L’impact des interactions hétérogènes entre la glace et les gaz traces sur la physico-chimie atmosphérique est à présent bien établi. A cause des propriétés spécifiques de la glace atmosphérique la quantification de cet impact reste encore très incertaine. Dans ce contexte nous avons étudié la solubilité et l’incorporation de formaldéhyde (H2CO) dans la glace, ce composé appartenant à la famille des composés organiques volatils qui ont une influence majeure sur la capacité oxydante de l’atmosphère. A l’aide de la spectrométrie de masse et de la spectroscopie d’absorption infrarouge par diode laser accordable, nous avons analysé la pression de vapeur de H2CO au-dessus des solutions aqueuses de formaldéhyde (10-3 à 30 mol %) à l’équilibre liquide vapeur à T = 295 K. L’analyse des solutions à faible concentration (<1mol %) a conduit à la détermination de la constante de Henry (H), paramètre thermodynamique important pour mieux comprendre la répartition de H2CO dans l’atmosphère. Cette étude a ensuite été étendue à T = 273 K, où une inversion dans la dépendance de H avec la température a été observée. Les mesures sur la phase gaz des solutions aqueuses concentrées ont servi à estimer la concentration de formaldéhyde dans les films de glace obtenus par co-condensation à basse température. Lors de l’analyse par la diffusion Raman, nous avons trouvé que lors du recuit sous une atmosphère d’azote, le mélange amorphe H2O-H2CO se transformait dans une structure clathrate à T = 148 K, même à faibles concentrations (~10-3 mol∙mol-1). L’azote gazeux s’adsorbe à la surface de la glace et semble agir par la suite comme un noyau de cristallisation pour la formation du clathrate de H2CO. / The impact of the heterogeneous interactions between the ice and the traces gases in the atmospheric physico-chemistry is now well established. However, because of the specific properties of the ice atmospheric crystals the quantification of this impact still remains very uncertain. In this context we have studied the solubility and the incorporation of the formaldehyde (H2CO) in the ice. This compound belongs to the group of volatile organic compounds (VOC), which have a major importance in atmospheric chemistry. By using mass spectrometry and infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy we analyzed the partial pressure of H2CO above the aqueous formaldehyde solutions at vapor liquid equilibrium. This has been done at T = 295 K, on a range of concentration going from 10-3 to 30 mol%. The analysis of the solutions with a concentration < 1 mol % leads to the determination of the Henry’s law constant (H) of formaldehyde. This is a key thermodynamic parameter to better characterize the distribution of formaldehyde in the atmosphere. This study was extended at T = 273 K, where an inversion in the dependence of H with the temperature was observed. Measurements on the gas phase of the concentrated aqueous solutions are used to estimate the formaldehyde concentration trapped in the ice films obtained by co-condensation at low temperatures. By annealing the ice-formaldehyde films we have found by Raman scattering that formaldehyde forms a clathrate hydrate phase at 148 K, even at low H2CO concentrations. The gaseous N2 adsorbs at the porous ice surface and forms a clathrate that will act as nucleation seed for the H2CO clathrate formation.

No description available.

One of the most far reaching failures of Radical reconstruction in the South was the inability of the southern Republican parties to evolve into stable political organizations in the accepted American tradition. The standard interpretation of this problem emphasizes the role of unyielding white opposition in undermining the southern Republican regimes. This thesis approaches the subject from a different angle. Focusing upon Louisiana during the administration of that state's first reconstruction Governor, Henry Clay Warmoth, party factionalism is examined as a source of Republican weakness.

Arkansas state politics during the Civil War was influenced by the preceding thirty years and many of the state's problems for which political answers were sought were similar to problems experienced in this period of political development. The war simply magnified and multiplied the problems faced by the state. This thesis is concerned with identifying the political forces in the state and their development, with investigating problems to which political solutions were sought and attempts made to solve these. Finally, an effort is made to determine the effectiveness of the various political moves made during the terms of Governors Rector and Flanagin.

