Orientador: Maria Beatriz Rocha Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T09:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FigueiraJunior_AyltonJose_D.pdf: 2121934 bytes, checksum: eb3e476d446a31227f8846d476a09293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve o objetivo de delinear pelo corte transversal a análise das variáveis de estilo de vida, nível de atividade e aptidão física de adolescentes residentes em duas regiões do Estado de São Paulo, em duas regiões distintas: uma na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo (Município de Santo André) e a outra cidade localizada em área do interior (São Bento do Sapucaí). Comparamos o estilo de vida, nível de atividade física e de aptidão física de adolescentes residentes nas duas regiões em 1997 e 2007, bem como o nível de atividade física, aptidão física e fatores psicosocioculturais (fatores determinantes) nos adolescentes residentes na mesma cidade em 1997 e 2007. Analisamos a relação do nível de atividade física e os fatores socioculturais e biológicos de adolescentes de ambos os sexos no corte amostral de 2007 (regressão multivariada - Modelo Hierárquico). Avaliamos 484 adolescentes de ambos os sexos residentes nas duas regiões e períodos. A avaliação dos indicadores psicosocioculturais foi realizada pelo Questionário de Atividade Física e Estilo de Vida proposto por Figueira Junior e Rocha Ferreira (2000), com questões das características da moradia, prática de atividade física na escola, prática de atividade física fora da escola, nível de atividade física e hábitos da vida. A avaliação da aptidão física seguiu protocolo de Matsudo,V (2005) das medidas antropométricas: peso corporal (kg) e estatura (m); metabólica pela potência aeróbica-teste de consumo de oxigênio (corrida de 12 minutos); neuromotores: força muscular de membros inferiores-impulsão vertical sem (cm) e com auxílio (cm) dos braços, impulsão horizontal (cm), força de tronco-teste abdominal (rep/min) e agilidade-teste de shuttle-run (s). Utilizamos a estatística descritiva, teste t de Student; teste de Mann-Whitney para a análise não paramétrica, teste do qui-quadrado (?2) para a tendência linear e teste Exato de Fisher. A análise do Modelo Hierárquico utilizou a regressão multivariada de Poisson com IC-95%. Resultados comparativos entre os períodos de avaliação em cada região, indicaram mudança (p<0,05) na estatura dos adolescentes (1997-2007) e no peso em Santo André (masculino). O comportamento da força muscular mostrou incremento nos adolescentes das duas regiões e sexos. A mesma tendência foi encontrada para a agilidade e força de tronco. O valor do consumo de oxigênio aumentou (1997-2007) nos dois grupos. A análise por sexo mostrou que as meninas não apresentaram mudança significativa, exceto nas adolescentes de São Bento do Sapucaí que aumentou. A prevalência de adolescentes ativos aumentou em 2007 comparado com 1997 nas duas regiões e sexos. A caminhada como forma de deslocamento parece contribuir significativamente. As barreiras da atividade física mostraram maior prevalência em Santo André que São Bento do Sapucaí em 2007 que 1997, o que explicaria o nível de atividade física. A preocupação com o aspecto físico, falta de estímulo dos pais e local para a prática de atividade física foram às barreiras mais citadas. A análise de regressão multivariada mostrou que a participação nas aulas de educação física, maior número de irmãos, caminhar ou pedalar para a escola são fatores de proteção para a inatividade física nas duas regiões. Podemos concluir que o intervalo de 10 anos de avaliação em duas regiões promoveu impacto diferente no comportamento de adolescentes ambos os sexos. / Abstract: This paper aimed to analyze throughout cross-sectional approach the lifestyle, physical activity level and adolescents physical fitness living at two different regions from Sao Paulo State: one at metropolitan area and other (Santo André) city and other from Sao Paulo countryside area (São Bento do Sapucaí). We compared the lifestyle in both region in 1997 and 2007, as well as the physical activity level, physical fitness and psychological and cultural factors (determinants factor) in adolescents from the same city, but ten years evaluation gap (1997-2007). The relationship among physical activity level and socio, cultural and biological variables were evaluated at 2007 sample, by multiple regression analysis (Hierarchical Model). 484 both sexes adolescents from different regions and periods were evaluated. The psycho-socio-cultural variables were determined by the Physical Activity and Lifestyle Questionnaire (Figueira Junior and Rocha Ferreira, 2000), that was organized to find the house characteristics; school physical activity practice, physical activity level and lifestyle indicators. The physical fitness variables were evaluated following Matsudo,V (2005) to anthropometric measures: body weight (Kg), statures (m); metabolic by maximal aerobic oxygen consumption (12 minutes run test) and neuromotors variables: lower limbs strength test by vertical jump test with and without help of arms movement, stand long jump, trunk abdominal strength and shuttle-run agility test. The descriptive statistics analysis chosen was the Student t test, Mann-Whitney to non-parametric approaches and Chi-Square (?2) to linear trend and Fisher Test. The hierarchical model was assessed by Poisson multivariate regression with CI - 95%. The results were compared between regions and evaluation period and presented changes (p.