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Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, do tipo descritivo e exploratório, de corte transversal, em que se utilizou inquérito populacional domiciliar, que teve por objetivo analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres com bexiga hiperativa no município de Sorocaba/SP, verificar as correlações existentes entre os escores de QV e algumas variáveis sócio-demográficas e clínicas da amostra, além de verificar as correlações existentes entre os escores de QV e a Escala de Sintomas do KHQ. Foi utilizado um questionário sócio-demográfico e clínico e o questionário específico de QV King\'s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), sendo que o estudo foi aprovado previamente pelo Comitê de Ética da PUC/SP. A população do estudo foi constituída por 334 mulheres das quais foram selecionadas para a amostra as 33 que apresentaram os sintomas caracterizadores de bexiga hiperativa (BH) e que possibilitaram uma estimação da prevalência da mesma para o município. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos domicílios das mulheres e o banco de dados implantado com o uso do software SPSS versão 13.0 foi submetido às análises estatísticas através da análise de regressão linear categórica pelo método CATREG (Categorical Regression with Optimal Scaling), tendo sido realizadas por meio dos programas estatísticos GENSTAT for Windows versão 8, Sudaan 7.5 e NCSS 2007. Foram avaliadas as correlações não paramétricas entre os dados sócio-demográficos e clínicos e os domínios do KHQ pelo Coeficiente de postos de Spearman e foram avaliadas as significâncias do qui-quadrado do Teste de Hosmer-Lemeshow que variaram de 0,384 a 0,85; indicando bom ajuste dos modelos, que foi a forma escolhida para a organização das variáveis para a análise. O teste da razão de verossimilhança mostrou que a contribuição de cada variável nos modelos ajustados foi significante (p< 0,05). A presença ou não de multicolinearidade (alta correlação entre as variáveis independentes) foi testada em cada modelo. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% e as estatísticas com p descritivo <= 0,05 foram consideradas significantes. As propriedades psicométricas do KHQ foram dadas pelo Alpha de Cronbach (LAVD=0,76; LF=0,42; LS=0,82; RP=0,98; AE=0,90; SD=0,83 e MG=0,80). Os sintomas considerados, em ordem de importância foram freqüência diurna, freqüência noturna, urge-incontinência e urgência, sendo que o teste de NagelKerke mostrou que essas características explicam 72% da variação da ocorrência de BH. Os domínios do KHQ com maiores escores médios foram II (49,49); SD (45,95); LAVD (40,40) e PGS (40,15). As variáveis referentes aos sintomas específicos de BH, \"freqüência diurna aumentada\", \"urgência\" e \"urge-incontinência\", tiveram uma associação positiva e significante com todos os domínios do KHQ, com destaque para II (R2 = 0,631), sendo que a UI foi a mais importante. A presença de diabetes mellitus, hipertensão, neuropatias, infecções do trato urinário, dores, climatério, idade mais avançada, constipação intestinal, cirurgias pélvicas prévias, paridade aumentada, pouca atividade sexual e pouca libido e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas, pimenta e cafeína estão estatisticamente relacionadas com a BH. O estudo concluiu que a BH contribui para uma piora significativa na qualidade de vida específica das mulheres de Sorocaba por ela acometidas / This study aims to analyze the quality of life (QoL) of the women with Overactive Bladder (OAB) according the ICS definition, verify the correlations between the Qol scores and the social, demographics and clinical characteristics of the sample, and verify the correlations between the KHQ scores and the symptoms scale. It was approved by the Ethical Committee and investigated 334 women in the female population that filled out a social, demographic and clinical questionnaire and the King´s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), a specific health related questionnaire to evaluate QOL and symptoms of women with urinary incontinence and OAB. Women with evaluable data were included (33) in this study and it were possible to assess the prevalence of OAB in the city. The interview were made at the women\'s home and the data was organized with the software SPSS version 13.0 and analysed with the Categorical Regression with Optimal Scaling (CATREG) by the stathistical programs GENSTAT for Windows versão 8, Sudaan 7.5 e NCSS 2007. It was evaluated the non parametric correlations between the KHQ domains and the social, demographic and clinical data by the Spearman Rank Correlation, the significances of the Qui-square of the Hosmer-Lemeshow Test ranging from 0,384-0,85 with a good adjustment of the models. The test shows that the contribution of any variables was significant (p<0,05). The psychometric properties were tested using the Cronbach\'s Alpha Coefficient (RL=0,76; PL=0,42; SL=0,82; PR=0,98; E=0,90; SE=0,83 e SM=0,80). The symptoms considered was diurnal urinary frequency, nocturnal frequency, urinary urge incontinence and urgency in this important sequence and the NagelKerk test shows that this characteristics explains 72% of the occurrence ranging of OAB. The KHQ domains with the high scores were UII (49,49), SE (45,95); RL (40,40) and GHP (40,15). The symptoms diurnal frequency, urgency, and urinary urge incontinence had a positive and significant association with the KHQ domains and the urinary urge incontinence was the best one (R2 = 0,631). Diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, neurological problems, urinary tract infections, pain, perimenopausal symptoms, high age, constipation, pelvic surgery, many deliveries, few sexual relationships, few libido, alcoholic beverages, pepper and caffeine were statistical related with the OAB. The authors concluded that the OAB improves a significant worst in the women\'s HRQoL

Objectives. Evaluate differences in depressive symptoms, compare sociodemographic and health-related variables associated with depressive symptoms and report level of impact of depressive symptoms on daily activities. Methods. Cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) diagnostic survey on 1115 patients aged 60–93 years who attended a primary care clinic in Korea, Russia or USA. Results. At least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of ≥5) occurred in 28% of Koreans, 65% of Russian and 27% of US participants. Russians scored more depressed on all PHQ-9 items (P < 0.01) and more suicidal thoughts (P < 0.001), while Koreans had less feelings of worthlessness (P < 0.001). Depression predictors included poorer self-rated health [odds ratio (OR) 2.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84–3.33, P < 0.0001], chronic diseases (OR 1.34, CI 1.21–1.48, P < 0.0001), female gender (OR 1.56, CI 1.15–2.12, P = 0.0046) and religious attendance (OR 0.88, CI 0.79–0.97, P = 0.0099) for all subjects. Being employed was protective in Korea (OR 0.41, CI 0.21–0.77, P = 0.0061) and being married (OR 0.42, CI 0.27–0.66, P = 0.0002) and of older age (OR 0.95, CI 0.93–0.98, P = 0.0006) protective in US participants. Vascular disease was associated with depressive symptoms in Russia (OR 3.47, CI 1.23–9.80, P = 0.0187). In regression analyses stratified by country for a given level of depressive symptoms, the Russian sample had less impact on daily activities (Russia R2 = 0.107 versus Korea R2 = 0.211 and US R2 = 0.419) P = 0.029. Conclusions. Depressive symptoms were more common in Russia than in Korea and USA but had less impact on daily functioning. Cultural or environmental factors may account for this finding.

Introduction: Medical advances have resulted in reduced mortality of pediatric patients with Intestinal Failure. Consequently, more patients go home on parenteral nutrition (PN) for extended durations. This time-consuming and complicated therapy necessitates persistent vigilance in monitoring and response to potential life-threatening side effects. These issues may impact quality of life (QOL) for patients, caregivers and families. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, mixed-methods analysis of multidimensional QOL used a quantitative battery assessment and a qualitative focus group. Questionnaire results were compared to published norms, published small bowel transplant (SBTx), and institutional SBTx patients. Results: Home PN proxy assessments scored children lower than published norms but similar to SBTx. The child self-reports were similar to both normative and SBTx populations, except lower general and overall health. Generic questionnaires did not capture disease-specific issues. Conclusion: QOL is compromised in children on home PN and caregivers compared to norms but is similar to SBTx.

Introduction: Medical advances have resulted in reduced mortality of pediatric patients with Intestinal Failure. Consequently, more patients go home on parenteral nutrition (PN) for extended durations. This time-consuming and complicated therapy necessitates persistent vigilance in monitoring and response to potential life-threatening side effects. These issues may impact quality of life (QOL) for patients, caregivers and families. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, mixed-methods analysis of multidimensional QOL used a quantitative battery assessment and a qualitative focus group. Questionnaire results were compared to published norms, published small bowel transplant (SBTx), and institutional SBTx patients. Results: Home PN proxy assessments scored children lower than published norms but similar to SBTx. The child self-reports were similar to both normative and SBTx populations, except lower general and overall health. Generic questionnaires did not capture disease-specific issues. Conclusion: QOL is compromised in children on home PN and caregivers compared to norms but is similar to SBTx.

