Récemment, la pyro-gazéification de déchets ménagers solides (DMS) a suscité une plus grande attention, en raison de ses bénéfices potentiels en matière d’émissions polluantes et d’efficacité énergique. Afin de développer un système de traitement de ces déchets, durable et intégré, ce manuscrit s’intéresse plus spécifiquement au développement de la technique de pyro-gazéification des DMS, à la fois sur l’aspect technologique (expérimentations) et sur son évaluation globale (modélisation). Pour cette étude, quatre composants principaux représentatifs des DMS (déchet alimentaire, papier, bois et plastique) ont été pyro-gazéifiés dans un lit fluidisé sous atmosphère N2, CO2 ou vapeur d’eau. Les expériences ont été menées avec les composés seuls ou en mélanges afin de comprendre les interactions mises en jeu et leurs impacts sur la qualité du syngas produit. La présence de plastique améliore significativement la quantité et la qualité du syngas (concentration de H2). La qualité du syngas est améliorée plus particulièrement en présence de vapeur d’eau, ou, dans une moindre mesure, en présence de CO2. Les résultats obtenus ont été ensuite intégrés dans un modèle prédictif de pyro-gazéification basé sur un réseau de neurones artificiels (ANN). Ce modèle prédictif s’avère efficace pour prédire les performances de pyro-gazéification des DMS, quelle que soit leur composition (provenance géographique). Pour améliorer la qualité du syngas et abaisser la température du traitement, la gazéification catalytique in-situ, en présence de CaO, a été menée. L’impact du débit de vapeur d’eau, du ratio massique d’oxyde de calcium, ainsi que de la température de réaction a été étudié en regard de la production (quantité et pourcentage molaire dans le gaz) d’hydrogène. La présence de CaO a permis d’abaisser de 100 oC la température de gazéification, à qualité de syngas équivalente. Pour envisager une application industrielle, l’activité du catalyseur a aussi été évaluée du point de vue de sa désactivation et régénération. Ainsi, les températures de carbonatation et de calcination de 650 oC et 800 oC permettent de prévenir la désactivation du catalyseur, tandis que l’hydratation sous vapeur d’eau permet la régénération. Ensuite, une étude a été dédiée à l’évaluation et à l’optimisation de la technologie de pyro-gazéification par la méthode d’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). Le système de gazéification permet d’améliorer les indicateurs de performances environnementales comparativement à l’incinération conventionnelle. De plus, des systèmes combinant à la fois la transformation des déchets en vecteur énergétique et la mise en œuvre de ce vecteur ont été modélisés. La pyro-gazéification combinée à une turbine à gaz permettrait de maximiser l’efficacité énergétique et de diminuer l’impact environnemental du traitement. Ainsi, les résultats permettent d’optimiser les voies actuelles de valorisation énergétique, et de d’optimiser les techniques de pyro-gazéification. / Due to the potential benefits in achieving lower environmental emissions and higher energy efficiency, municipal solid waste (MSW) pyro-gasification has gained increasing attentions in the last years. To develop such an integrated and sustainable MSW treatment system, this dissertation mainly focuses on developing MSW pyro-gasification technique, including both experimental-based technological investigation and assessment modeling. Four of the most typical MSW components (wood, paper, food waste and plastic) are pyro-gasified in a fluidized bed reactor under N2, steam or CO2 atmosphere. Single-component and multi-components mixture have been investigated to characterize interactions regarding the high-quality syngas production. The presence of plastic in MSW positively impacts the volume of gas produced as well as its H2 content. Steam clearly increased the syngas quality rather than the CO2 atmosphere. The data acquired have been further applied to establish an artificial neural network (ANN)-based pyro-gasification prediction model. Although MSW composition varies significantly due to geographic differences, the model is robust enough to predict MSW pyro-gasification performance with different waste sources. To further enhance syngas properties and reduce gasification temperature as optimization of pyro-gasification process, MSW steam catalytic gasification is studied using calcium oxide (CaO) as an in-situ catalyst. The influence of CaO addition, steam flowrate and reaction temperature on H2-rich gas production is also investigated. The catalytic gasification using CaO allows a decrease of more than 100 oC in the reaction operating temperature in order to reach the same syngas properties, as compared with non-catalyst high-temperature gasification. Besides, the catalyst activity (de-activation and re-generation mechanisms) is also evaluated in order to facilitate an industrial application. 650 oC and 800 oC are proven to be the most suitable temperature for carbonation and calcination respectively, while steam hydration is shown to be an effective CaO re-generation method. Afterwards, a systematic and comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study is conducted. Environmental benefits have been achieved by MSW gasification compared with conventional incineration technology. Besides, pyrolysis and gasification processes coupled with various energy utilization cycles are also modeled, with a gasification-gas turbine cycle system exhibits the highest energy conversion efficiency and lowest environmental burden. The results are applied to optimize the current waste-to-energy route, and to develop better pyro-gasification techniques.

