The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument that measures self-efficacy perceptions of physical educators towards teaching lifetime physical activities. This Physical Educator Efficacy Scale for Teaching Lifetime Physical Activities (PEES-LPA), was validated through expert review, and pilot procedures, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA revealed a six-factor model that accounted for 67.8% of the total observed score variance (PAF extraction/Varimax rotation). Additionally, results demonstrated: (a) factors showing simple structure that aligns with related literature, (b) high factor scores (>.40) with no double loadings, (c) efficacy items relating to Net/Wall activities and Target activities loading together, and (d) internal consistency showed to be very high for both the full model (.95) and each individual factor (.92-.95). The PEES-LPA appears demonstrate accptable reliability and validity, though further analysis needs be explored for items that may influence multicollinearity and normality.

Track and field is a traditional instructional unit often taught in secondary physical education settings due to its history, variety of events, and potential for student interest. This article provides an approach to teaching this unit using the sport education model (SEM) of instruction, which has traditionally been presented as a model for team and dual sports. The application of the SEM to this individual sport provides teachers with an opportunity to provide their students with an authentic, engaging and festive environment in which to learn a sport that has been around for centuries.

Establishing a strong fan base within the inaugural year of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Program presents many challenges. Tracking consumers and their behavior becomes imperative as sport marketers seek to better understand the first fan adopters of a new program. With new NCAA football programs being established every year, sport marketers of a new program are challenged to not only find a loyal fan-base who will continue to support the program despite win or lose, but find new and innovative ways to grow their fan base. The purpose of this study was to examine attendance demographics and consumer behavior for the inaugural football season at a NCAA Division 1 program. Data were collected (n = 914) from a relatively equal distribution of fan groups (students- 34.8%, alumni- 32.9%, and other- 32.3%) via an in-person survey completed on a tablet interface. Results demonstrate that the level of fandom (temporary, devoted, or fanatic) impacts certain consumer behaviors, including; overall support of the program, media consumption, and game day behaviors.

The questions posed by this study were: (1) To determine the relationship between authoritarianism and ressentience among high school coaches employed within San Joaquin County, California.; and (2) To compare authoritarianism and ressentience among high school coaches within San Joaquin County, California, a sample of college students majoring in physical education, and a sample of college students majoring in a subject area other than physical education attending the University of the Pacific, Stockton, California.

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of self-actualization (SA) as measured by the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) among various groups of male intercollegiate athletes at the University of the Pacific. The subjects (N = 111) were golf (N = 8), tennis (N = 5), swimming (N = 6), baseball (N = 25), basketball (N = 14), and football (N = 53). The subjects were categorized into three sub-groups: (1) individuals sport members (golf, tennis, swimming) and team sport members (baseball, basketball, football); (2) good players, regular players, and substitutes; and (3) upper-division athletes and lower-division athletes.

BACKGROUND: The Aspire program is an eight-week program for troubled youths around the Canberra, Australia community that is run by former Canberran of the year and Canberra Raiders Captain Alan Tongue. The program aims to build self-esteem, develop social skills, help teach the effects actions have on others, understand how practice and hard work provide support, give purpose in life, and teach other practical, lifelong skills. During the program, Alan uses a combination of various activities including fitness, teamwork, discussion, writing, and self-reflection to help youth see their potential. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the lasting effects of the Aspire program. METHODS: Twenty-six of last year’s participants across six schools were interviewed ten months after the program had taken place. Qualitative data was taken via group discussion, while quantitative data was taken via an eleven-question survey. RESULTS: Overall, the program received positive feedback from both the students and the youth workers in both qualitative and quantitative responses. CONCLUSION: The Aspire program had a positive effect on the participant’s behaviors, confidence, and outlook on life after ten months post-program.

The purpose of this study was to narrate a history of baseball from its origins to the merger of the National and American Leagues in 1903. The author endeavored to produce a work that was interesting to sports enthusiasts and informative to researchers. He also attempted to relate the significance of the development of the institution of baseball to nineteenth-century American society. Based on accepted historical research and writing procedures, a study was completed which exposed the true birth of the game, the expansion and development of the sport from amateur clubs to professional teams, the growth of professionalism under the National League, the commercialization of the business, and the dominant players and teams of that era. The work interpreted the history of baseball in the nineteenth century by defending proposals in a chronicled account. By accomplishing his goals, the writer has added to the body of knowledge in this field. To a limited degree he explained the sociological evolution of the United States over that period of time.

Youth soccer players are required to play multiple matches within a short period of time. Participation in congested match schedules like youth soccer tournaments can result in fatigue and a decline in physical performance. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in countermovement jump height variables and sprint time to determine if physical performance was altered. Fourteen youth female soccer players performed countermovement jump testing pre, post-match, and post-tournament, and sprint testing pre and post-tournament. Jump height differed significantly (p

The effectiveness of achieving pre-determined goals by a military recreation department was studied at Hill Air Force Base, Utah. "Evaluation of Community Recreation" was the evaluation tool that was used, It is published by the National Recreation and Parks Association and was validated by the Great Lakes District Program Standards Committee in 1965. This evaluation contains 35 standards of measure involving 125 criteria to determine program effectiveness. These standards are in the general areas of philosophy and goals; administration; personnel; programming; areas, facilities, and equipment; and evaluation of The study indicated a high degree of performance for programming and areas, facilities, and equipment operation. The overall program is a very good program operating above an adequate degree of performance according to this study.

Much criticism has been directed at the physical educators in most of our public schools regarding their methods of determining pupil marks for participation in physical education classes. This criticism has come from many sources. It has come from physical educators, educators, pupils, and the general public. This study is important in a number of ways. First, the leading physical educators of Utah are making an effort at the present time to gain the same recognition for physical education as is given to the academic subjects in the high schools of the state. The cause for which these physical educators are striving might possilby be struck an "acute blow" should this study reveal that the factors used by the male physical educators consist purely of attendance and conformity to rules and regulations. Second, the results of this study should reveal the specific marking factors used by the authorities reviewed, and the male directors concerned in this study. This information would then show what both authorities and directors use as a basis for determining pupil marks. Third, the comparisons drawn in this study between those factors used by the directors and those factors used and advocated by certain accepted leaders in the field should show vital information as follows: (1) where the male directors in our high schools get the marking factors upon which they mak, and (2) whether or not certain leaders in the field of physical education are influencing the choice of marking factors used by the physical educators in our high schools. Fourth, the results of this study should be of importance to the state Department of Public Instruction. This department should be able to determine from these results whether or not the male physical educators in the various high schools of the State are using the marking factors as advocated by the State Course of Study for Physical Education in the Secondary Schools of Utah. Fifth, the administrators in the high schools of Utah could use these results to determine how closely their directors are using marking factors which confrom to the aims and objectives of education in general.