Orientador: Iracema Helena Schoenlein-Crusius / Banca: Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli / Banca: Sandra Farto Botelho Trufem / Banca: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis / Banca: Carlos Renato Corso / Resumo: Em solo contaminado com metais pesados na região do pólo cerâmico do município de Santa Gertrudes, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizado o levantamento taxonômico de fungos da ordem Mucorales (Zygomycota) utilizando-se o método da placa-de-solo, modificado pela aplicação de uma suspensão de solo (10%, p v-1) sobre malte agar (2%, p v-1) acrescido de Pb(NO3)2 ou Zn(NO3)2 nas concentrações de 0 (controle), 100, 200, 500 e 1000 mg L-1. As identificações e descrições taxonômicas foram realizadas utilizando-se SMA (synthetic Mucor agar), sendo obtidos os táxons: Absidia cylindrospora v. cylindrospora Hesselt. & Ellis, Cunninghamella phaeospora Boedijn, Mucor circinelloides Tiegh. f. circinelloides, M. circinelloides Tiegh. f. lusitanicus (Bruderl.) Schipper, M. circinelloides Tiegh. f. janssenii (Lendn.) Schipper, Mucor hiemalis Wehmer f. hiemalis, M. hiemalis Wehmer f. luteus (Linnem.) Schipper, Mucor racemosus Fresen. f. racemosus, Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., Zygorrhynchus moelleri Vuill. e Mucor bainieri Mehrotra & Baijal, que é citado pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Análises químicas de amostras de solo coletadas em quatro locais na área estudada confirmaram a contaminação severa por metais pesados em alguns dos locais, sendo que comparações entre o número de táxons obtidos no presente estudo com os dados de literatura permitiram concluir que houve prejuízo à diversidade de fungos na região. As biomassas secas e pulverizadas (2 g L-1) de Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis (SPC 2040) e de Mucor hiemalis f. luteus (SPC 2044) foram colocadas em contato, sob agitação a 120 rpm por 14 h, com soluções aquosas (pH 4) de Pb(NO3)2 e Zn(NO3)2 nas concentrações de 0,06, 0,13 e 0,17 mM e de 0,08, 0,16 e 0,23 mM, respectivamente, sendo comparadas ao carvão ativado (CA), utilizado como material adsorvente de referência / Abstract: In a heavy metal contaminated soil at ceramic pole of Santa Gertrudes region, São Paulo State, Brazil, a taxonomic survey of fungi of the order Mucorales (Zygomycota) have been done using the soil plate method, modified for a soil suspension (10%, p v-1) application on malt agar (2%, p v-1) added with Pb(NO3)2 or Zn(NO3)2 at 0 (control), 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg L-1 concentrations. Taxonomic identifications and descriptions have been done with SMA (synthetic Mucor agar), obtaining the taxa: Absidia cylindrospora v. cylindrospora Hesselt. & Ellis, Cunninghamella phaeospora Boedijn, Mucor circinelloides Tiegh. f. circinelloides, M. circinelloides Tiegh. f. lusitanicus (Bruderl.) Schipper, M. circinelloides Tiegh. f. janssenii (Lendn.) Schipper, Mucor hiemalis Wehmer f. hiemalis, M. hiemalis Wehmer f. luteus (Linnem.) Schipper, Mucor racemosus Fresen. f. racemosus, Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., Zygorrhynchus moelleri Vuill. and Mucor bainieri Mehrotra & Baijal, that is cited first time for Brazil. Chemical analyses of soil samples taken from four sites in the studied area confirm a severe contamination of heavy metals in some of the sites, and comparisons between taxa numbers obtained in the present study with literature data allowed conclude that there was fungal diversity disturbance in the region. The dry and grounded biomasses (2 g L-1) of Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis (SPC 2040) and Mucor hiemalis f. luteus (SPC 2044) was kept in contact, under agitation at 120 rpm during 14 h, with aqueous solutions (pH 4) of Pb(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 at 0.06, 0.13, 0.17 mM and 0.08, 0.16, 0.23 mM concentrations, respectively, being compared with activated charcoal (AC) as the reference adsorbent. The percentages amounts of metals removed from solutions, express by q% index, had presented the following adsorption sequences: AC > SPC 2044 > SPC 2040 for Pb and AC > SPC 2040 > SPC 2044 for Zn / Doutor

