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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Representações Sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\": concepções e práticas de profissionais da atenção básica / Social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\": primary care professionals concepts and practices.

Sartori, Nely Regina 14 October 2015 (has links)
A \"loucura\" e o \"louco\", ao longo dos tempos, tiveram sua concepção compreendida, pensada e teorizada de diversas maneiras, em diferentes momentos históricos. No Brasil, a atenção à saúde mental é marcada pela perspectiva asilar e centrada na doença, fragmentando o indivíduo e suas necessidades. No âmbito das políticas públicas, relevante atenção ocorre para o estabelecimento de medidas para articular os serviços que dispensam cuidados a pessoa com transtorno mental, substitutivos ao modelo hospitalocêntrico, ficando evidente o esforço empreendido de não se reduzir a Reforma Psiquiátrica à desospitalização, colocando em pauta ações na atenção básica como componente essencial à desinstitucionalização do cuidado a pessoas com transtorno mental. Objetivou-se com este estudo conhecer e descrever as representações sociais de profissionais de saúde da atenção básica do município de Marília acerca do transtorno mental e da assistência prestada ao doente mental. Tratou-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo de campo, cujo referencial teórico de investigação foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS). Os locais de estudo foram as Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e Unidades Saúde da Família (USF) da cidade de Marília. Fizeram parte desse estudo 12 profissionais de saúde. Elegemos a entrevista semi estruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados e para análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. No presente estudo duas categorias emergiram: Representações sociais sobre o \"louco\" e a \"loucura\" e Práticas de Saúde e Atenção Básica. Identificamos que as Representações Sociais (RS) sobre o \"louco\" estão ancoradas na desrazão, na periculosidade, agressividade, incapacidade de relacionamentos interpessoais, com comprometimento familiar e de trabalho. A visão estigmatizante e excludente esteve presente nos discursos de forma implícita e explicita. Alguns profissionais conseguem conceber conviver com a pessoa portadora de transtorno mental em espaços sociais, mas não em espaços privados. Falta de autonomia esteve vinculada à figura da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois o transtorno mental leva a dependência, incapacidade das escolhas e possibilidade de superação. A \"loucura\" foi representada como de origem psicológica, biológica, espiritual, hereditária, social ou multicausal. A abordagem terapêutica concebida, pela maioria, como eficaz e possível nas UBS e USF foi a prescrição medicamentosa. A figura médica, a medicalização e alienação dos sujeitos, o estigma e a falta de capacitação foram as fragilidades apontadas por este estudo, por outro lado a escuta terapêutica e o acolhimento dos profissionais de saúde constituíram-se aspectos de potencialidades. Em relação à UBS e USF essas foram concebidas como sendo espaços inadequados a cuidar da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental, pois esses indivíduos além de possuírem uma complexidade no atendimento, geram sobrecarga de trabalho e uma demanda afetiva-técnica específica. Muitos conceberam que os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) são os espaços dentro da Atenção Básica destinados e adequados à essa população e que a Saúde Mental não faz parte das estratégias abordadas pelas Atenção Básica. Pudemos concluir com este estudo que o estigma é a maior barreira para a conquista de autonomia e cidadania da pessoa portadora de transtorno mental e que as práticas profissionais estão ancoradas em nossas representações sociais, só sendo possível transformar os processos sociais e nossas práticas quando admitirmos que nossas representações concebem esses indivíduos como diferentes, excluídos e marginalizados / Throughout the years, mad and madness has had their conception understood, thought through and theorized in many forms and in different historical moments. In Brazil, mental health care is based in homes and centered in the illness, hence, fragmenting the individual and their needs. Regarding public policies, important attention is given establishing ways to replace the hospital-centered model and articulate services that provide care to people with mental disorder. In this way, highlighting the effort undertaken not to reduce the Psychiatry Reform to discharging people from the hospital only. But it is also giving attention to primary care service as an essential element for mental disorder care deinstitutionalization. The purpose of this study is to get to know and describe social representations of primary care health professionals in the city of Marilia about mental disorder and also the assistance provided to the mentally ill. It is an exploratory-descriptive field study, whose theoretical background of investigation was the Social Representation Theory (SRT). The places where the study took place were Health Centers and Family Health Centers in the city of Marilia. Twelve health professionals took part on this study. The method for data collection was the semi-structured interview and content analyses technique for data analyses. Two categories emerged at the present study; social representations about the \"mad\" and the \"madness\" and Health and Primary Care Practices. We identified that Social Representations about the \"mad\" are based on discerning incapability, dangerousness, aggressiveness, incapability of interpersonal relationships, compromising family and work. The stigmatizing and excluding view were direct and indirectly present throughout the speeches. Some professionals manage to be able to live with mental disorder patients in social environments but not private ones. Lack of autonomy has been related with the mentally disordered patient, because mental disorder takes to dependency, incapability of choosing and possibility of overcoming. \"Madness\" was represented as having a psychological, biological, spiritual, hereditary, social or multiple cause background. The therapeutic approach conceived by most professionals as efficient and possible at the health centers was drug prescription. Doctors, medicalization, alienation of the subject, stigma and lack of capability were the weaknesses presented by the study. On the other hand, therapeutic listening and the health professionals welcoming were positive aspects. Regarding the Health Centers and the Family Health Centers, they were considered inappropriate to assist mentally disordered patient because these patients demand a complex assistance creating an overload of work and a specific emotional demand. Many conceived that Psychosocial Attention Centers (CAPS in Portuguese) are places inside primary care designed and suitable for this group and that mental health is not part of the strategies approached by primary care. We could conclude based on this study that stigma is the biggest barrier for acquiring the mentally disordered patient\"s autonomy and citizenship. Another conclusion is that professional practices are grounded in our social representations being only possible to transform social process and practices when we admit that our representations recognize these group of people as different, excluded and marginalized
102