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Es wurde ein plattenförmiges Qualitätshalbzeug aus Spezialholzwerkstoffen für den konstruktiven Einsatz im Maschinebau, mit dem Schwerpunkt Fördertechnik entwickelt. Mit diesem Halbzeug sind ökologisch vorteilhafte Konstruktionen möglich. Entwicklungsschwerpunkte waren: einstellbare, hohe absolute und spezifische mechanische Eigenschaften mit kleinen Streuungen. Die Entwicklung wurde durch verschiedene Werkstoffprüfungen von Labor- und Industriewerkstoffen begleitet und deren Ergebnisse mittels speziell erarbeitetet Bewertungskriterien evaluiert. Weiterhin wurde das Werkstoffverhalten von diversen Holzwerkstoffen unter dynamischer Belastung klassifiziert. / A panel-shaped high quality semi-finished product made of special wood-based materials for structural applications in mechanical engineering, with a focus on materials handling technology, was developed. With said semi-finished product ecologically advantageous constructions are possible. Development priorities were: adjustable, high absolute and specific mechanical properties with little variation. The development was accompanied by various materials tests of laboratory and industrially manufactured materials, and their results were evaluated by specially developed evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the material behaviour of various woodbased materials under dynamic loading was classified.

Wikipedia umschreibt die Topologieoptimierung als ein computerbasiertes Berechnungsverfahren, durch welches eine günstige Grundgestalt (Topologie) für Bauteile unter mechanischer Belastung ermittelt werden kann. Durch die Verwendung von 3D-Druck-Verfahren wird die Gestaltung der Komponenten revolutioniert, weil diese nicht mehr abhängig vom Fertigungsverfahren sind. Dabei werden auch optimale Gitterstrukturen innerhalb der Komponenten immer wichtiger. Diese neuen Herausforderungen können im Creo Umfeld mit ProTopCI (Hersteller CAESS, PTC Partner Advantage, Silver) elegant gelöst werden. Im Vortrag (mit Live-Demonstration) werden die neuen Möglichkeiten dieser innovativen Lösung beleuchtet: Modellerzeugung in Creo Simulate (FEM-Mode): - Verschiedene Lastfälle, - Kontakte, - Schraubenverbindungen, - CAD-Geometrie, - zu optimierende Bereiche, ... Technologische Randbedingungen zur Berücksichtigung des Fertigungsverfahren Innovatives Erzeugen/Optimieren der Gitterstrukturen Glätten, Exportieren der optimierten Geometrie

