Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Joel Best, Dept. of Sociology & Criminal Justice. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-198).

Bakgrund: Heroin är en olaglig narkotikaklassad drog som är starkt beroendeframkallande. Bruket har en negativ inverkan på den fysiska, psykiska och sociala hälsan vilket medför ett komplext vårdbehov. Brukare är utsatta för stigmatisering i samhället. En faktor som kan utgöra hinder för god vård på lika villkor är hälso- och sjukvårdspersonals attityder gentemot patienter de vårdar.  Syfte: Syftet var att belysa hälso- och sjukvårdpersonals attityder gentemot patienter som är eller har varit brukare av heroin. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes enligt Fribergs metod. Artiklarna baserades på kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier samt studier utförda med mixad metod.   Resultat: Resultatet visar på förekomst av positiva och negativa attityder. De negativa attityderna var mer framträdande. Ytterligare framkom en polarisering av attityder inom gruppen hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Skillnaden var dock inte knuten till en viss yrkesgrupp utan kopplades till utbildning och erfarenhet av att arbeta med den aktuella patientgruppen. De som arbetade närmast patienterna hade övervägande positiva attityder och vice versa. Diskussion: Resultatet diskuteras utifrån centrala begrepp och idéer av Joyce Travelbee samt hur resultatet står i förhållande till vetenskap och lagtext. Tänkbara anledningar till förekomsten av negativa attityder avhandlas. En  “vi-och-dem"-mentalitet bidrar till hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens svårigheter att empatisera för patienterna vilket utgör hinder för vårdrelationen. Medvetandegörande, erfarenhet och utbildning belyses som avgörande för möjliggörandet av en förändring. / Background: Heroin is an illicit narcotic drug that is highly addictive. The drug has a negative impact on the physical, mental and social health of the user, which implies complex needs of healthcare. Users are exposed to stigmatization in society. One factor that may constitute barriers to good care on equal terms is the healthcare professionals' attitudes towards patients they care for. Aim: The aim was to highlight attitudes of health personnel towards patients who are or have been users of heroin.  Method: A literature review based upon ten scientific articles was conducted according to Friberg’s method. The articles were based on qualitative and quantitative studies as well as studies performed with mixed method. Results: The result shows the presence of positive and negative attitudes. The negative attitudes were more prominent. Further on a polarization of attitudes within the group of healthcare professionals was revealed. However, the difference was not linked to a certain profession but instead linked to education and experiences of working with the current patient group. Those who worked closest to the patients held predominantly positive attitudes and vice versa. Discussion: The results are discussed on the basis of key concepts and ideas of Travelbee and how the result fits in relation to science and legal texts. Possible reasons for the presence of negative attitudes are discussed. A ‘we-and-them ' mentality contributes to the difficulties of health professionals in empathizing with patients, which precludes the caring relationship. Awareness-raising, experience and education are highlighted as crucial to the facilitation of change.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / There is a paucity of data relating to the psychology of heroin addiction. It was the purpose of this investigation to generate some meaningful data which might have utility for the adequate understanding, prevention, and treatment of this ·serious social-psycholog ical problem. Heroin addicts were contrasted with non-addict controls with respect to three important psychological dimensions: self-esteem, future time perspective, and locus of control. Three major hypotheses were based on the assumption that heroin addict subjects had low self-esteem, a foreshortened future time perspective, and an external locus of control. Three minor or secondary hypotheses were also developed which assumed a positive interrelationship between self-esteem, future time perspective and locus of control. / 2031-01-01

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This thesis locates the global heroin trade within a world-systems theoretical framework. While the thesis identifies some of the factors responsible for the success of the international heroin trade, the primary aim is to focus on one facilitating aspect – global financial flows of ‘illegal’ or ‘hot’ money. Central to the argument is that international production and trade in illegal heroin are buttressed by cycles of economic contractions within the world economy and by a global financial system that provides the means for the heroin trade’s profits to be easily laundered and invested in the legal economy. To illustrate the utility of these approaches in terms of a world-systems context, the thesis employs a global commodity chain perspective and elaborates the case study of Hüseyin Baybasin, a highly prominent convicted Kurdish businessman who has sometimes been identified as the world’s leading international heroin trafficker. This particular case study permits us to examine not only the complex web of historical, cultural, social, economic and political interactions within the international heroin trade, but also how the global heroin commodity chain is relevant to the broader debate about secessionist ethnic nationalism and development in the Third World. Focusing on Turkey, the thesis outlines the early historical periods in which different traditional patterns have prevailed for the majority of Kurdish people, and explains the disappearance of these patterns through the process of modernisation and globalisation, and how this relates to the global heroin trade. The argument thus provides an alternative, world-systems perspective to the more familiar accounts of international heroin trafficking that tend to focus on conventional interpretations of supply and demand and the activities of law enforcement agencies in physical interdiction.

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