Reações adversas a medicamentos e a farmacovigilância: conhecimentos e condutas de profissionais de saúde de um hospital da rede sentinela / Adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance: professional knowledqe and health behaviors in a sentinel hospital

Modesto, Ana Carolina Figueiredo 09 July 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-09T16:23:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Figueiredo Modesto - 2014.pdf: 6541862 bytes, checksum: e3323351d0b19ca89de7c95a670ee23b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-02-12T17:42:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Figueiredo Modesto - 2014.pdf: 6541862 bytes, checksum: e3323351d0b19ca89de7c95a670ee23b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-12T17:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Figueiredo Modesto - 2014.pdf: 6541862 bytes, checksum: e3323351d0b19ca89de7c95a670ee23b (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-09 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Background: The use of drugs isn’t harmless, and require greater attention by health professionals to assist in identifying and preventing adverse drug reactions. These, and other problems related to drug use are the subject of study of pharmacovigilance. It becomes necessary knowledge by health professionals to improve patient safety. Objective: To measure the knowledge and attitudes among healthcare professionals in a teaching hospital towards adverse drugs reactions and a pharmacovigilance program. Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted from October 2013 to January 2014 with 54 health professionals in a medical unit and in the pharmacy of a sentinel hospital. Data were collected through a questionnaire divided into three sessions: the first is the profissiographic and demographic characteristics of health professionals, and the subsequent identification of knowledge on adverse drug reactions and Pharmacovigilance hospital program. Results: There was a predominance of technical professionals in nursing (35.2%), female (79.6%), aged between 26 and 30 years (33.4%). Almost half of the participants (46.2%) had knowledge about adverse drug reactions, likewise 35.8% did towards pharmacovigilance. The probability of having knowledge about adverse drug reactions increases with longer professional training and activities at the institution, and the same does not occur with the knowledge of pharmacovigilance. Regarding the institutional knowledge, only 11.1% of participants stated that they know the site that has operations across the suspected adverse drug reactions and 38.9% reported the knowledge about the inclusion of the institution on a pharmacovigilance program. Conclusion: There was a predominance of female professionals, the technical area in nursing and training time and work at less than or equal to five years institution. It was observed that doctors have more knowledge about the concept of adverse drug reaction, and nurse technician, the lowest. Health professionals had little knowledge about the location of the institution that has operations across the adverse drug reactions and inserting the same in any program pharmacovigilance. / Introdução: A utilização de medicamentos não está isenta de riscos, maior atenção por parte dos profissionais de saúde pode auxiliar na identificação e prevenção das Reações Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM). Estas, e demais problemas relacionados ao seu uso são objeto de estudo da Farmacovigilância (FV). Faz-se necessário seu conhecimento, por parte dos profissionais de saúde, como forma de contribuir para a segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Identificar os conhecimentos e condutas de profissionais de saúde de um hospital de ensino frente às Reações Adversas a Medicamentos e ao programa de Farmacovigilância hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, com coleta de dados realizada no período de outubro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014 com 54 profissionais de saúde em uma unidade de clínica médica e no serviço de farmácia de um hospital da rede sentinela. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário dividido em três sessões: a primeira consiste na caracterização demográfica e profissiográfica dos participantes, e as subsequentes, na identificação dos conhecimentos e condutas sobre as Reações Adversas a Medicamentos e ao programa de Farmacovigilância hospitalar. Resultados: Quase metade dos participantes (46,2%) mostraram conhecimentos sobre RAM, destes, os médicos foram os que detém maior conhecimento em relação aos demais profissionais (p=0,00). Em contrapartida, os técnicos em enfermagem mostraram menos conhecimento (p=0,00). Um total de 35,8% dos participantes do estudo mostraram conhecimentos em relação à FV, destes, os farmacêuticos demonstraram maior conhecimento em relação aos demais profissionais (p=0,00), em oposição, os médicos apresentaram menores conhecimentos sobre este conceito (p=0,01). A probabilidade de apresentar conhecimentos sobre as RAM aumenta em profissionais com maior tempo de formação e atuação na instituição, e o mesmo não ocorre com os conhecimentos sobre a farmacovigilância. Somente 11,1% dos participantes declararam conhecer o local que tenha atuação frente às suspeitas de RAM e 38,9% mencionaram o conhecimento acerca da inserção da instituição em um programa de FV. Conclusão: Houve predominância de profissionais do sexo feminino, da área técnica em enfermagem e tempo de formação e de trabalho na instituição inferior ou igual à cinco anos. Observou-se, dentre os profissionais participantes do estudo, que os médicos possuem maior conhecimento sobre o conceito de RAM, e o técnico em enfermagem, o menor. Os profissionais de saúde apresentaram poucos conhecimentos quanto ao local da instituição que tenha atuação frente às RAM, bem como a inserção da mesma em algum programa de FV.
103

