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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A utilização da imuno-histoquímica na definição histogenética diagnóstica das neoplasias de pulmão

Carvalho, Ana Maria da Silva January 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2013-10-15T18:53:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria_da_Silva Carvalho. A utilização...2009.pdf: 4646765 bytes, checksum: 5565a182ac26f49c19a96b8c347526f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-15T18:53:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria_da_Silva Carvalho. A utilização...2009.pdf: 4646765 bytes, checksum: 5565a182ac26f49c19a96b8c347526f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / O Câncer de Pulmão (CP) é uma neoplasia de grande prevalência no mundo e apresenta taxas crescentes de incidência. Acomete principalmente homens entre 40 a 70 anos, sendo responsável por 1/3 dos óbitos por câncer. Os fatores etiológicos frequentemente associados a esta patologia são o tabagismo, as exposições industriais ao asbesto, urânio, níquel, arsênico, assim como poluentes atmosféricos como o gás radônio. Representa um grande desafio para os oncologistas, especialmente pela pequena taxa de sobrevida dos pacientes, em torno de 5 a 10% após 5 anos do diagnóstico. A complexidade de padrões morfológicos e pouca diferenciação representam desafios para o diagnóstico do CP. Dentre as estratégias introduzidas para auxiliar no reconhecimento dos tipos histológicos do CP, a imuno-histoquimica (IHQ) vem se destacando no estudo histogenético destes tumores. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi o estudo retrospectivo de 244 casos de CP, procedentes do Hospital Especializado Otávio Mangabeira, diagnosticados em biópsias brônquica transbrônquica no Serviço de Histopatologia do Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, no período compreendido entre 1986 e 2004. Todos os casos foram visados de acordo com a classificação de câncer de pulmão da OMS (2004), sendo os diagnósticos da presente investigação confrontados com os diagnósticos iniciais. Os tumores definidos como carcinomas pouco diferenciados ou indiferenciados (n=67) e as neoplasias definidas como casos difíceis para a avaliação diagnóstica pelo HE (n=34) (divergência diagnóstica), foram submetidos a IHQ. Esta foi realizada através do sistema Envision TM e utilizando o seguinte painel minimo de marcadores antigênicos: CKAE1/AE3, CK8, CK34BE12, CK7, CK20, PA, CROMOGRANINA A e TTF-1. A freqüência dos diferentes tipos neoplásicos nos 244 casos analisados foi: carcinoma escamocelular, 36,9% (n=90); adenocarcinoma, 27,0% (n=66); carcinoma neuroendócrino de pequenas células, 11,9% (n=29); tumor carcinóide, 8,6% (n=21); linfoma/sarcoma, 2,4% (n=6); carcinoma neuroendócrino de grandes células, 0,4% (n=1); carcinoma adenoescamoso, 0,4% (n=1), permaneceram com o diagnóstico de carcinoma não pequenas células pouco diferenciado, 5,7% (n=14) dos casos e 2,4% (n=6) continuaram como neoplasia maligna indiferenciada. A IHQ definiu histogeneticamente 93,1 % (n=94) dos casos examinados e 6,9% (n=7) deixaram de ser avaliados por ausência de tecido tumoral nas secções (exigüidade de material). A modificação do diagnóstico entre a análise histológica e análise dos 101 casos através da IHQ, apresentou uma concordância negativa de 71,3% e concordância positiva de 28,7%. A avaliação geral de todos os tumores (244 casos) na 18 análise (HE) e as neoplasias classificadas na 28 análise em HE+IHa resultaram em uma concordância negativa de 27,5% e concordância positiva de 72,5%. Concluímos que a IHQ é um bom método complementar para o diagnóstico de câncer de pulmão; o painel mínimo de marcadores antigênicos utilizados foi capaz de definir histogeneticamente 93,1 % dos casos submetidos à IHQ; o diagnóstico preciso e rigoroso do câncer de pulmão não prescinde do exame convencional em HE para a escolha dos marcadores antigênicos a serem utilizados na interpretação diagnóstica final. / Lung cancer (LC) is one of the neoplasias mostly prevalent worldwide and it shows increasing rates of incidence. It attacks mainly men between the ages of 40 and 70, and It has being responsible for 1/3 of all deaths caused by cancer. The most important etiological factors associated with this kind of pathology are cigarrete smocking and industrial expositions to asbestos, uranium, nickel, arsenic and atmospheric pollutants as radon gas. It presents a great challenge for oncologists, especially due to the low five years survival rate after diagnosis. Complex morphological patterns and also lack of differentiation in many cases poses as difficulties for the diagnosis of LC. Among the strategies introduced to help the recognition of different histological types of LC, the immunohlstochemistry (IHC) appears as one of the most important methods in the histological diagnosis of these tumors. The main objective of this research was to perform a retrospective study of 244 cases of LC, coming from the Otavio Mangabeira Thoracic Hospital through the analysis of bronchial and transbronquial biopsies during the period of 1986-2004, at the Histopathological Service, Gonçalo Moniz Research Center. All of the cases were revised according to the LC classification of WHO (2004) and the diagnosis of this investigation were confronted with the first ones that are present in our files. The criteria for sending the cases for IHC were tumors defined as indifferentiated/poorly differentiated cases (n=67) and the ones considered as difficult cases for evaluation on HE stain only (divergent diagnosis, n=34). The immunohistochemical study was done using the Envision system™ and making use of the followings antigenic markers; CKAE1/AE3, CK8, CK34BE12, CK7, CK20, SPA CHROMOGRANIN A and TTF-1. The frequency of the different neoplasic types in the 244 analysed cases were: squamous cell carcinoma, 36,9% (n=90); adenocarcinoma, 27% (n=66); small cells neuroendocrine carcinoma, 11,9% (n=29) carcinoid tumor, 8,6% (n=21); linfomas/sarcomas, 2,4% (n=6); large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 0,4% (n=1); adenosquamous carcinoma, 0,4% (n=1). 5,7% of the tumors (n=14) remained as non-small poorly differentiated cell carcinoma and 0,8% of cases (n=2) remained as indifferentiated malignant tumor. The IHC was able to histogenetically define 93,1% (n=94) of the cases analysed by this technique and 6,9% (n=7) could not be evaluated due the lack of tumoral material on the slides. The diagnosis change between the HE stain and the IHC analysis of the 101 cases showed a negative concordance of 71,3% and a positive concordance of 28,7%. The evaluation of all 244 cases comparing the first analysis in HE stain and the second one including HE + IHC disclosed a positive concordance of 72,5% and a negative one of 27,5%. We concluded that the IHC is a good auxiliary method for the LC diagnosis; the minimum set of antigenic markers used in this study was to precisely define the histogenesis of 93,1% of the cases evaluated by IHC; the precise e rigorous diagnosis of LC can not rule out the conventional HE satain exam in order to select the main diagnosis possibilities and than choose the antigenic markers to be used in the final diagnostic conclusion.
2