Die Anpassung der Bandlücke und die Herstellung mittels lösungsbasierter Prozesse charakterisieren Metallhalogenid-Perowskite. Sie sind vielversprechend für die Anwendung in optoelektronischen Bauteilen, die die Abscheidung von hochwertigen Dünnschichten erfordern. Deren Qualität hängt stark vom Kristallisationsverhalten ab, welches durch die Komposition der Lösung bestimmt ist. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Korrelationen im Präkursor-Prozess-Eigenschaftsraum von Metallhalogenid-Perowskit zu bewerten und Formierungsprozesse zu rationalisieren. Phasenreinheit, Morphologie und Absorptionseigenschaften zeichnen die Qualität der Perowskit-Dünnschichten aus. Die Optimierung der Herstellung von hochwertigen Filmen über einen breiten Bandlückenbereich wird zuerst beleuchtet. Die Rationalisierung der Formierungsprozesse erweist sich als fundamental, um reproduzierbare Präparationsroutinen für hochwertige Filme zu entwickeln. Anschließend wird ein optischer in-situ Aufbau zur Rationalisierung von Formierungsprozessen vorgestellt. Abhängig vom Halogenidverhältnis in der MAPb(IxBr1-x)3-Reihe werden verschiedene Formierungswege eingeschlagen. Während sich das reine Bromid direkt und Iodid reiche Perowskite über die intermediäre Solvatphase (MA)2(DMSO)2Pb3I8 bilden, bilden sich gemischte Halogenide zwischen 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 über beide Wege. Die Formierung über konkurrierende Wege erklärt die kompositorische Heterogenität der gemischten Halogenidproben. Zuletzt werden Formierungsprozesse von Bromid-Perowskiten rationalisiert und Abhängigkeiten der Kinetik von der Lösungskonzentration zeigen sich. Niedrige Konzentrationen führen zu einer beschleunigten Kristallisation und Schichtdickenabnahme des Nassfilms. Dieser Trend wird durch geringere Kolloidwechselwirkungen und niedriger koordinierte Blei-Bromid-Komplexe in verdünnten Lösungen erklärt. Die Korrelation im Präkursor-Prozess-Eigenschaftsraum hebt die Herstellung von Perowskiten aus chemischer Sicht zu einem nicht-trivialen Prozess. / Bandgap tunability by ion substitution and the fabrication due to solution-based processes characterize metal halide perovskites. They are promising for application in various thin-film opto-electronic devices, which require the deposition of high-quality thin-films. The quality strongly depends on the crystallization behavior predetermined by the precursors in solution. This thesis aims to evaluate correlations in the vast precursor-process-property space of metal halide perovskite and rationalizes formation processes. Phase purity, morphology, and absorption properties determine the perovskite thin-film quality. The first part focuses on optimizing the perovskite fabrication to obtain high-quality films over a wide bandgap range. From high-quality films, the exciton binding energy is determined. The rationalization of formation processes proves essential to design reproducible preparation routines for high-quality films. The second part presents an optical in-situ setup to rationalize perovskite formation processes. Different formation pathways are taken, depending on the halide ratio in the MAPb(IxBr1-x)3 series. While the pure bromide forms directly and iodide-rich perovskites form via the intermediate solvate phase (MA)2(DMSO)2Pb3I8, mixed halides between 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6 form via both. Such a heterogeneous formation process via two competing pathways rationalizes the compositional heterogeneity of mixed halide samples. The third part focuses on rationalizing the formation process of pure bromide perovskites and reveals a dependency of the formation kinetics on the solution concentration. Lower concentrations lead to accelerated crystallization kinetics and increase wet-film thinning. Lower colloid interaction and lower coordinated lead-bromide complexes in diluted solutions explain this trend. The strong correlation in the precursor-process-property space raises the preparation of perovskites via spin-coating to a non-trivial process from a chemical point of view.

This thesis presents elliptical rolling contact joints as an alternative to circular rolling contact and conventional revolute joints where high quality force transmission "low friction and backlash" with variable output are desired. Parameters specific to the joint and its position are developed in terms of relative link angles and elliptical surface geometry. These parameters are used to generate the basic forward kinematics for elliptical rolling link toggle mechanisms with oscillatory motion and high mechanical advantage. As large compressive loads are characteristic of such mechanisms, stress conditions are identified and principles for joint stability with variable, precision outputs are discussed. Finally, application is made to self-adjusting passive force closures with a case study of the MUSCLE Brake (Multi-toggle Self-adjusting Connecting-Linked Electromechanical) disc brake caliper. Elliptical rolling contact joints are shown to offer several benefits over circular rolling contact, including: reduced Hertz contact stresses and flexure bending stresses, variable output velocity, maximum use of contact interface by distributing small rotations across surfaces of small curvature, reduced forces on stabilizing members, increased mechanical advantage due to eccentricity, and no-slip pure rolling provided exclusively by connecting links (or flexures) without the need for gear teeth or friction.