The partitioning among plant uptake, leaching from and storage in soil of micronutrient metals following heavy applications of poultry manure was studied in three greenhouse experiments. Following these experiments, the study examined the effect of manure application on content and composition of soil organic matter and also the distribution of metals in the organic fractions. Poultry manure was surface-applied to Grigg and Monroe silt loam soil columns at rates of 0, 20 and 40 t/ha in each of the first two experiments, whereas the third tested the residual effect of the manure applications. Treatments were replicated four times and completely randomized. The soil columns were planted to corn (Zea mays L.) and leached daily with demineralized water at an average rate of 1.0 cm/day for 30-40 days. Following leaching and harvest of the corn, the soil columns were sampled in two sections for chemical analysis. Metals in the soils, leachates and corn tissue were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Manure application significantly (P < 0.01) influenced corn yield in Experiments I and II. The 20 t/ha rate increased yield more than the 40 t/ha treatment. Yield increases over the check treatment in Experiment I were about 400% and 300% from the 20 and 40 t/ha treatments respectively. In Experiment II, yield response was significantly curvilinear (P < 0.01), with the 20t rate giving the highest yield. The possibility of NH₃ toxicity and excess soluble salt injury resulting from the 40 t/ha rate was suggested. In Experiment III yield increases over the check treatment were about 300% and 500% from the 20 and 40 t/ha previous rates respectively. The study found no evidence for significant uptake or leaching of the toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, or Pb), such as is usually encountered with sewage sludge application. In Experiments I and II, total uptake of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu increased with the application of 20 t/ha and then decreased with the 40 t rate. In Experiment III, previous manure applications led to increases in uptake of these metals. The concentration of these metals in corn tissue decreased with the application of 20 t/ha and then increased with the 40 t rate in Experiment I. However, In both Experiments II and III the tissue metal concentration decreased with manure application. These effects were attributed largely to changes in yield. However, in no case did changes in concentration of metals exceed suggested tolerance limits. These results suggested that relatively high rates of poultry manure may be applied to the soil without appreciable danger of developing conditions of micronutrient metal toxicities. High manure rates led to increased leaching losses of K and Na. However, leaching losses of Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu decreased with the application of 20 t/ha and then increased with the 40 t rate. Assuming independent contributions of metals from various potential sources, ratios of uptake and leaching losses to the input sources were examined. Both uptake and leaching losses of metals were small in magnitude in comparison with initial soil total levels and manure input. Despite the varied patterns of uptake and leaching losses of metals in response to the manure application, their storage in soil increased with rates of application. There was no consistent pattern in the distribution of metals in the top and lower halves of the soil columns after Experiments I and II. Examination of the distribution of organic fractions and associated metals following the greenhouse experiments indicated that soil organic matter content increased with manure application. The humic acid fraction made up 69 to 75% and the fulvic fraction 25 to 31% of the soil extractable organic matter. Despite such a high proportion of organic matter in the humic fraction, the data indicate that a greater proportion of metals in the organic fraction was associated with the fulvic fraction. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

This thesis was submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science. / Field observation at seven outcrops and subsequent polished section studies reveal that lead and zinc mineralization in the Hamilton vicinity occurred after the lithification of the host carbonates. The availability of open structures and the presence of potential reducing agents are the main controlling factors of sulphide deposition, The absence of an igneous source demands an origin of the metals from the sedimentary country rocks. Analysis of 14 shales and 12 dolomites by atomic absorption for Cu, Pb, and Zn indicates that the argillaceous rocks are potential source of the heavy metals. Furthermore, a simple leaching experiment has demonstrated that concentrated brine (sodium chloride solution) can preferentially leach lead and zinc from the shales. A mode of origin involving preferential_leaching can then adequately explain the scarcity of copper minerals in the Mississippi Valley-Type ore. It is suggested that better controlled leaching experiments at various temperatures should be done in conjunction with more extensive field work to check the plausibility of such a theory. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

No description available.

No description available.