Caracterización genética y origen de las neuronas de la región claustroamigdalina en ratón.

Legaz Pérez, Isabel 31 July 2006 (has links)
El objetivo de esta Tesis ha sido profundizar en el estudio del desarrollo del complejo claustroamigdalino en ratón. Para ello hemos estudiado: 1) cuales de sus componentes derivan del palio lateral o ventral, en base a expresión diferencial de genes reguladores Dbx1, Lhx9, Lhx2, Lmo3, Lmo4, Cadherina 8 y Emx1 durante el desarrollo embrionario; 2) el desarrollo de las interneuronas del complejo claustroamigdalino que contienen proteínas ligadoras de calcio (incluyendo el desarrollo de sus circuitos locales); 3) el origen histogenético de dichas interneuronas, mediante cultivos organotípicos y el análisis del ratón transgénico Nkx2.1-Cre/Rosa26-GFP (Kessaris y col. 2006). Nuestros datos permiten distinguir los componentes paliales laterales o ventrales del complejo, que contienen múltiples subtipos de interneuronas con orígenes en distintas subdivisiones del subpalio. Esto abre las puertas a futuras investigaciones sobre la conectividad y función de cada subtipo de interneurona, y sobre su grado de implicación en los desórdenes neuropsiquiátricos. / The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to deepen in the study of the development of the claustroamygdaloid complex in mouse. For that, we pursued to study: 1) which components derive from either the lateral or ventral pallium based on differential expression of regulatory genes (Dbx1, Lhx9, Lhx2, Lmo3, Lmo4, Cadherina 8 y Emx1) during embryonic development; 2) the development of interneurons of the claustroamygdaloid complex that contain calcium binding proteins (including the development of its local circuits); 3) the histogenetic origin of these interneurons, by means of organotypic cultures and analysis of the transgenic mouse Nkx2.1-Cre/Rosa26-GFP (Kessaris and col. 2006). Our data allowed the distinction between lateral and ventral pallial components of the complex, which contain multiple subtypes of interneurons with origins in different subpallial subdivisions. This opens new venues for future investigations on the connectivity and function of each interneuron subtype, and on their involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders.

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