The Thesis solves reconstruction and completion of the building of „CENTRUM“ Department Store in Brno. It is an unfinished skyscraper designed by Vladimír Karfík. The Thesis gives a proposal of the reconstruction of the building, extensions and annexes, new functional use (areas for sale and for rent, restaurant and hotel) and proposal for the peripheral jacketing solution. There was an aim to generate such a design, which would refer to the original building from thirtieth of the 20th century, which would follow up with the idea of a skyscraper located in the centre of Brno and whose functional utilization would suit to the current needs.

Work is trying to solve situation at area between Benešova street and Koliště in Brno city. Creating urbanistic and architectural design. High rise building is part of designing, because of remembering project from 30s of last century. Architectural studies of soliter building polyfunctional house.

A recent development and innovation in elevator technologies have sprawled interest in how these technologies would affect the forms and shapes of future high-rise buildings. The elevator that uses linear motors instead of ropes and can thus travel horizontally and on inclines is of particular interest. Once the vertical cores are no longer needed for the elevators, new and radical building forms and shapes are anticipated. It is expected that the buildings will have bridges and/or the buildings themselves will structurally perform more like bridges than buildings, therefore this study addresses the following topic - structural design and performance of tube mega frame in arch-shaped high-rise buildings. Evidently, for a structure of an arched shape, the conventional structural system used in high-rise buildings does not address the structural challenges. On the other hand, The Tubed Mega Frame system developed by Tyréns is designed to support a structural system for high-rise building without the central core, in which the purpose is to transfer all the loads to the ground via the perimeter of the building, making the structure more stable by maximizing the lever arm for the structure. The system has not yet been realized nor tested in realistic circumstances. This thesis aims at evaluating the efficiency of the Tubed Mega Frame system in arched shaped tall buildings. Multiple shapes and type of arches are evaluated to find the best possible selection. Structural behavior of different arch structures is studied using analytical tools and also finite element method in software SAP2000. The most efficient arch shape is sought to distribute the self-weight of the structure. The analysis shows that it is possible to accurately determine efficient arch shape based on a specific load distribution. Furthermore, continuing with the arch shape found in previous steps, a 3D finite element model is built and analyzed for linear static, geometric non-linearity (P-Delta) and linear dynamic cases in the ETABS software. For the given scope, the results of the analysis show that the Tubed Mega Frame structural system is potentially feasible and has relatively high lateral stiffness in the plane of the arch, while the out-of-plane lateral stiffness is comparatively smaller. For the service limit state, the maximum story drift ratio is within the limitation of 1/400 for in-plane deformations, while for out-of-plane the comfort criteria limit is exceeded.

Most of the tall buildings that are built today have a straight and vertical shape, because vertical buildings are more stable and easily built than slanted ones. In the case of vertical building, bending moments in the base only exists from horizontal loads such as wind and seismic loads, but in slanted buildings there will also be bending moments from dead and live loads. In addition, transportation inside the building is also a challenge when it comes to slanted buildings. However, a new elevator system that ThyssenKrupp has developed will solve that problem. This new elevator has an ability to move in all direction both vertically and horizontally. The new structural system, Tube Mega Frame (TMF), has been studied and proved to have better efficiency than the central core with outriggers. Moving the bearing structure to the perimeter of the building, gives smaller overturning moment and better stability due to longer lever arm from the center. This thesis focuses on applying the Tube Mega Frame system to a slanted building which has a tripod structure. Different types of TMFs were used to compare the efficiency of the buildings performance. The TMF contains perimeter frame and mega columns with different binding systems such as belt walls and bracings. A pre-study has been carried out in order to see the overall behavior of the tripod shape. Different heights and inclinations have been analyzed with stick models. The analysis has been performed in the finite element software SAP2000 and deflections due to dead load was compared. The buildings with least deflection considering maximum height and maximum inclination was chosen for further model analysis in finite element software ETABS. Furthermore, a short study of different bracings system has been performed for the lateral loads and it concluded that X-bracing have better performance. The main study of this thesis focused on the two building models of 450 m with 7° inclination and 270 and 15° inclination. For each model, five different TMF systems were applied and analyzed. The TMF includes perimeter frame, perimeter frame with belt wall, mega columns, mega columns with belt wall and mega columns with bracings. Deformations due to wind load, seismic load and modal vibration has been compared. It concluded that the least deformation is achieved by the TMF mega columns with bracings for both models with two different heights. The periods of the building are comparatively lower than other systems. The deflection from TMF mega columns with belt walls did not differ much from the TMF mega columns with bracings. For the 270 m high building, the top story displacement was remarkably small because of the three legs, making it stiffer and stable. Even with the p delta effect, there were only millimeters of difference in top story displacement. TMF perimeter frame had a lower deflection than with belt wall, which should have been exact opposite. The reason was while making the total volume of buildings equal, the addition of belt walls led to thinner columns in the perimeter and lower stiffness.