Le cadmium est un métal lourd non-essentiel naturellement présent dans le sol. Il a été classé par le centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) comme un élément cancérigène de type I. Contrairement à la majorité des autres plantes, le tabac (Nicotiana tabacum) accumule le cadmium à des niveaux relativement élevés dans ses parties aériennes. Ce cadmium est ensuite retrouvé dans la fumée de cigarette. La concentration en cadmium dans les vaisseaux sanguins des fumeurs est deux à trois fois supérieure à celle que l'on rencontre chez les non-fumeurs. Pour diminuer la toxicité des cigarettes, il est souhaitable de diminuer la quantité de cadmium accumulé par le tabac dans ses feuilles. Pour parvenir à cet objectif, il est nécessaire de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans l'accumulation du cadmium chez le tabac.Les acteurs moléculaires impliqués dans le transport et l'accumulation du cadmium in-planta ont été principalement décrits chez l'espèce modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Chez cette plante, le cadmium est chargé dans le xylème par AtHMA2 et AtHMA4, deux transporteurs de zinc qui partagent une redondance fonctionnelle partielle et qui sont responsables de la translocation du cadmium des parties racinaires vers les parties aériennes. Deux orthologues à AtHMA2 et AtHMA4 ont été identifiés chez N. tabacum et nommés NtHMAα et NtHMAβ. Ces deux transporteurs sont principalement exprimés dans les racines mais on en trouve également dans les feuilles. NtHMAα a été localisé plus précisément au niveau des cellules du péricycle dans les racines et dans les nervures tertiaires des feuilles. L'étude de lignées mutantes a confirmé le rôle de NtHMAα et NtHMAβ dans la translocation du cadmium des parties racinaires vers les parties aériennes. Les lignées qui expriment une version tronquée de NtHMAα ont une réduction de leur teneur en cadmium foliaire de 45%. Les lignées dans lesquelles l'expression des gènes NtHMAα et NtHMAβ est réduite sont sévèrement impactées dans leur développement. Un des phénotypes observé est une diminution drastique de la quantité de graines en raison de l'incapacité du pollen à germer à cause d'un déficit en zinc. Nous avons montré que chez ces lignées, la tolérance au cadmium était accrue. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats montrent une grande redondance entre NtHMAα et NtHMAβ. / Cadmium is a heavy metal naturally present in the soil. It is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Unlike most other plants, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) translocates most of the cadmium taken up from the soil out of the roots and into the shoots. As a result, cadmium content in cigarettes is a problem for smokers who have four to five times higher blood cadmium concentrations than nonsmokers. In order to reduce cigarette toxicity it is desired to reduce cadmium accumulated in tobacco leaves. For this purpose, it is important to understand the mechanisms controlling cadmium accumulation in shoots.Molecular actors involved in cadmium repartition in plants have been well described in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, cadmium is loaded into the xylem vessels by HMA2 and HMA4, two zinc transporters with partial functional redundancy. Two orthologous proteins of AtHMA2 and AtHMA4 were identified in N. tabacum and named NtHMAα and NtHMAβ. These two transporters are mainly expressed in roots but their expression was also found in shoots. NtHMAα expression was more precisely found in root pericycle cells and in shoot tertiary nerves. The analysis of mutant lines confirmed that NtHMAα and NtHMAβ are involved in cadmium translocation from roots to shoots. Lines which expressed a truncated version of NtHMAα had a 45% reduction in shoot cadmium content. Lines where both NtHMAα and NtHMAβ were silenced were severely impacted in their development. One of the phenotypes that was identified was a drastic reduction in the number of seeds due to the lack of pollen germination. We also found an enhanced tolerance to cadmium in the silenced lines. Altogether, our results show a great redundancy between NtHMAα and NtHMAβ.