Introduction Numerous preventive programmes have emerged, and need to be investigated to determine their effects on the normal population. Earlier studies have shown a decrease in depressive symptoms, positive effects on children’s disruptive behaviour problems, and an improvement in parental competence. About a fifth of the parents in previous studies had problem-oriented (targeted) reasons for enrolment, whereas the rest of the parents had general (universal) reasons. The results of those studies suggest that the programmes are cost effective in terms of Quality-Adjusted Life Years. Aim Four sub-studies were performed, and their aims were to investigate the effect of parental training programmes (PTPs) in a naturalistic setting on parents’ mental health in the general population, to investigate how PTPs affect parents’ sense of parental competence, to investigate how PTPs affect parental stress and analyse the parents open questions about the PTPs, and to investigate the feasibility and to measure the effect on depression, anxiety, and social problems of two preventive school programmes for pupils in grade 7. Method In a longitudinal quantitative study in a real-world setting, 279 parents from the general population in northern Sweden participated in five PTPs. A comparison group of 702 parents without intervention was included. Simultaneously, a community sample of 59 pupils in grade 7 participated in two preventive school programmes. Both studies were conducted from 2010 to 2013. Parents were assigned to professionally supported interventions that included 5-10 two-hour sessions. Respondents filled in a web-based questionnaire with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Parents Sense of Competence (PSOC) for parents who had children aged 0-17 years, and the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) for parents who had children aged 0-10 years. The intervention groups’ results were compared to comparison group of 702 parents from northern Sweden that had not participated in any parental training programme. In the school study, one of the preventive programmes was an ongoing programme called “Life-Skills”, and the other was an implemented Canadian programme called “Choosing Healthy Actions and Thoughts” (CHAT). The pupils completed a test battery including the Sense of Coherence (SOC), the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) instruments. Follow up of the parental programme study was done six months after the post-intervention measure, and follow up of the school study was at one year. Results The improvements in GHQ were statistically significant for the mean of the 279 parents in the intervention group compared to the mean of a comparison group of the 702 parents who did not receive any intervention. This suggests that evidence-based PTPs enhance parental well-being even for parents without problems. The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in parental competence compared to the comparison group over time. The intervention itself had a significant effect on parental satisfaction, but the efficacy effect was not sustained when taking into account potential confounders. In the SPSQ, the intervention group was smaller due to the fact that the instrument was not validated for children over the age of 10 and one of the parental training groups was only for parents of teenagers. A reduction of stress in the sub-scale of health problems was detected, but no other subscale showed the intervention to have a significant effect when controlling for confounding variables. In the school study, both programmes had good feasibility according to the stake- holders and had several positive mental health outcomes over time. Compared to Life-Skills, CHAT had more significant positive effects on reducing anxious/depressive symptoms and girls experienced significant positive effects on reduced anxious/depressive behaviour, while boys reduced their aggressive behaviours. Conclusions Earlier studies indicate that PTPs enhance perceived parental competence among referred parents. The present study shows that PTPs applied in the general population might also enhance perceived parental benefits such as improved health and satisfaction, suggesting that PTPs can be an important preventive strategy to enhance parenthood. The results suggest that parents who feel a need to increase their parenting competence might participate in PTPs based on lower scores than the comparison control group both before and after the intervention. The school-based programme shows that schools may be a suitable arena for preventive programmes because there was a significant short-term improvement in depression symptoms. Further studies need to explore how parents’ participation in PTPs affects children’s mental health in the general population in quantitative longitudinal studies in real-word settings. There is also a need for bigger studies and RCTs on school preventions and on how children’s health develops naturally in the population.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The aim of the present study was to determine whether it was possible to identify changes in levels of postpartum depression and maternal adjustment and attitude in primiparae before and after birth. It aimed, furthermore, at assessing certain risk factors that could provide an understanding of the etiological factors (causes, determinants) influencing postpartum levels of depression and maternal adjustment and attitude. The study focused on risk factors among married and unmarried primiparae (first time mothers), with a view to establishing vulnerability profiles of the respective groups. The specific risk factors that formed part of the investigation were social support, personality (neuroticism) and life events. All the subjects investigated were recruited from the Mitchells Plain Maternity and Obstetrics Unit. A sample of 70 subjects, in the third trimester of pregnancy, voluntarily participated in the first part of this study. Of these, 26 belonged to the married group and 44 belonged to the unmarried group. As a result of the attrition factor, 57 subjects constituted the final sample for analysis. The final sample comprised 20 married and 37 unmarried subjects. Subjects were followed up four to eight weeks postpartum. Results revealed that there were no significant changes in levels of depression between the married and unmarried groups, either before or after delivery. Of significance was that with the event of birth, the depression scores amongst women rated high in neuroticism decreased significantly. Married women with high social support satisfaction scores were found to have low depression scores. Similarly, married women who experienced fewer negative life events had lower levels of depression than did the unmarried women who experienced fewer negative life events. The maternal adjustment and attitude scores did not change before or after birth, except in the married group. The married group showed a significant increase in scores on the maternal adjustment and attitude scores after the birth of the child. Regarding personality (neuroticism), the high neuroticism scorers had significantly lower maternal adjustment and attitude than did the low neuroticism scorers. As was the case with social support and depression, married women with high social support had a higher maternal adjustment and attitude. A significant effect of negative life events on maternal adjustment and attitude was only found for the married women (after delivery) who experienced a low number of life events. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed, in order to yield a model in which the depression and maternal adjustment and attitude scores would be predicted by risk factors. The finding of this analysis for both depression and maternal attitude and adjustment was not significant. Social Identity theory was suggested as a possible interpretation of these results. Future research which views social identity as a factor in understanding postpartum depression and maternal adjustment and attitude has been proposed .