<05) on male adolescents stature (1997-2007) and body weight (Santo André). The muscle strength showed increases for both groups and period. The same trend was observed for agility and trunk strength. The analysis by sex did not presented chances girls on physical fitness, except from Sao Bento do Sapucaí adolescents. The active adolescents' physical activity increased in 2007 compared to 1997 in both region and sex. Walking as health-related locomotion, positively contribute for total physical activity. The barriers to physical activity showed higher prevalence in Santo André sample than in Sao Bento do Sapucaí in 2007 than 1997, that can explain the physical activity level. The physical appearance worry, lack of parents stimulus and place to physical activity practice were the most barriers found. Multivariate regression showed that physical education classes participation, more siblings walking or riding a bike to or back from school are variables that may protect against physical inactivity at both regions. So, we may conclude that 10 years interval between evaluations resulted on different adolescents behavior related to physical activity level and sociocultural approaches. / Doutorado / Atividade Fisica, Adaptação e Saude / Doutor em Educação Física

<p>Mobilitet genom att köra egen bil ger en ökad livskvalitet. Förekomsten av stroke ökar och för att kunna tillfredställa individens behov av aktivitet och självständighet i transporter finns ett ökat behov av körkortsbedömningar. Restsymtomen efter en stroke kan variera. Därför krävs olika typer av bedömningar. Arbetsterapeuter som är vana att arbeta klientcentrerat och bedöma skilda färdigheter har mycket att tillföra i körkortsfrågor. Syftet med studien var att sammanställa beskrivningar av bedömningsinstrument för körförmåga efter stroke i vetenskaplig litteratur, utifrån författarnas frågeställningar. En systematisk litteraturstudie användes som metod. Femton vetenskapligt granskade artiklar samt en master of science uppsats ingick i studien. Resultat visade en stor mängd bedömningsinstrument, varav majoriteten testade egenskaper på taktisk nivå enligt Michons hierarkiska modell. Ytterst få av instrumenten kunde kopplas till de av författarna efterfrågade kvalitetsaspekterna. Arbetsterapeuternas utgångspunkter var i de allra flesta fall att bedöma färdighet snarare än insikt i frågan om bilkörning. I diskussionen tar författarna upp att arbetsterapeuter är väl lämpade för den här typen av bedömningar trots att tillfälle sällan ges, detta baserat utifrån litteraturgenomgången. Vidare ger författarna förslag på fortsatt forskning i form av utvecklandet av ett nytt bedömningsinstrument som ska baseras på ett arbetsprov för bilkörning som alternativ till uppkörning.</p> / <p>Mobility through driving a car leads to enhanced quality of life. The prevalence of stroke is increasing, and to satisfy the individual’s need for activity and independence in transportation, an increased need of assessments of the ability to drive is apparent. Residual symptoms of stroke vary. There is therefore a need of different kinds of assessments. Occupational Therapists familiar with client-centred assessments and used to assessing various skills can contribute to issues concerning the acquisition of driving licences. The aim of the study was to gather descriptions of tools for assessing the ability to drive after stroke in scientific literature, based on the authors´ questions. A systematic review was the method used. Fifteen scientifically reviewed articles and a Master of Science report were included in the study. The main outcome was that a great number of assessment tools were found, of which the majority tested skills on the tactical level according to the hierarchic model of Michon. Very few of the tools could be related to the requested quality aspects. The occupational therapists´ starting point in most cases was to assess skill rather than insight into the question of car-driving. The authors believe that occupational therapists are well suited for that kind of assessment, based on the results of this study. The authors suggest further research in developing a new assessment tool based on a practical test for car driving as an alternative to the driving test.</p>

