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The purpose of this project has been to evaluate different candidate designs and make design adjustments on the implant in the bone-anchored hearing system (BAHS). This was performed to minimize the surgical procedure and at the same time contain high implant stability. New adjustable abutment concepts have been conceptualized in this project with the reason to create a product more customized for each patient.    The work has been carried out by following the Stanford design thinking model. Five stages were involved in the development process: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test. The empathize process generated data on existing components, including their advantages and disadvantages. The users have been identified and their requirements defined. Throughout the ideate process, ideas were developed through a variety of innovative methods. The idea phase produced four implant concepts and two abutment concepts, which were then refined in the concept phase. After the concept evaluation stage, the implant concepts were reduced to three, then modeled in 3D, manufactured, and tested. Due to project-related challenges and time constraints, the abutment concept designs were set aside for future development and were not manufactured nor tested.  The final product is called the Ponto C4.2 implant. The concept is 1 mm shorter in length and features a unique design, making it the smallest implant currently available for adults with promising ex vivo mechanical performance and stability in comparison with the currently available implants. The design results in decreased osteotomy by minimizing the pre-drilling in the skull bone, which reduces the risks during the implementation procedure and could potentially simplify the installation process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Nenhuma / TEMA: A prática clínica tem demonstrado que idosos usuários de prótese auditiva, mesmo revelando declínio, ou piora dos limiares auditivos, apresentam manutenção ou aumento do Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala (IPRF) sugerindo a possível existência de plasticidade neural nas áreas pertinentes, concomitantemente com a melhora da compreensão de fala mediante estimulação contínua do sistema auditivo. OBJETIVO: comparar o Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Fala (IPRF) antes e após um ano de exposição, entre usuários e não usuários de prótese auditiva. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico não randomizado, com 48 idosos, divididos entre grupo controle (24 não usuários de prótese auditiva) e grupo de intervenção (24 usuários de prótese auditiva unilateral). Foi avaliado o IPRF antes e após um ano de exposição. Os idosos foram pareados em sexo, faixa de idade, tipo e grau de perda auditiva, para que a diferença pudesse demonstrar somente a intervenção. RESULTADOS: Os idosos usuários de prótese auditi / SUBJECT: Clinical practice has demonstrated that elderly users of hearing aids, even when showing decline or worsening of auditory thresholds, maintain or increase the Percentage Index of Speech Recognition through monosyllabic words (PISR), indicating the possible existence of neuronal plasticity in the pertinent areas simultaneously with the improvement of speaking comprehension through continuous stimulation of the hearing system. PURPOSE: to compare the PISR between users and non-users of hearing prosthesis before and after a year of exposure. METHOD: Clinical trial not-randomized with 48 elderly divided in two groups: control group (24 non-users of hearing prosthesis) and intervention group (24 users of hearing prosthesis). The PISR was measured before and after a year of exposure. The elderly were paired according to gender, age and type and degree of hearing loss, thus the difference could demonstrate only the intervention. RESULTS: The elderly users of hearing prosthesis have presented a meaning

中國大陸從民主國家引進「聽證會」制度，是一種「有組織、有結構」的表達機制。要瞭解中國「聽證會」制度的全貌與意涵，首先掌握民主國家聽證理論，並在「民主政治」、「自然正義」、「正當法律程序」及「公開與公民參與」等立論原則，來加以探索民主國家對聽證之成因與面貌。另在文獻蒐集與探討中，從1993年至今，完整編織中國「聽證會」的發展背景動機和歷史演變，透過聽證理論與「聽證會」發展之比對分析，藉以說明中國與民主國家在「聽證」觀點上之差異。 在現行中國聽證會制度之法制規範上，從「聽證會」在中國大陸司法、行政立法過程之相關會議資料，和中央、地方近年來之施行情形，探求其制度正處於何種地位，瞭解中國「聽證會」之地位後，陸續歸納中國憲法內相關對聽證的立憲基礎，還有全國人大、全國人大常委會、國務院及地方等行政立法機關，在司法、行政立法聽證的法律規章之聽證法源依據，進而分析聽證在大陸的適法範圍及功能。另由司法賠償、行政立法及行政處罰之聽證個案實例，進一步深層瞭解「聽證會」實際操作面向。 文內採用文獻探討法，就已蒐集中國大陸司法、行政立法聽證之意涵、種類、政策基礎、規範原則、運作程序等百篇文獻，對與主題有關的縱向因素之因果關係加以整理、掌握，並藉以分析聽證之本質內涵，在透由探討與發現問題，將有系統對中國聽證會在司法聽證、行政立法聽證及民主政治等方面的問題影響加以整理說明。最後提出結論與建議，以提供問題解決方向。 / Communist China adopts the hearing system, a well organized and structured expression mechanism, from the western democracies in 1993. With this background, understanding the hearing theories of the western democracies becomes the prerequisite to study the full context and implications of China’s hearing system. Those who are interested in the creation of the western hearing system must realize that the system is based on theories such as democracy, natural justice, due process of law, and public civil participation. With thorough researches of documents and analyses, the motivation and history of China’s hearing system shall be studied and the differences between China and the western democracies shall be analyzed by comparing the theories and evolution of the two hearing systems. In order to identify with the role of China’s current hearing system, related materials collected from several important meetings carried out by China’s judicial and administrative-legislative authorities, as well as implementation of hearing at the central and local levels are investigated. When this investigation is concluded, how hearing system functions within the scope of China’s constitution will be induced. Furthermore, how hearings are functioned and supported by China’s existing laws when they are performed at National People Congress (NPC), NPC’s Standing Committee, State Council and local authorities will also be examined. Case studies of hearings regarding to judicial compensation, administrative-legislative and administrative penalties are provided to further help understand the real performance of the hearing activities in China. The literature review methodology is taken on in this thesis . Over one hundred periodicals, papers, and documents on the subject of hearing are collected and studied. These materials include the definition, types, principles, norms and procedures of China’s judicial and administrative-legislative hearings. By studying the literature and identifying the cause and effect, a systematic explanation of the correlation between China’s judicial and administrative-legislative hearing structure and democracy is concluded and possible solutions are recommended.

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