In this study, every effort has been made to cover the principal factors in the solos from the incidental music which are peculiar only to this part of Purcell's work. The melody and text have been of primary concern. The effects of the social and economic background of the times and the actual dramatic setting of the songs are given careful attention. It is not the purpose of this work to study the harmonic style of Purcell. This is admittedly a most intriguing and attractive subject. However, as the principal accompaniment is the continuo and the implied harmonies of his figured bass are not always clear the harmonic style will not be treated as an element of the solos. It is fully worthy of individual treatment which would be free to draw upon the vast instrumental examples of his work in a comprehensive study of his style. A complete survey of the songs is included in Appendix D for reference and for the information of the reader. It is hoped that the reader will be encouraged to pursue a closer study of these songs, and to consider their possible use today.

Thesis advisor: David Northrup / Henry Beaufoy MP (1750-1795) was one of the primary founders and first secretary of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. The Association sponsored several expeditions to the Western Sudan and North Africa during the late 1780's and 1790's including the famous Mungo Park expedition of 1795-97. Beaufoy, as a Member of Parliament, was a key figure in the nonconformist movement as well as an ardent supporter of abolition. His work in recruiting and directing the Association's explorers helped set the stage for nineteenth century British involvement in Africa. The history of the Association's early expeditions and Beaufoy's mix of humanitarian and commercial motivations in founding the Association provide revealing witness to the nature of British interest in Africa at the end of the eighteenth century. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2004. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

This thesis examines the relationship between Henry George and the Irish on both sides of the Atlantic and, detailing the ideological interaction between George’s republicanism and Irish nationalism, argues that his uneven appeal reveals the contours of the construction of Gilded Age Irish-America. The work assesses the functionality and operation, in both Ireland and the US, of Irish culture as a dynamic but discordant friction within the Anglophone world. Ireland’s unique geopolitical position and its religious constitution nurtured an agrarianism that shared its intellectual roots with American republicanism. This study details how the crisis of Irish land invigorated both traditions as an effective oppositional culture to the processes of modernity. The Land War placed Ireland at the centre of a briefly luminous political upheaval that extended far beyond its own shores and positioned the country as a site of ideological conflict at a critical juncture in the history of political thought. Irish nationalism helped to perpetuate a specific aggregation of moral and economic principles, and, in equating British imperial force with the worst depredations of capital, Irish-Americans tapped into a powerful seam in American political culture that universalised the struggle of the Irish tenant farmers. Just as many contemporaries framed Irish politics with the ideals of the American republic, this thesis argues that Irish politics during the Land War, ever more interdependent on its diaspora, is better understood in relation to American political discourse than British.

This thesis begins by examining an unexplored contextual background for sixteenth century local maps. It argues that the architectural drawing techniques developed by master masons in the late twelfth century continued to be taught to the King’s masons well into the sixteenth, and that these drawing techniques lie behind the innovations in sixteenth century topographical mapping. Having provided a history of the craft skills that were adapted to make sixteenth century local maps this thesis moves on to consider why masons adapted craft skills traditionally used in full scale drawings on stone and plaster surfaces to make small, paper maps in the sixteenth century. It examines the way in which sixteenth century local maps were used and argues that the changing demands of patrons put pressure on master masons to alter the way in which local maps portrayed their subjects. The surviving archival evidence suggests that Henry VIII was the principle patron of local maps and my research examines the influence of the king over the shifting form of the map. It uses the letters and drawings sent between Henry VIII and his craftsmen to examine the decisive changes that Henry VIII made to the nature of the relationship between patron and builder, and the consequent effects of these changes over the forms of the image used to communicate between them. My argument suggests that Henry employs and promotes the craftsmen whose drawings allow him the greatest level of design control over the works he finances and that through this system maps and plans rapidly advance to include the technical drawing techniques which had, during the Middle Ages, been used exclusively among masons as on-site, working drawings. This thesis focuses attention on the technical aspects of map making, examining the material skills used to construct Henrician local maps and arguing that sixteenth centry local maps need to be related back to the craft skills of an older tradition of masonic drawing. It also suggests that map historians needs to look more closely at the correspondence sent between the king and his craftsmen and it argues this archival evidence provides a new contextual background with which to understand the changing forms of the Henrican local map.

Mong, Ih-ren Ambrose. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- "What, then, does Dr. Newman mean by Liberalism?" --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Biographical Sketch --- p.22 / Chapter 3 --- A Critic of Liberalism --- p.46 / Chapter 4 --- The Liberalism of Newman --- p.80 / Chapter 5 --- Newman's Liberalism in the Context of Contemporary Pluralism --- p.103 / Conclusion --- p.131 / Bibliography --- p.139

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