This dissertation defines and develops transitional space of housing, which is adaptable to the Chinese environment. It is the integration of community, culture element and sustainable development. Although the lifestyle is changing today, the concept of courtyard which comes from the Chinese vernacular building remains in peoples’ minds. It’s not only a form but also an expression of national culture and a sense of space. There are some attempts for Chinese architects to renovate or reconstruct the “courtyard”, but most of them are low-rise buildings. Facing with the high density, high volume urban living environment, Chinese architects only set vii the first floor yard and roof garden in multi-story or high-rise buildings. To improve the community environment, various levels courtyard space, such as the courtyard among units, community courtyard, are set. These courtyards are regarded as public space which not only plays the role of landscaping but also make people feel comfortable. However, there are still some problems, such as sustainable development, privacy. While there are some good attempts for foreign architects to design courtyard in terms of sustainable technology, the housing they design lack the Chinese culture character. So the design of multi-function transitional space raises the interesting questions for future research and development.

A crescente valorização das áreas disponíveis para a construção de edifícios nas grandes cidades tem constantemente elevado a altura das edificações. Nos edifícios altos, a consideração das ações horizontais na verificação da estabilidade da construção passa a ter um caráter essencial. As ações horizontais podem ser absorvidas, basicamente, por dois sistemas estruturais: por uma estrutura composta por pórticos de grande rigidez ou pela combinação de pórticos e paredes estruturais. Dentro deste contexto, esta dissertação trata da análise tridimensional de estruturas de edifícios altos de concreto armado, considerando a presença de paredes estruturais. Ao longo do trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo computacional em linguagem FORTRAN 90, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos, para realizar este tipo de análise. O modelo segue as recomendações da NBR6118 (ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS, 2007). Conforme esta norma, a não linearidade física é considerada de forma simplificada pela redução da rigidez dos elementos através de um fator fixo, função do nível de fissuração esperado A não linearidade geométrica, por outro lado, pode ser considerada de maneira simplificada ou de forma exata a partir de uma formulação desenvolvida por Argyris et al. (1979). No modelo analisado, foram implementados elementos de pórtico espacial para a representação de vigas e pilares, e de casca poliédrica para as paredes e lajes. Com o objetivo de se obter um sistema computacional eficiente, são utilizados recursos como a hipótese de diafragma rígido nos pavimentos e a subestruturação. Tais recursos permitem diminuir o tamanho do problema a ser resolvido, sem, no entanto, perder precisão nos resultados. O desenvolvimento do modelo computacional permitiu uma análise crítica de casos, confrontando as duas alternativas de sistemas para edifícios altos, ou seja, de pórticos com e sem paredes estruturais. / The on going increase in value of available construction sites in big cities has steadily pushing up the height of new buildings. In high-rise buildings, the consideration of lateral loads when stability is verified gains an essential role. Basically, lateral loads can be carried out by two types of structural systems: by a structure composed of high-stiffness frames or by a combination of these frames and shear walls. In this context, this work focuses on 3D analyses of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with the consideration of shear walls. A computational model based on the Finite Element Method is developed for the analyses, being the model described in detail in the text. The model follows the recommendations given in the Brazilian code NBR6118:2007. According to this code, physical nonlinearities are considered in a simplified manner by decreasing stiffnesses by a fixed factor, which depends on the expected level of cracking. Geometrical nonlinearities, on the other hand, could be considered either in a simplified manner or in an exact approach from the formulation developed by Argyris et al. (1979). In the developed model, spatial frame elements were implemented to represent beams and columns, while polyedric shells would represent shear walls and slabs. Targeting an efficient computational system, the rigid diaphragm hypothesis for the slabs as well as substructuring procedures were demanded strategies. Such means allowed smaller problem sizes to be solved without putting in jeopardy the results’ precision. It is also presented an analysis confronting the two alternatives of systems for high-rise building structures, i.e., frames with and without shear walls.