Mobilitet genom att köra egen bil ger en ökad livskvalitet. Förekomsten av stroke ökar och för att kunna tillfredställa individens behov av aktivitet och självständighet i transporter finns ett ökat behov av körkortsbedömningar. Restsymtomen efter en stroke kan variera. Därför krävs olika typer av bedömningar. Arbetsterapeuter som är vana att arbeta klientcentrerat och bedöma skilda färdigheter har mycket att tillföra i körkortsfrågor. Syftet med studien var att sammanställa beskrivningar av bedömningsinstrument för körförmåga efter stroke i vetenskaplig litteratur, utifrån författarnas frågeställningar. En systematisk litteraturstudie användes som metod. Femton vetenskapligt granskade artiklar samt en master of science uppsats ingick i studien. Resultat visade en stor mängd bedömningsinstrument, varav majoriteten testade egenskaper på taktisk nivå enligt Michons hierarkiska modell. Ytterst få av instrumenten kunde kopplas till de av författarna efterfrågade kvalitetsaspekterna. Arbetsterapeuternas utgångspunkter var i de allra flesta fall att bedöma färdighet snarare än insikt i frågan om bilkörning. I diskussionen tar författarna upp att arbetsterapeuter är väl lämpade för den här typen av bedömningar trots att tillfälle sällan ges, detta baserat utifrån litteraturgenomgången. Vidare ger författarna förslag på fortsatt forskning i form av utvecklandet av ett nytt bedömningsinstrument som ska baseras på ett arbetsprov för bilkörning som alternativ till uppkörning. / Mobility through driving a car leads to enhanced quality of life. The prevalence of stroke is increasing, and to satisfy the individual’s need for activity and independence in transportation, an increased need of assessments of the ability to drive is apparent. Residual symptoms of stroke vary. There is therefore a need of different kinds of assessments. Occupational Therapists familiar with client-centred assessments and used to assessing various skills can contribute to issues concerning the acquisition of driving licences. The aim of the study was to gather descriptions of tools for assessing the ability to drive after stroke in scientific literature, based on the authors´ questions. A systematic review was the method used. Fifteen scientifically reviewed articles and a Master of Science report were included in the study. The main outcome was that a great number of assessment tools were found, of which the majority tested skills on the tactical level according to the hierarchic model of Michon. Very few of the tools could be related to the requested quality aspects. The occupational therapists´ starting point in most cases was to assess skill rather than insight into the question of car-driving. The authors believe that occupational therapists are well suited for that kind of assessment, based on the results of this study. The authors suggest further research in developing a new assessment tool based on a practical test for car driving as an alternative to the driving test.

Freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in the United States have experienced dramatic declines, and 25% species are listed as federally endangered. Hence, recovery plans for endangered species proposed a strategy of propagation of young mussels for release to natal rivers to augment declining populations. In this study, I conducted laboratory experiments, assessed site suitability for mussel restoration, and evaluated survival and growth rates of released mussels to meet the requirements of recovery plan. I conducted multiple experiments to develop an improved protocol for juvenile mussel propagation and culture. Significantly greater survival and growth rates were found in newly metamorphosed juveniles of the rainbow mussel (Villosa iris) reared in a substrate of fine sediment and one-month-old juveniles of wavy-rayed lampmussel (Lampsilis fasciola) fed on natural food in pond water. Bio-filter media greatly increased water quality by reducing the concentration of ammonia and nitrite. The negative impacts of flatworm predation and filamentous algae in juvenile culture were controlled, and juvenile escapement was prevented. Juvenile mussels were successfully produced and cultured to stockable size (>15 mm) for release. I released laboratory-propagated mussels at three historically important sites in Clinch and Powell rivers for the assessment of site suitability. Use of cages was the most effective method to determine site suitability because the free-released mussels (untagged, tagged) had low catchability. Mussels released at Horton Ford, Clinch River, exhibited significantly faster growth. Horton Ford is the most suitable site, while environmental conditions at Fugate Ford, Powell River, are deemed unsuitable for mussel restoration and recovery. To facilitate the detection of released mussels, I applied Passive Integrated Transponder tags to laboratory-produced juveniles of the endangered Cumberlandian combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) and released them near Brooks Bridge, Powell River. The detection probability increased above 98%. I developed a set of hierarchical Bayesian models incorporating individual variations, seasonal variations, periodic growth stages and growth cessation to estimate survival, detection probability and growth of released mussels in a changing environment. Mussels of E. brevidens exhibited great survival (> 99% per month) and growth, indicating suitable conditions for recovery of this endangered species at this site. / Ph. D.