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The thesis deals with circumstances of cooperation between members of a family of a person with dementia and social facility staff. The thesis examines the importance of cooperating family in the process of optimizing the institutional care of such clients. The text presents some modern approaches to the care of seniors who suffer from dementia, in which it is essential to know the sufferer's personal biography. Of a great importance not only in this regard is the cooperating family which by placing the senior in a social care institution should not dispose of responsibility towards him or her. Of important are also the approach of the institution and the activity of the facility staff which should engage the family members into the process of providing care to their family member.

This study has developed a method to create an, to a big extent, automated testing system for NMP (Networked Music Performance) communication over LAN and WAN to be able to benchmark the UDP streaming engine JackTrip using a client-server model. The method is not locked into using JackTrip only, it could be used to do experiments with other engines too. The study tried to answer the question if latency correlates to amount of correctly aligned audio, and to what extent the audio is correctly aligned in respect to tolerated latency (based on earlier research) when at least two musicians remote-conducting musical pieces together. There were 13 different buffer settings tested, which used no redundancy and redundancy of 2, and which were sent through 4 different LAN/WAN-scenarios. A big dataset was produced, with about 82 minutes’ worth of audio per test. To post-process the data a phase cancelling method was used to measure correctly aligned audio, while the latency was measured by counting the number of samples from the start of each audio file to the first sample that were not null or not under a certain threshold. The results showed clear correlations of buffer sizes impact of latency and amount of correctly audio sent over the network. If the buffer sizes are greater, it will produce higher latency and increase the amount of correctly aligned audio, and on the opposite side, if using less buffer, it will produce lower latencies and less correctly aligned amount of audio. The study also showed that there was very little impact of using higher redundancies, both regarding latency and amount of correctly audio. When analysing the amount of correct data when respecting the tolerated level of latency, the study showed a support for correctly aligned amount of streamed audio up to 65% when using JackTrip. / Den här studien har utvecklat en metod för att skapa ett, till stor del, automatiserat testsystem för NMP-kommunikation (Networked Music Performance) över LAN och WAN för att kunna prestandatesta den UDP-strömmande ljudmotorn JackTrip, med en klient-server-modell. Metoden är inte låst till att endast användas med JackTrip, den kan användas för att göra experiment med andra motorer också. Studien försökte svara på frågorna om latens korrelerar med mängden korrekt justerat ljud, och till hur stor del som ljudet är korrekt justerad med hänsyn till tolererbar latens (baserat på tidigare undersökning) när minst två musiker fjärrmusicerar tillsammans. Det testades 13 olika buffertinställningar, som använde ingen redundans samt med redundans på 2, och som kördes genom 4 olika LAN / WAN-scenarier. En stor datamängd producerades, med ca 82 minuters ljud per test. För att post-bearbeta data användes en fas-elimineringsmetod för att mäta mängden korrekt justerat ljud, medan latensen var uppmätt genom att räkna antalet samplingar från starten av varje ljudfil till den första samplingen som inte var innehållslös eller inte under ett specifikt tröskelvärde. Resultaten visade tydlig korrelation av buffertstorlekens påverkan av latens och mängd korrekt ljud skickat över nätverket. Om buffertstorlekarna är större kommer det att ge högre latens och öka mängden korrekt justerat ljud, och tvärtom, om mindre buffert används, kommer det att ge lägre latens och mindre rätt justerad mängd ljud. Studien visade också att det gav mycket liten effekt att använda högre redundans, både vad gällande latens och mängden korrekt ljud.  Vid analys av mängden korrekta data med hänsyn till den tolererade latensnivån visade studien ett stöd för korrekt justerat mängd av strömmat ljud upp till 65% vid användning av JackTrip.

Master’s thesis concern with the area on the edge of urban district Brno-Řečkovice a Mokrá Hora which is defined by street Terezy Novákové and Žilkova. In this territory is designed new residential complex which is integrated into existing buildings and area of the Czech Army. The main theme of this projet is created compact housing development with adequate population density which complete current built-up area and guarantee high-quality enviroment for living present and future inhabitants. Urban development respect surrounding houses. New complex has mainly block character which is created by block of flats and transformed into low row houses. In the proposed complex prevail residential function which is supplemented by public facilities like kindergarten, sports grounds and basic services. The urban philosophy put emphasis on human scale, high-quality public space and general contentment, liveliness and safety in street’s area.