan analyserades sedan genom en tematisk analys. Resultatet från studien visar att det inte finns en enhetlig ledarskapsstil bland de intervjuade huvuddomarna i SHL under ishockeysäsongen 2016/2017. Att hitta ett ledarskap som fungerar för en själv är en essentiell faktor för att kunna leda en individ eller en grupp individer. De tio intervjuade huvuddomarna beskriver att de ser kroppsspråk som en viktig del i deras ledarskap. De flesta av de intervjuade huvuddomarna arbetar även med positiv återkoppling i kommunikationer med ishockeyspelare i SHL för att uppmuntra eller förändra ett beteende hos ishockeyspelare. I resultatet från studien framgår även att de tio intervjuade huvuddomarna i SHL upplever att ett tydligt och kommunikativt ledarskap är efterfrågat från ishockeyspelare i SHL.

The theme "Direct election of head of state and its influence on the constitutional relations" has been chosen by its author due to the continuing public debate about this topic in the Czech Republic. The second reason is the fact that despite the approaching end of tenure of the current head of the state it is still unclear how the successor will be chosen. This thesis examines the suitability or unsuitability of possible introduction of direct election of head of state in the Czech Republic and its possible form. The aim is, however, not to answer the question "Direct election yes or no?" but rather to professionally contribute to the society-wide debate on this issue and to rectify it. The introduction of the direct election itself, without further changes of the Constitution of the Czech Republic, would, according to the author's opinion, not be an entirely appropriate step. Author's aim was to bring complex material containing, if possible, all the aspects of the issue. Without a broader understanding of theoretical concepts, foreign examples, historical development, but also of the valid legislation regarding the election of the head of state as well as of its powers and duties, it is not possible to conduct the relevant discussion on possible constitutional changes in this sense. The thesis...