1994 ändrades den svenska lagstiftningen så att trä blev tillåtet i byggnader över tvåvåningar. Det finns vissa funktionskrav som ska uppfyllas för brandsäkerhet. Dettaarbete innehåller intervjuer med aktörer från byggbranschen som berör deras ochandra aktörers kunskapsnivå i ämnet. Möjligheter att bygga högt med träfasadpresenteras. Studien visar att flera möjligheter för att använda träfasader i höga husges i Boverkets byggregler. Olika aktörerna i byggbranschen uppfattar att de självahar goda kunskaper men att kunskapsbrister i branschen gällande brandskyddskravfinns. / The Swedish legislation of building code was changed in 1994, allowingconstruction of wooden buildings over two floors. To do so there are certainfunctional requirements that must be fulfilled to obtain fire safety. This studydetermines the level of knowledge of different contractors in the constructionindustry in the subject through interviews. The possibilities of using wooden facadesin high-rise building are also presented. The study shows that several possibilities touse wooden facades i high rise buildings are possible according to the legislation.Contractors in the industry consider their knowledge to be sufficient but believesthere is a general lack of knowledge in the industry regarding fire safetyrequirements.

In general, tall buildings, some of which are termed as &ldquo / skyscrapers&rdquo / , are among the typical and almost unavoidable features of the metropolitan cities. There is a competititive race of constructing higher and higher buildings since the birth of the infamous Home Insurance Building in Chicago which is still considered to be the pioneer of the modern tall buildings. Recently, an efficient service core design is strongly needed and inquired with the increase in height and capacity of tall buildings. Such needs and demands are primarily due to the circulation volume of occupants since height has an adverse effect on the size and capacity of the service core. This thesis investigates the features of service cores that play an important role in the planning considerations of tall building design, and their effect on architectural, structural and sustainable design. Within this context, a classification of service cores based on their location in architectural design is proposed.

A crescente valorização das áreas disponíveis para a construção de edifícios nas grandes cidades tem constantemente elevado a altura das edificações. Nos edifícios altos, a consideração das ações horizontais na verificação da estabilidade da construção passa a ter um caráter essencial. As ações horizontais podem ser absorvidas, basicamente, por dois sistemas estruturais: por uma estrutura composta por pórticos de grande rigidez ou pela combinação de pórticos e paredes estruturais. Dentro deste contexto, esta dissertação trata da análise tridimensional de estruturas de edifícios altos de concreto armado, considerando a presença de paredes estruturais. Ao longo do trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo computacional em linguagem FORTRAN 90, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos, para realizar este tipo de análise. O modelo segue as recomendações da NBR6118 (ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS, 2007). Conforme esta norma, a não linearidade física é considerada de forma simplificada pela redução da rigidez dos elementos através de um fator fixo, função do nível de fissuração esperado A não linearidade geométrica, por outro lado, pode ser considerada de maneira simplificada ou de forma exata a partir de uma formulação desenvolvida por Argyris et al. (1979). No modelo analisado, foram implementados elementos de pórtico espacial para a representação de vigas e pilares, e de casca poliédrica para as paredes e lajes. Com o objetivo de se obter um sistema computacional eficiente, são utilizados recursos como a hipótese de diafragma rígido nos pavimentos e a subestruturação. Tais recursos permitem diminuir o tamanho do problema a ser resolvido, sem, no entanto, perder precisão nos resultados. O desenvolvimento do modelo computacional permitiu uma análise crítica de casos, confrontando as duas alternativas de sistemas para edifícios altos, ou seja, de pórticos com e sem paredes estruturais. / The on going increase in value of available construction sites in big cities has steadily pushing up the height of new buildings. In high-rise buildings, the consideration of lateral loads when stability is verified gains an essential role. Basically, lateral loads can be carried out by two types of structural systems: by a structure composed of high-stiffness frames or by a combination of these frames and shear walls. In this context, this work focuses on 3D analyses of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with the consideration of shear walls. A computational model based on the Finite Element Method is developed for the analyses, being the model described in detail in the text. The model follows the recommendations given in the Brazilian code NBR6118:2007. According to this code, physical nonlinearities are considered in a simplified manner by decreasing stiffnesses by a fixed factor, which depends on the expected level of cracking. Geometrical nonlinearities, on the other hand, could be considered either in a simplified manner or in an exact approach from the formulation developed by Argyris et al. (1979). In the developed model, spatial frame elements were implemented to represent beams and columns, while polyedric shells would represent shear walls and slabs. Targeting an efficient computational system, the rigid diaphragm hypothesis for the slabs as well as substructuring procedures were demanded strategies. Such means allowed smaller problem sizes to be solved without putting in jeopardy the results’ precision. It is also presented an analysis confronting the two alternatives of systems for high-rise building structures, i.e., frames with and without shear walls.