Precauções padrão: conhecimento e prática de acadêmicos de enfermagem e medicina para prevenção e controle de infecção em hospital escola / Standard precautions: knowledge and practice among nursing and medical students for prevention of infection control in a school hospital

Zapata, Mary Rocha Carneiro Garcia 03 October 2008 (has links)
Submitted by Carla Ferreira (carlaferreira66@gmail.com) on 2014-07-30T15:27:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Mary Rocha C G Zapata.pdf: 686768 bytes, checksum: 45a972744b4dafd27d6d122dd04e531c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-30T15:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Mary Rocha C G Zapata.pdf: 686768 bytes, checksum: 45a972744b4dafd27d6d122dd04e531c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-03 / The adherence / Adesão à Precauções Padrão (PP) é fundamental para a prevenção
104

Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Secondary School Students in Nigeria

Omale, Johnson John 01 January 2014 (has links)
Bold
105

The care to share HIV disclosure study - the attitudes toward and beliefs about HIV disclosure among perinatally-infected HIV-positive youth and their caregivers.

Noroski, Lenora M. Markham, Christine M., Parcel, Guy S., Fu, Yun-Xin January 2009 (has links)
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3551. Adviser: Christine Markham. Includes bibliographical references.
106

Factors surrounding and strategies to reduce recapping used needles by nurses at a Venezuelan public hospital

Galindez Araujo, Luis J. January 2009 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2009. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 224 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
107

The Lived Experience of Women of Mexican Heritage with HIV/AIDS

Dominguez, Linda Maria, 1950- January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
108

Making homes smoke-free : the impact of an empowerment intervention for parents

Herbert, Rosemary, 1955- January 2008 (has links)
One-third of American children under the age of 18 years and one in ten Canadian children aged 0-11 years are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) predisposing them to multiple health problems. Although several intervention strategies to reduce ETS exposure among children have been tested, to date there is not enough evidence to recommend one strategy over another. The objectives of this study were: (a) to test if parents' participation in an intervention based on an empowerment ideology and participatory experiences decreases the number of cigarettes smoked in homes; and (b) to identify barriers to making homes and vehicles smoke-free, as well as facilitators used by parents to manage these barriers. To enable informed decision-making on how to measure empowerment, a systematic review was conducted to identify questionnaires that best measure health-related empowerment among adults and in families. / In a randomized controlled trial, 36 families were allocated to the intervention (n=17) or control group (n=19). The six week intervention included three, two hour group sessions, followed by three follow-up telephone calls, all at weekly intervals. Data were collected in interviewer-administered questionnaires at baseline and at six months follow-up. / No significant difference was detected between the intervention and control groups in the number of cigarettes smoked in the home daily at six months follow-up. However empowerment increased and the number of cigarettes smoked in the home decreased in both the intervention and control groups from baseline (median=17) to six-month follow-up (median=5). / Parents identified multiple barriers to smoke-free homes and vehicles including personal factors, factors involving others, and factors related to the physical environment. The most commonly identified barriers to smoke-free homes were personal factors, with tobacco addiction cited most often. In describing how to overcome barriers, parents identified facilitators involving other people as most effective, yet they most often relied on themselves. None ofthe parents identified a health provider as a facilitator. The multiple and complex barriers identified in this study suggest that interventions and practice guidelines should incorporate multiple strategies and individualized approaches to assist parents to make their homes and vehicles smoke-free.
109

Educating patients with heart failure /

Gwadry-Sridhar, Femida. Guyatt, Gordon Henry. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 2005. / "Health Research Methodology". Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.
110

The emergence of the social determinants of health on the policy agenda in Britain : a case study 1980-2003 /

Andress, Lauri. Linder, Stephen H. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-166).

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