The purpose of this paper has been to examine the heavy metal band Sabatons use of history and to relate it to societal trends in today’s Sweden. I have examined Sabatons music, album covers and music videos in order to define a certain use of history. To do this I have used a use of history theory and a heavy metal theory. My results showed that some of Sabatons use of history could be defined as commercial and that the societal trends in today`s Sweden have in some cases affected the selection and presentation of events and characters that`s been portrayed by Sabaton. Earlier use of history in other forms of media, especially movies, has also played a part in the selection and presentation, which becomes particularly obvious in some of Sabatons music videos. However, an overall theme in my results have shown that the heavy metal cultures norms and ideas have been the main cause behind the selection, but especially the way characters and events is portrayed in their songs, an existential use of history.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-11-04T13:09:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tais Vidal dos Santos.pdf: 2722408 bytes, checksum: 8de3e2b633403b0c3f9813c8a8a64528 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-11-18T17:42:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tais Vidal dos Santos.pdf: 2722408 bytes, checksum: 8de3e2b633403b0c3f9813c8a8a64528 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-18T17:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Tais Vidal dos Santos.pdf: 2722408 bytes, checksum: 8de3e2b633403b0c3f9813c8a8a64528 (MD5) / Este trabalho decorre da pesquisa sobre o modo de produção, distribuição, circulação e consumo da música heavy metal e de gêneros extremos que compõem o que se constitui como cena metal underground, evidenciando as particularidades contidas na relação entre músicos, agentes promotores da música e público, bem como a sua especificidade no contexto sócio- cultural soteropolitano. A relação expressa a partir do gosto musical compartilhado se desdobra em três dimensões, segundo o fenômeno observado. Assim, buscou-se uma compreensão do processo de mobilização cultural considerando a dimensão estética, moral e material do reconhecimento do gênero musical pelo grupo engajado na perspectiva de produção underground. A investigação se propôs a identificar os pontos de conflito enunciados pela identidade de grupo que é forjada com o culto da música e a compreender o modo pelo qual este culto é representado como verdade, como qualidade do que é autêntico. Uma verdade que se experimenta na medida em que as representações são encarnadas por um conjunto de práticas. This work stems from research on the mode of production, distribution, circulation and consumption of heavy metal music and extreme genres that make up what is constituted as underground metal scene, showing the particulars contained in the relationship between musicians, music promoters and public, as well as its specificity in the Salvador’s social and cultural context. The relationship expressed from shared musical taste unfolds in three dimensions, according to the phenomenon observed. Thus, we sought an understanding of the process of cultural mobilization considering the aesthetic dimension, moral and material recognition of the genre by the group engaged in the production perspective underground. The research aimed to identify the points of conflict enunciated by group identity that is forged with the worship music and understand the way in which this cult is represented as true as it is authentic quality. A truth that is experienced in that the representations are embodied by a combination of practices.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaSM_DISSERT.pdf: 4464945 bytes, checksum: 1436f4eaf0ddca5a64460da0b3822df7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Our research intends to comprehend the configuration of the resistance (Foucault) as the stylization of life in the contemporary world, taking Heavy Metal as the specific object of study. We believe that Heavy Metal is an ethopoietical device which admits practices of freedom withstanding the reified moral habits since the beginning of the socialization. This is reflected, mainly, in the creation of new individual and communal ways to stylize the life. We also suggest an expansion of Foucault s concept of resistance, considering the idea of consumer society described by Zygmunt Bauman. Our hypothesis understands that the contact with the underground of Heavy Metal provides new ethical manners (Foucault), where the individual take the Heavy Metal as a way of life. At this point, the consumption becomes a key-word since the participation in the underground of Heavy Metal is a way of consumption out of the rules of marketing a practice of freedom, a way of particular existence , being different in both mode and duration / Nossa pesquisa visa compreender a configura??o da resist?ncia (Foucault) enquanto estiliza??o da vida na contemporaneidade, tendo o Heavy Metal enquanto objeto de estudo espec?fico. Acreditamos que o Metal se configure em um dispositivo ethopoi?tico possibilitador de pr?ticas de liberdade frente aos h?bitos morais reificados desde os prim?rdios da socializa??o do sujeito. Isso se reflete, principalmente, na cria??o de novas maneiras de estilizar a vida que s?o individuais e grupais, ao mesmo tempo. Sugerimos tamb?m uma amplia??o do pensamento sobre o tema da resist?ncia, em Foucault, tendo em vista a sociedade de consumo descrita por Zygmunt Bauman. Nossa hip?tese ? a de que o contato com o mundo underground do Heavy Metal ? o possibilitador de novas formas ?ticas (Foucault), onde h? a ades?o e o comprometimento do sujeito com o Heavy Metal enquanto um modo de vida. A partir da?, o consumo se torna uma palavra chave, na medida em que, participar do underground do Heavy Metal - enquanto uma pr?tica de liberdade, um modo de exist?ncia particular constitui tamb?m uma forma de consumo que foge ?s regras gerais do mercado, sendo um consumo diferenciado tanto na forma quanto na sua dura??o