A crescente valorização das áreas disponíveis para a construção de edifícios nas grandes cidades tem constantemente elevado a altura das edificações. Nos edifícios altos, a consideração das ações horizontais na verificação da estabilidade da construção passa a ter um caráter essencial. As ações horizontais podem ser absorvidas, basicamente, por dois sistemas estruturais: por uma estrutura composta por pórticos de grande rigidez ou pela combinação de pórticos e paredes estruturais. Dentro deste contexto, esta dissertação trata da análise tridimensional de estruturas de edifícios altos de concreto armado, considerando a presença de paredes estruturais. Ao longo do trabalho é desenvolvido um modelo computacional em linguagem FORTRAN 90, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos, para realizar este tipo de análise. O modelo segue as recomendações da NBR6118 (ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS, 2007). Conforme esta norma, a não linearidade física é considerada de forma simplificada pela redução da rigidez dos elementos através de um fator fixo, função do nível de fissuração esperado A não linearidade geométrica, por outro lado, pode ser considerada de maneira simplificada ou de forma exata a partir de uma formulação desenvolvida por Argyris et al. (1979). No modelo analisado, foram implementados elementos de pórtico espacial para a representação de vigas e pilares, e de casca poliédrica para as paredes e lajes. Com o objetivo de se obter um sistema computacional eficiente, são utilizados recursos como a hipótese de diafragma rígido nos pavimentos e a subestruturação. Tais recursos permitem diminuir o tamanho do problema a ser resolvido, sem, no entanto, perder precisão nos resultados. O desenvolvimento do modelo computacional permitiu uma análise crítica de casos, confrontando as duas alternativas de sistemas para edifícios altos, ou seja, de pórticos com e sem paredes estruturais. / The on going increase in value of available construction sites in big cities has steadily pushing up the height of new buildings. In high-rise buildings, the consideration of lateral loads when stability is verified gains an essential role. Basically, lateral loads can be carried out by two types of structural systems: by a structure composed of high-stiffness frames or by a combination of these frames and shear walls. In this context, this work focuses on 3D analyses of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with the consideration of shear walls. A computational model based on the Finite Element Method is developed for the analyses, being the model described in detail in the text. The model follows the recommendations given in the Brazilian code NBR6118:2007. According to this code, physical nonlinearities are considered in a simplified manner by decreasing stiffnesses by a fixed factor, which depends on the expected level of cracking. Geometrical nonlinearities, on the other hand, could be considered either in a simplified manner or in an exact approach from the formulation developed by Argyris et al. (1979). In the developed model, spatial frame elements were implemented to represent beams and columns, while polyedric shells would represent shear walls and slabs. Targeting an efficient computational system, the rigid diaphragm hypothesis for the slabs as well as substructuring procedures were demanded strategies. Such means allowed smaller problem sizes to be solved without putting in jeopardy the results’ precision. It is also presented an analysis confronting the two alternatives of systems for high-rise building structures, i.e., frames with and without shear walls.